Uhlu ukuzibonakalisa nelungelo. Uhlu ukuzibonakalisa impesheni ekhethekile

Umthetho uhlinzeka iminyaka ejwayelekile bonke abesifazane engu-55 futhi amadoda engu-60 zithunyelwa ngeholide. Nokho, lo mthetho ine ngaphandle, okuyinto uhlu ukuzibonakalisa nelungelo. Basuke izimpawu yinkimbinkimbi lenyuka umsebenzi nengozi. Njengoba isinxephezelo ngenxa yomonakalo kwezempilo isimo ivumela umhlalaphansi.

Uhlu imisebenzi kunqunywa imiphumela ekhethekile oluyingozi izimo abasebenza impilo abasebenzi. Ezinye amakhono afakwe ohlwini kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, kodwa lapho kufika ubuchwepheshe obusha futhi nemithwalo yemfanelo emisha, uhlu ukunwetshwa.

uhlu

Ngo-1991, evunyiwe uhlu ukuzibonakalisa impesheni ekhethekile. Ukuze kube lula, it wawuhlukaniswe waba yizingxenye ezimbili. Izinhlu lonke futhi uyingozi ukuba emkhakheni wezempilo. Loluhlu ukusiza ukunquma ukuthi isinxephezelo Kumele uthole isakhamuzi, kanye nalokho izinzuzo ezengeziwe kumele lihlinzeke.

imikhakha ethile yezakhamuzi amelwe loluhlu Kungenzeka ufanelekele izinzuzo ezengeziwe ngesimo:

• encishisiwe ngesonto ukusebenza;
• iholo lakhulisiwe;
• uhambo ukhululekile zokulala;
• eside sekhefu lonyaka;
• umhlalaphansi.

Uhlu izinzuzo olunikezwa iziqondiso sikahulumeni. Ngokwezibalo, u-40% ochwepheshe wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza izinto eziyingozi. Ukuze ngandlela-thile nxephezela umonakalo owenziwe impilo umsebenzi, uHulumeni enikeziwe uhlu ukuzibonakalisa nelungelo, lahlukaniswa izinhlobo uhlu.

umehluko uhlu

Kwethulwa ubuchwepheshe uhulumeni somhleli okuwumqulu ubonisa uhlu imisebenzi eziyingozi. Ngezikhathi uhlu olusha futhi kulekelelwa amakhono amasha.

Umehluko itholakala degree of kobukhulu zomsebenzi. Ohlwini lokuqala ngokuqondile wawuthi woMnyango wezemiSebenzi uyazicabangela esiyingozi kakhulu. Uhlu lwesibili lubonisa zonke izindlela zokuhwebelana nomthelela ongemuhle empilweni, kodwa okungezona ezakho kunoma ingozi ethile. Kulesi sisekelo, abantu abaningi uthole izinzuzo kanye nasemikhakheni ohlwini lokuqala. .

uhlu 1

Ngo uhlu eyodwa imisebenzi nelungelo (inguqulo yakamuva) afakiwe bonke amakhono imisebenzi jikelele. Uhlu lokuqala kuhlanganisa:

• imisebenzi komhlaba;
• imisebenzi yezimayini;
• zonke yokusansimbi ubuchwepheshe;
• umkhakha Amafutha;
• igesi isizinda nokucubungula;
• imboni yamakhemikhali;
• petrochemicals;
• abasebenzi negesi esiteshini;
• Navy izikhulu;
• ubuchwepheshe ezihlobene ekuthuthukiseni nomsakazo zikagesi;
• Abasebenzi abathintekayo emsebenzini wokukhiqiza imithi.

Futhi, uhlu kuhlanganisa wonke amakhono ezihlobene isizinda kanye ukucutshungulwa emkhandweni wensimbi.

uhlu 2

Ohlwini lwesibili ukuzibonakalisa nelungelo kuhlanganisiwe:

• abasebenzi bezempilo;
• ubuchwepheshe ezihlobene ngokucubungula izinsimbi, amalahle;
• abasebenzi umkhakha ukudla;
• Railways abasebenzi.

Ukuze eziphezulu 2 sihlanganisa Ochwepheshe zokuvikeleka kwezenhlalakahle kanye nezinye kweminye imikhakha yobuchwepheshe.

umhlalaphansi

Uhlu lokuqala nelesibili ukuzibonakalisa nelungelo ivumela umhlalaphansi. Loluhlu acabangele umsebenzi onzima yomuntu, ingozi umsebenzi. Uhulumeni waseRussia ivume umthetho inikeza vacation ekuseni, noma ikhono ukushintsha imisebenzi lula futhi kuphephe. Kulo mBhalo, izinzuzo kanye nokukhokhela empeshenini yakho nyangazonke zigcinwa.

izimo lokukhipha ngeholide ubonisa hlelo olusha. Uhlu ukuzibonakalisa nelungelo kuhilela ngokuchaza izimo okumelwe ahlangabezane nazo ukuze exit ekuseni ukuze baphumule.

Abesilisa omsebenzi wakhe iwela uhlu lokuqala ukuzibonakalisa impesheni ekhethekile kumele babe nesipiliyoni okungenani iminyaka eziyishumi imisebenzi eziyingozi. Ngokusho uhlu sesibili amadoda ukuleso saziso iminyaka emibili nengxenye eside. Ngemva kwalokho, wonke umuntu uthola ithuba lokuthuthukisa ukungena impesheni ekhethekile. Abesifazane abaqashwe imisebenzi ohlwini lokuqala, kumele abe nesipiliyoni okungenani iminyaka eyisikhombisa nengxenye, kanti eyesibili - akukho ngaphansi kuka eziyishumi.

imihlomulo yempesheni esiyakuqokwa ngoba amadoda falling in the uhlu lokuqala ukuzibonakalisa impesheni ngendlela ehlukile, uma umsebenzi wabo Imininingwane uneminyaka engu 20, zazo kwesigamu kubo kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa eziyingozi. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu umbandela zinganikwa impesheni kudala njengoba engu-50. Abesifazane ongafaka isicelo accrual izinzuzo ngaphansi isipiliyoni jikelele iminyaka engu-15, lapho isigamu isikhathi basebenza ezimweni ukuthi kukhona yingozi empilweni. Ubudala abesifazane ngesikhathi esifanayo akufanele kube khona esikhathini esingaphansi kweminyaka 45.

Hamba ku-abantu iholide ohlwini lwesibili kungenzeka kube ingqikithi umsebenzi isipiliyoni engu-25 (yamadoda) ne-iminyaka engu-20 (i-abesifazane). amadoda Ubudala ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele kube engu-55 ubudala, futhi abesifazane - engu-50.

Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi umuntu akakwazi ukuba iphothule ngaphambi kokuthatha umhlalaphansi e imisebenzi eziyingozi. izimo ezinjalo acabangele yesikhwama sempesheni. Uhlu ochwepheshe nelungelo inikeza ithuba ukungena iholide ekuseni ngisho ne yokungabi nokuhlangenwe nakho. Yiqiniso, lokhu kungase kuthinte inani impesheni.

Lapho ukudweba umhlalaphansi singakashayi isikhathi

Lapho injected owokuqala uhlu wesibili we yisakhamuzi kumele afake isicelo sempesheni (ngemuva kwalokhu ozobizwa PF) ne ibhuku. Ngesisekelo ulwazi olunikeziwe therein izikhulu PF anganquma impesheni ekhethekile noma cha. Uma ibhuku liqukethe ezinganembile, amaphutha noma ulwazi olunqunywe ngokucacile, kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ezengeziwe idokhumenti efakazela isipiliyoni. Kuhlanganisa:

• t54 ikhadi ezimise;
• izisebenzi uhlu kokulandela isikhathi;
• Ikhadi lokubhalisa noMnyango izisebenzi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imibhalo elandelayo ithunyelwe Pension Fund:

• iphasiphothi;
• SNILS (SNILS);
• Isicelo impesheni.

Ngemva ukwamukela isicelo izikhulu PF ukwenza isicelo sokuthola isiqinisekiso sokuthi mkhakha, abasebenzi isakhamuzi ingena yemisebenzi somhleli impesheni ekhethekile. Ezimweni ezingavamile, owayesethathe umhlala-phansi ikusasa ucelwa ukuba unikeze medspravka, okubonisa ukuthi umsebenzi zabasebenzi kuye kwaholela ukukhubazeka.

Ukwenqaba ukhombe izinzuzo okukhethekile

Ngemva kokuhlaziya imibhalo, PF ochwepheshe kungathatha isinqumo ongathandeki aphoyintimenti impesheni encishisiwe asekele zokwenqaba. Izizathu impendulo kungaba:

1. Ezingaqinisekisiwe umsebenzi Empeleni isakhamuzi kule simila.
2. Umsebenzi lomthetho ngeke lokuphekiwe umsebenzi kazwelonke.
3. Yokushoda kobufakazi umsebenzi.

Endabeni ka ukungavumelani zokuchithwa zonke izakhamuzi ngemuva kokutholwa angafaka isicelo enkantolo inselelo izixazululo PF.

Ilungelo impesheni ekhethekile

Esinye nesinye isakhamuzi, osebenza emnyangweni inkampani, lapho izimo zokusebenza kukhona eziyingozi empilweni, kufanele bazazi "izingibe" ukuthi zi zini ezazimlindele lapho wenza impesheni encishisiwe. Umuntu wokuqala ukwenza amaphutha embhalweni naku komthetho - iyona umqashi. Ngokuvamile e omsebenzi izinkontileka ayibonisi ingozi ngoba ukuphila nempilo kwabasebenzi, yingakho yena engalali amalungelo izibonelelo ezengeziwe ukuba ungilimaze, kanye kungenzeka umhlalaphansi. Ukuze uvimbele lokhu ukuthi kwenzeke, kufanele ufunde ngokucophelela imigomo yesivumelwano umsebenzi. Kuyadingeka:

1. Ngokuqhubekayo ukuqapha umbono komuntu siqu yomsebenzi wabo. Uma wayefisa, noma yimuphi umsebenzi unelungelo ukucela isitatimende nale isipiliyoni imisebenzi emibi.
2. Gada izinkokhelo esifike ngesikhathi PF.

Kuyadingeka ukuqapha ukugcwaliswa yerekhodi umsebenzi, ukuthi kwakungekho amaphutha, izinhlamvu ezingadingekile. Kufanele igcwaliswe ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle isisihla olulodwa.

izimpesheni noku i northerners kanye nabantu bezinye ukuzibonakalisa

Uhlelo-uhlu ukuzibonakalisa nelungelo kusikisela uhlobo olukhethekile ochwepheshe. It uthole izakhamuzi ukusebenza enyakatho. kubalulekile ukusebenza ngenjongo impesheni hhayi ngaphansi kuka engu-15 (enyakatho kakhulu) futhi iminyaka engu-20 ngenxa MPCS. Ukuze abesifazane, uma ubude yesevisi ezingeqile kwezingama-iminyaka engu-20 futhi amadoda - okungenani iminyaka engu-25.

kukhona uhlu encane ukuzibonakalisa kule nomthetho isiRashiya, lapho abantu bangathembela inzuzo ekhethekile iminyaka yesevisi. Bona ezinye majors, ezifana zokwakheka komhlaba, abashayeli bamabhasi nezinye izithuthi zomphakathi.

Lapho esebenza emasimini ahlukahlukene kanye at imisebenzi ehlukahlukene enobungozi ungakwazi ukuthola impesheni ekhethekile, kufinyeta isipiliyoni bese ukhetha okukhethwa kukho ukuthi ngeke ivumelane yokubhadala. Isinqumo sokugcina kumele athathe isakhamuzi yena, osefake isicelo sempesheni oyithandayo.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi yezimayini umsebenzi iminyaka eyishumi, umuntu ungaba nobude iminyaka emihlanu ngokuthathu COP. impesheni North ephakeme kunaleyo yezimayini zokusebenza, ngakho ukubala ikubeke. Umhlalaphansi ukuze abantu babe neminyaka engu-50.