Ikhompyutha okungumsu Logic

Noma iyiphi idivayisi noma indlela adalwe indoda, ngokusekelwe imithetho eqondile umsebenzi walo, okuzokwenza ukwaba ngokusebenzisa izici isicelo nokusebenza. Isidingo nezidingo esiphuthumayo iyona umfutho main sokuthuthukiswa izinhlobo ezintsha imishini, ubuchwepheshe, njll Lokhu kwenza kwaba nokwenzeka ekuqongeleleni ulwazi ezicini eziningi zesayensi nobuchwepheshe, ukusetshenziswa okuyinto ikuvumela ukudala izakhiwo lokuqala okunengqondo izindawo ezintsha ubuchwepheshe, ezifana izisekelo okunengqondo kwe-computer, bese ukuhumusha wabayisa izinhlobo ezintsha imishini. ulimi womuntu Simple ubizwa ngokuthi "intuthuko lobuchwepheshe".

Umfutho ukuvela amakhompyutha babe izisusa ezimbili ukushayela: isidingo lemiqulu emikhulu information processing nokufeza emikhakheni ehlukahlukene isayensi nobuchwepheshe (ugesi, izibalo, i-physics kanye nobuchwepheshe of Semiconductors, izinsimbi kanye nabanye abaningi). Amasampula lokuqala Computing electronic amadivayisi waqinisekisa izimiso computer futhi waqala inkathi ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha isigaba esisha izinto lobuchwepheshe, ngokuthi "amakhompyutha electronic".

Ukuze ukuqaliswa umbono lobuchwepheshe zedivayisi Computing okunengqondo ikhompyutha okungumsu abangu washayelwa usebenzisa algebra logic, ukuchaza iqoqo izici isisekelo theory. imithetho Izimiso eziphusile ukuthi kuchazwe izisekelo okunengqondo kwe-computer, zavela ekhulwini le-19 eyiNgisi John. Bull. Empeleni, kuba isisekelo ezincwadini izinhlelo digital kolwazi ukucubungula. essence yayo bakha imithetho ubudlelwane okunengqondo phakathi kwezinombolo: ngokuhlangana, disjunction nabanye, okuyinto efana ubudlelwano owaziwa obuyisisekelo phakathi izinombolo izibalo - ukubuyabuyelela, kwalokho, njll Izinombolo algebra Izimiso eziphusile kukhona ukumelwa kanambambili, okungukuthi, emelelwe kuphela izibalo 1 futhi 0. Izenzo bachazwa ngezinombolo of Izimiso eziphusile izimpawu ezengeziwe. Lezi zici avumela inhlanganisela wezibalo imithetho aphansi okunengqondo uchaze noma iyiphi inkinga yezamakhompyutha noma isenzo control by nezimpawu ezikhethekile, okungukuthi, "ukubhala uhlelo." Ukusebenzisa kwidivaysi yokufakwayo, lolu hlelo "ezithwele" singene computer futhi ukhonza njengesisebenzi "ukulahlwa" ukuze kwenziwe.

Idivaysi yokufakwayo iguqula izimpawu engenayo ibe amaza kagesi njengoba binary code futhi imisebenzi kubo - ukudlulisela ukuguqulela eqaphela ukwenza izibalo kanye nokusebenza okunengqondo yenziwa zobuchwepheshe ngokuthi amasango, samabululu, flip-flops njll Bakha a ukugxusha lobuchwepheshe computer, lapho selibalelwa emashumini ezinkulungwane izinto.

Ukwakhiwa yakhiwa main iyunithi 4 kukhompyutha: CU - control unit, a-RAM kanye ROM - inkumbulo futhi isitoreji se-node likhono, Alu - izibalo logic unit, IOCTL - O kwidivaysi yokufakwayo. Yiqiniso, ngamunye wabo e nokulandela Umklamo izisekelo okunengqondo computer. inqubo yomsebenzi ikhompyutha kuhlanganisa ukulayisha ku RAM noma ROM yokusebenza kohlelo, kulotshiwe amakhodi ekhethekile, kugcinwa amakhadi ngesibhakela, amateyipu kazibuthe, amadiski kazibuthe kanye optical nezinye abezindaba. Lolu hlelo yakhelwe zokukhwabanisa uu notshwala wamanje noma kulwazi ezisebenza nokuthola imvume umphumela zahlelwa, isib, ukubonisa isithombe ku-qapha noma digital alalelwayo isignali ukuguqulwa, njll Kuze kube yimanje, CU wenza Ukudluliselwa amaningi kolwazi amabhlogo phakathi kwawo wonke amadivayisi kufakwe kwikhompyutha.

The main "ezinzwa isikhungo" kuyinto Alu ikhompyutha - umculi wazo zonke izibalo kanye logic imisebenzi. Okwamanje, Alu wenza idivayisi umsebenzi ngokuthi processor noma sekhompiyutha, okuyinto idivayisi Semiconductor usayizi ambalwa iimbumbeko neqoqo inani Amazing of imisebenzi. Kancane kancane ukungezwa microprocessor umsebenzi ukulawula amadivayisi yangaphandle - Abaqaphi, abanyathelisi, njll Intuthuko yamuva nje kule ndawo baye bavumela ukudala microprocessors neqoqo egcwele amayunithi obusebenzayo amakhompyutha, ngakho bavele amakhompyutha olulodwa-chip ne-angangena ephaketheni izici ikhompyutha egcwele. Okumangazayo ukuthi izisekelo okunomqondo ikhompyutha yakhelwe kanye idivayisi Computing lokuqala, akukashintshi kuze kube yilolu suku.