Likuphi esiqiwini yeCentral Black Earth?

Reserve Central Black Earth - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yeRussia. Itholakala ku eKursk esifundeni. Lubekezelela igama Uprofesa Vasiliya Alehina.

inqolobane umlando

Reserve Central Black Earth itholakala kulezi zindawo ukuthi 1st ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni yeminyaka 2nd kwakuhlezi amaPhoyisa emaqeleni, izigodi ezembethe amahlathi. Ngalezo zinsuku, esizeni yesimanje eKursk esifundeni yayiklaba saiga, kulan futhi izinkambo. Babehlala Emizini inqwaba namagundane ezahlukene. Le mpophoma izinyoni ezinkulu ezifana Little bustard ne-bustard Omkhulu.

Izizwe owayehlala kulezi zindawo, ingcindezi evela retinue kokubili yenkosana, futhi ingxenye abayimizulane. Ngu XVI ekhulwini ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko wabantu abakhileyo eKursk kwaba ezolimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo muzi ngaleso sikhathi elapha imingcele oseningizimu isimo Russian. Ngakho-ke, ngezikhathi ezithile kwadingeka lezi imingcele.

Ukuze sibhekane ekuhlaseleni YaseCrimea AmaTatar, abendawo asikwazanga Ngakho-ke, yini ukuba sikhonze enkonzweni eKursk phathelana okhuthele Don kanye Cossacks, owasebenza njengomkhulumeli onogada empeleni samanje. Kunikezwe lapha ngaleso sikhathi futhi Gunners futhi yabacibishelayo.

Ekugcineni, abaningi babo esezinzile lezi zindawo. Umhlaba at eKursk enanikelwa kuyo kubo ngoba hay nokuklaba. Ngenxa yalokhu-ke liye lasinda untilled asemaqeleni agodliwe, okuyinto namuhla ngenxa Central Black Soil reserve ngenxa Alekhine ezaziwayo.

Kumiswa imvelo wendawo

Lezi zindawo yilezi ekuqaleni we XX leminyaka Uprofesa uzifunde ngokucophelela Alekhin, namuhla egama layo linguJehova reserve Central Black Earth. Ngokusho nocwaningo lwakhe, kulezi zinyanga ezintathu noma ezine namakhulu eminyaka kula mazwe izimila kwakhiwa bedle ngqo ugunda njalo nokuklaba. Futhi ngokuvamile lokhu okwenzekayo emhlabathini ezindaweni ihlathi.

I Musketeers ka ezimfundeni asemaqeleni futhi okufakwe ecacile entwasahlobo and ekwindla emadlelweni. Ngokuvamile bendawo esetshenziswa ezinyantisayo lapho ukubhubhisa uqweqwe inhlabathi, abhubhise ukhula nokuvikela ezweni lemikhuhlane. +

Ukuze emadlelweni babe esivuthayo osetshenziswayo acebile. Kuyinto ngale ndlela bathole eKursk asemaqeleni Vasiliy Alehin, lapho ngahlangana khona okokuqala lapha ngo-1907. Ngaleso sikhathi wayesesokhalweni ngonyaka wokugcina eMoscow State University.

Ucwaningo bendawo nemvelo Alekhine

Alekhine waqala ngenkuthalo ukuhlola izindawo eyaziwa kamuva ngenxa yokugcwala yeCentral Black Soil. Usosayensi waqala ukuba babanikele encwadini yabo emaphephabhukwini elihle. Ngakho-ke, isihloko sakhe sokuqala ngale ndawo yayibizwa ngokuthi "Uhlaka izimila ushintsho yayo kancane kancane kule ndawo Streletskaya asemaqeleni eduze eKursk." Ngo-1910, wachaza ngokuningiliziwe futhi Cossack asemaqeleni, ngazifunda ngemva konyaka.

Ngo-1925, uProfesa uVladimir Khitrovo sezimbali futhi geobotanist eyaziwa, yashicilela incwadi ethi "Flora yase esifundazweni Oryol." Iqiniso lokuthi kamuva kulezi zindawo nazo ezifakwe eCentral Black Soil reserve ngenxa Alekhine. Umsebenzi wakhe bakhonza njengendikimba ithuluzi kuhle Alekhine ezifundweni akhe aqhubekayo.

Esikhathini Alekhine esifanayo ngo-1925 okokuqala kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha abeke kuvinjelwe ukusetshenziswa kwalezi amasayithi ukuze silondoloze ubuqotho babo zemvelo. Uhulumeni waseSoviet kanye emva kweminyaka engu-10 wanquma ukuthi ezindaweni wadala Central Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve.

Insimu reserve

Ukulungiswa ku ukusungulwa esiqiwini wathatha Ephakeme KaHulumeni ye-Central Executive Committee. Central Chernozem Biosphere Reserve wathatha insimu, ilingana amahektha angaphezu kuka 4.5 ayizinkulungwane.

Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wokulondoloza acwebile asemaqeleni izindawo ngokuhlanganyela zonke izinhlobo zamahlathi baye lalibekwe phambi nokuphathwa esiqiwini. Inhloso yalesi - utadisha izinqubo kumiswa humus endaweni, kanye ubudlelwano obuyinkimbinkimbi emaqeleni nasemahlathini. Futhi, izazi zezinto eziphilayo nentshisekelo kwethonya emahlathini ukuze ulwe izifundo nesomiso, lapho the best in the enyakatho futhi eRussia emaphakathi ukulima.

Ngo-1971 wasungula indawo nokuvikeleka esiqiwini. Futhi ngo-1988 kwathiwa zithuthukiswe futhi lanwetshwa ukuba amakhilomitha amathathu. Okwamanje, Central Black Earth isimo reserve ihlanganisa indawo amahektheli ayizinkulungwane 28,5.

Inani ingcebo yemvelo yendawo akulinganiswa kuphela eRussia. Central Black Soil agcinele kubo. Alekhine has isitifiketi CE.

isimo samanje

Lokhu wokugodla omunye zigcine kuqala linganisa kokuvela e-USSR. Lapho ungakwazi bagcine futhi batadishe Yiqiniso engokwemvelo izinqubo ezihlukahlukene kule izakhiwo of edlelweni-asemaqeleni khona nsimu.

Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa ithonya yezenzo zesintu lezi zinhlelo. Reserve Administration namuhla ekuthuthukiseni emisebenzini esisiza ukuba angalondoloza ubuyisele imiphakathi zemvelo bomdabu.

Esinye sezihloko ezihlanganisayo ayisihluthulelo cwaningo ezikule ndawo - umhlaba omnyama. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini sethu black zenhlabathi, ingakamiswa ngaphansi ukulima - buyinto evamile. Basuke kubhekwe lokuma ukuthi kungenziwa wafunda ukuhlola umthelela wabo ezolimo yesimanje. Kusukela ngo-1975, i-Central Chernozem isimo yokulondoloza imvelo njalo asetshenziselwa ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe yesimanje ngokudubula lezinto zemvelo nge mkhathi.

Ingcebo yemvelo esiqiwini

Njengazo zonke kodwa zibe sebuthweni lezokuvikela esifundeni Central Black Earth, it has a nezilwane ocebile kakhulu. Sihlanganisa emaqeleni enyakatho kanye edlelweni, kanye oki.

Abacwaningi wancika insimu yalo okungaphezu kokukodwa inkulungwane namakhulu amabili namashumi semithambo izitshalo, kuhlanganise ezingavamile ngisho Red. Cishe 86 zezitshalo kuthiwa zisengozini yokuqothulwa, ngakho Ukuvikelwa yabo kubalulekile futhi abalulekile.

Mayelana 25 amahektha usesikhundleni izimila relict. Indima ebalulekile embusweni engokwemvelo Reserve ufeza shrub siluhlaza ezinjalo, daphne njengendlela ingulube. Kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-iziqhingi zingatholakala asemaqeleni uhlaza eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene. Kukhona kuphela mushroom-macromycetes zikhona mayelana 200. Abakwazi ngisho ibonakale ngokubona okubonakala ngeso lenyama.

emhlabeni isilwane

Rich nezilwane ezihlukahlukene izakhamuzi Reserve. Lihlala izinhlobo ijwayeleke kakhulu ezindaweni kweqhwa zemvelo. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona mayelana 50 zezilwane ezincelisayo.

35 zinhlobo inhlanzi, 10 - eziphila emanzini nasezweni, futhi 5 - ezihuquzelayo. Cishe 200 zama-izicabucabu, ezinye zazo uhlala ezindaweni asemaqeleni we inqolobane, kanye nazo zonke ezinye - egama ihlathi. Lapha ungakwazi ukuhlangabezana cishe izinkulungwane ezine zama-izinambuzane.

Njengoba ayezalelwe eKursk Reserve - inyamazane. Kuyinto ukuqhosha ngokuvakashela ikhadi we eKursk esifundeni. Roe izinyamazane atholakala kuphela kwezinye izindawo kulendawo yemvelo. Kukhona futhi siphilele ezimanakanaka ehlala emgodini, nonogwaja, izimbila, Martens, izimpungushe. ungulates abaningi, ikakhulukazi izingulube zasendle ukuthi ukukhuthalele okusakazwa ngaphansi kwesivikelo umuntu futhi ngenxa ukuvinjelwa ukuzingela esiqiwini. Nokho, lapho ziphazamisa ibhalansi yemvelo, inani labo liye alawule umuntu. Ngokufanayo, zivela nezimpisi, ukuthi kukhona emahlathini evikelwe yokukhosela ephephile.

Izinyoni eKursk reserve

Bangaphezu kuka-220 izinhlobo zezinyoni bukhoma ku esingamahektare ezakha Reserve wemathando. Lihlala mayelana 80% azo zonke izinyoni ezihlala kule ndawo eKursk esifundeni. Kulaba, 90 zezinyoka isidleke lapha.

Inani elikhulu partridges bukhoma futhi izigwaca, okuyinto kwaphoqa abantu abasuka kwezinye izindawo, lapho eqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa ezolimo. Fly eziningi amakhilomitha futhi Swallows amahlolamvula. Kulezi zindawo bathola indawo yokuhlala nokudla.

Ngo-June, cishe kuyo yonke isinyathelo ungezwa Trill odumile eKursk nightingale, okuyinto ngisho ukunikezela iculo ne-ballads. Ngo emaqeleni nokuhlabelela larks flying, ngokuvamile atholakala amanqe, oklebe futhi buzzards.

Lapha-ke uhlala futhi inyoni ezingavamile zezinyamazane - Honey Buzzard kusukela oda Falconiformes.

ucwaningo lwesayensi

Esiqiwini siphela inqwaba ososayensi abenza ucwaningo ehlukahlukene. Isihloko kakhulu ucwaningo kuyinto walandisa observation cwaningo kwezinqubo ezingokwemvelo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuqapha isimo sezulu, inhlabathi, endaweni, flora nezilwane ezihlukahlukene, wonke umbuso isilwane. Ahlanganise nokugcina ikhalenda elinembile bemvelo.

Phakathi nangemva kweminyaka eminingi iSoviet Union iwa eKursk abacwaningi baye basebenza kungekho ezingatheli kuka e kwamaSoviet. imiklamo yocwaningo Bangaphezu kuka-30 eziye zasungulwa. Nawa sasesiqhutshelwa umkhuba abafundi baseyunivesithi, ezivela eRussia hhayi kuphela. Coming ososayensi abasha base-Austria, neSweden kanye neSwitzerland. Futhi unesithakazelo inkinga zomhlaba abamnyama kule lane maphakathi.

IRed incwadi

Mhlawumbe impumelelo enkulu kakhulu abacwaningi - hlobo Red egwalweni eKursk esifundeni. Kwakuyoba khona ngenxa iminyaka eminingi emsebenzini futhi amashumi lokuyoshumayela. Incwadi ikhombisa yonke izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ukuthi zingatholakala ensimini ka esiqiwini.

Namuhla, umsebenzi uyaqhubeka. Bhuka manje abasebenzi ukusebenza olusha lwencwadi Encwadi Red, okuzobe ahlanganisa izinto ezintsha kanye ucwaningo. Njalo eshicilelwe iqoqo yesayensi ezingokoqobo of "Studies in the Red Data egwalweni eKursk esifundeni."

Kushicilelwe wokulandisa ekhethekile enikelwe kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile we eKursk esifundeni.

Eco-tourism

Ngo eKursk Reserve ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni eco-tourism. Minyaka yonke ke evakashela mayelana 3 nengxenye izivakashi eziyinkulungwane. Kubo, kukhona izinto eziningi ezithakazelisayo futhi eyingqayizivele.

Okokuqala, it is a Museum of nature. Lunikeza ziphephile ngu-250. Kukhona igumbi ezivamile, ositshela ngomlando ukudalwa esiqiwini, abantu amela lwaluvelaphi, kanye uchaza nendawo esikuyo ihlukaniswe. Egumbini yesibili ungathola kangcono izici of isimo sezulu sendawo nenhlabathi. Wesithathu owethula izilwane nezitshalo. Ikamelo wesine kugcinelwe esiqiwini ekhiqizwa amaphepha isayensi kanye zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele.

Okwesibili, ungaya kanye ezindleleni semvelo. Izivakashi ungavakashela "Streletskaya isinyathelo" noma "Grove Engcwele".

Okwesithathu, kukhona futhi ezikhangayo yabo zomlando namasiko. Lezi zihlanganisa itshe ebaziwe XI leminyaka, ebizwa ngokuthi "owesifazane itshe". Futhi okwamanje izinkulungwane imifanekiso eqoshiwe, okuvela ngazo mlando esukela emuva ekhulwini le-17. La statues zafakwa ku-mgwaqo ukuze ibonisa inkomba indlela. "Stone abesifazane" zazibhekwa njengendawo onkulunkulu, bakhuleka futhi amenzele imihlatshelo okhokho bethu.