Izindiza engela zokuhlasela - kuyini?

I rectilinear ovundlile indiza izindiza engela zokuhlasela kwanda elandayo isivinini Ngokufaka izindiza lift amandla, okuyinto kudala iphiko. Nokho, okwandisa ukumelana naso futhi kwenze inductance. I-engeli zokuhlasela indiza okhonjiswe incwadi YesiGreki "-alpha" futhi kusho engela esemgwaqweni phakathi isiqondiso iphiko kuzithinta futhi komoya izinga.

Wing nokusakaza

Bangaki izindiza emhlabeni, ubuso eziningi kangaka izindiza ungomunye izingozi njalo kakhulu futhi esabekayo - ulahla ibe tailspin, ngoba engela ekuhlaseleni izindiza lingaphezulu kwenani ezibucayi. Khona-ke bushelelezi ukugeleza komoya phezu iphiko siyaphola, khuphula ancipha kakhulu. Ukubhidlika ngokuvamile kwenzeka kwenye iphiko, njengoba ukugoqa cishe ungalokothi izinhlangothi zazo ziyalingana. Kuyinto kule iphiko lendiza, uwela, futhi kahle, uma kwesibaya ngeke angene tailspin.

Kungani kukhona izimo ezinjalo lapho engela zokuhlasela ukwanda izindiza kunani ezibucayi? Noma isivinini ilahlekile noma ikhuluma kakhulu ogcwele kakhulu izindiza. Nokho kungase kwenzeke, uma ukuphakama inkulu kakhulu futhi eduze "uphahla" amathuba. Ngokuvamile lona wamuva Kwenzekani lapho kukhasa phezu namafu emvula. ingcindezi Dynamic emachibini okusezingeni eliphezulu siphansi, umkhumbi iba engazinzile ngaphezulu, kanye engela ezibucayi zokuhlasela indiza kungase kwandise angesabi.

Aviation amasosha nezakhamuzi

Isimo esichazwe ngenhla ejwayelene kakhulu abashayeli bezindiza izindiza ezikwazi ukuphenduphenduka, ikakhulukazi fighters onokwazi theory kanye nakho ngokwanele ukuba aphume noma yimuphi isimo plan onjalo. Kodwa okushiwo zalesi simo - a kungokomzimba wo, ngakho kuvamile kubo bonke izindiza, zonke izinhlobo, bonke osayizi kanye nganoma iyiphi injongo. Passenger izindiza musa fly ngesivinini aphansi kakhulu, futhi sinamandla aqondisa ngabo, futhi, kungukuthi enikeziwe. pilot Yomphakathi ngokuvamile kakhulu akakwazi ukubhekana nesimo, lapho engela ekuhlaseleni ephikweni izindiza iba ezibucayi.

Kuthathwa simo esingavamile, uma umkhumbi umgibeli ngokuzumayo ilahlekelwa isivinini, eqinisweni, abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinto ngokuvamile kungenzeka. Kodwa akukho. Ukuprakthiza basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle ebonisa ukuthi lena akuyona ngisho kakhulu ezingavamile, lapho kwesibaya izophela inhlekelele kanye nokufa kwabantu abaningi. pilot Yomphakathi awakulungele kahle ukubhekana isimo indiza. Kodwa kwathatha spin ingavinjelwa uma engela kuhlasela indiza ngesikhathi yamukelwa-off akubi ezibucayi. Ngezinye kwaleli chibi ukwenza cishe ayikho into engenakwenzeka.

izibonelo

Kwasekusithi inhlekelele elafika ne izindiza TU-154 ngezinye izikhathi ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, e Kazakhstan, lapho umkhumbi incishisiwe ukwehluleka mode, umshayeli akazange ayeke ukudonsa isondo ngokwayo, zizama ukumisa ukwehla. Umkhumbi kwakufanele sithathelwe indawo yizinto okuphambene! Wehlisa ekhaleni ukuze uthole ngesivinini. Kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho kuwa emhlabathini umshayeli ukuthi ayizange igcwaliseke. Cishe Kwenzeka into efanayo eduze Irkutsk eduze laseDonetsk. Futhi, A-310 eduze Kremenchug Uzame sithole engamamitha lapho kuyadingeka ukuze kutholakale ijubane futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi sebenzisa lesikali ye-engeli zokuhlasela indiza.

Lifting amandla ezivezwa elandayo ukugeleza izinga okuyinto notshwala phezu phezulu iphiko ngesikhathi ukugeleza isilinganiso ngezansi iphiko. Ukusakaza high speed kukora, ingcindezi kancane laphaya. Ingcindezi umehluko lundiza nangaphansi iphiko - okungukuthi, bephakamisa amandla. izindiza engela zokuhlasela - inkomba yokuthi indiza evamile.

Okufanele ukwenze

Uma umkhumbi kungazelelwe iya ebhange kwesokudla, umshayeli kuqeda amasondo ayo kuya kwesokunxele, ngokumelene roll. Ngakho aileron iphiko ku console is baphambukile bathele engela kuhlasela kwandisa lapho unyathela amabhuleki ukusakaza emoyeni futhi senyusa izinga lomfutho womoya. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phezu iphiko, ukugeleza yanda futhi kunciphisa ingcindezi lundiza. Futhi phezu iphiko kwesokudla ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona nomphumela ohlukile. Aileron - kuze kunciphe engela kuhlasela futhi lift. Futhi isitsha ngaphandle roll.

Kodwa uma engela ekuhlaseleni izindiza (lokubikezela, isibonelo) iseduze ezibucayi, ukuthi likhulu kakhulu, akunakwenzeka ukuba wenqabe aileron phansi, bese bushelelezi komoya kuyaphazamiseka, seziqala ashwibeka. Futhi lokhu kwesibaya ngokucijile uzibambela komoya izinga futhi kakhulu kwandisa ingcindezi lundiza. Phakamisa ngokushesha zicekela phansi, ngenkathi elinye iphiko, konke kulungile. Umehluko e lift roll kwandisa kuphela. Umshayeli wendiza wayefuna okuhle kakhulu ... Kodwa umkhumbi kuqala ukunqabela, ukuya Ukujikeleza e spin nokuwa.

Indlela ukungena

Mayelana engela izindiza zokuhlasela "ngoba Dummies" etshela eziningi odokotela bamabhanoyi, ngisho Mikoyan wabhala okuningi ngalo. Ngomqondo onabile, yonke into ilula: wesimethri ephelele e ukugeleza komoya is akubone, kodwa ngoba ngisho ngaphandle ebhange engenzeka ukuphazamiseka ukugeleza komoya, bese iphiko kuphela eyodwa. Abantu Sikude kakhulu ukuzanywa, kodwa abazi imithetho physics, uzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi yini le engela ekuhlaseleni izindiza saba bucayi.

isiphetho

Manje kulula ukwenza isiphetho elula eliyisisekelo: uma engela kuhlasela mkhulu ngesivinini ongaphakeme, ayikwazi, ngokuphelele akakwazi simelane ailerons roll. Wasusa isondo Ukujikeleza (eselishova). Kungenjalo, kulula liyochukuluza tailspin. Uma kwesibaya sisekhona, ukuze ngokuthini kulokhu isimo bayakwazi ngomkhumbi kuphela abashayeli bezindiza wezempi, abantu abangekho empini enjalo ayifundisi, they bhibha imithetho eqinile kakhulu eqine.

A isidingo sokufunda! Ngemva ukuphahlazeka indiza ihlale bahlolisisa ngokucophelela amarekhodi izingxoxo we "amabhokisi amnyama". Futhi ngangingakaze endlwaneni eyakhiwe indiza yaphahlazeka endaweni tailspin akuzwakali "isondo kude nawe!", Yize lokhu kungenzeka kuphela wensindiso. Futhi "unyawo ngokumelene ebhange!" It akazange umsindo kakhulu. Abashayeli of civil aviation izimo ezinjalo azilungile.

Kungani lokhu kwakwenzeka

Passenger izindiza ezenzakalelayo cishe ngokuphelele, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile kwenza kube lula ngerherho izenzo. Ikakhulukazi kumayelana sezulu esibi futhi ezizishaya ebusuku. Nokho, Yileso ingozi enkulu. Uma uhlelo phansi ukusebenzisa akunakwenzeka, uma wenqaba okungenani oyedwa node ohlelweni othomathikhi ke udinga ukusebenzisa control manual. Kodwa abashayeli bezindiza ejwayele ezishintshayo, is kancane kancane emakhono ukuzanywa "elidala indlela usuphelelwe", ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezinzima. Phela, ngisho simulators ngabo asethwe okuzenzakalelayo imodi.

Ngenxa yokukhubazeka zenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, e Zurich indiza kuhlulekile umhlaba kahle idrayivu. Isimo sezulu incane khona, futhi umshayeli taxied hhayi ishayisane izihlahla. Konke kwafa. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi lokhu imishini kubangela Itafula endaweni tailspin. Sasilokhu njalo emelene nolwazi roll usebenzisa ailerons, ukuthi, ukwenza lokho angeke kwenziwe ngaphansi usongo ungaziki. Ngezinye engeli okusezingeni eliphezulu zokuhlasela sasilokhu kufanele kuvulwe ngokushesha.

izenzo Isibonelo sasilokhu

Sasilokhu ilimaza hhayi kuphela ekuqaleni kwesibaya, kodwa bheke indiza kusukela spin. Isibonelo salokhu kungaba ukukhonza njengendlela icala Akhtubinsk, lapho esihle lempi test umshayeli Alexander Kuznetsov waphoqeleka ukuba ukukhipha, futhi eqaphela kwenzenjani. Wahlasela umgomo ne sasilokhu esitshalweni uma yehlelwa tailspin. Kabili wakwazi ukumisa ukujikeleza indiza, kodwa ngenkani sasilokhu aileron ukusetshenziswa, futhi ukujikeleza ebuyiselwa.

izinkinga ezifanayo lapho njalo iphakame mayelana ukusabalala wonke we zahlelwa ukuzilawula ngokuzenzekelayo indiza, kuba Ochwepheshe bendawo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi civil aviation angaphandle ukhathazekile kakhulu. Elibamba izingqungquthela international futhi imibuthano enikelwe ukuphepha kwendiza, okuyinto ngokuqinisekile kubonisa ukuthi amatilosi baqeqeshiwe ekuphathweni ndiza encane nge ngezinga eliphezulu of ezishintshayo. Eza aphume simo esidabukisayo kuphela uma umshayeli has a ukukhalipha siqu futhi amasu omuhle ukuzanywa mathupha.

Amaphutha njalo kakhulu

Ngisho okuzenzakalelayo, okuyinto ifakwe umkhumbi okaputeni babevame musa qonda. Ngo-40% indiza izingozi ke waba nendima (30% wabo iqedwe inhlekelele). E-United States baqala bufakazi nokungezwani ku-pilot ne izindiza ezishintshayo okusezingeni eliphezulu, futhi kakade ziye zanqwabelana ikhathalogi. Isikhathi esining impela, bandisa alimazanga iphuzu ukwehluleka umshini futhi yayisiziqondisa sasilokhu zonke.

Kubi ilawula futhi isimo isivinini namandla, ngoba lokhu isimo ingagciniwe. Abanye abashayeli bezindiza abaqapheli ukuthi kuka uyekile kulandisa kungenzeka kunembile. Kuyadingeka ukulawula indlela zendiza, umshayeli ophazanyiswa uHlelo uhlelo ezenzakalelayo. Futhi namanje amaphutha amaningi olunje. Izinto ezenziwa abantu - 62% bonke sina ezingozi.

Incazelo "phezu iminwe"

Yini okungukuthi engela ekuhlaseleni izindiza cishe kakade azi konke, futhi ukubaluleka lo mqondo fana aware of abantu abangekho okuhlobene zezindiza. Nokho, ingabe zikhona? Uma kukhona, bona basezweni lincane kakhulu. Fly ezinye izindiza cishe konke! Yebo, cishe zonke bayesaba fly. Othile uhlangabezana ngaphakathi, futhi othile ebhodini iwela hysterics ngesikhathi isiyaluyalu kancane.

Mhlawumbe, kuyoba kudingekile ukutshela abagibeli mayelana imiqondo eyisisekelo kunazo ezihlobene izindiza. Ngemva engela ezibucayi zokuhlasela indiza lena akuyona neze lokho isimo ababhekene naso, futhi kungcono uma bayoziqonda. Ungakwazi ngikufundise sezikhonzi indiza ukuze adlulisele ulwazi olufanele, lungiselela umfanekiso okuhambisanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, zisitshela ukuthi akukho yokuzizwa ingelutho njengoba lift. Vele alikho. Zonke izimpukane ngokusebenzisa umoya amandla umoya ukumelana! i uhambo okunjalo ukuba nemithetho yesayensi abakwazi kuphela ezicezile indiza yokwesaba, kodwa futhi isithakazelo.

Angle zokuhlasela inzwa

Le ndiza nakanjani ube idivayisi olukwazi uzingela engela iphiko kanye Ukuhamba ovundlile. Lokho leli thuluzi, lapho kuncike inhlalakahle indiza, kukhona okungenani ku isithombe ukukhombisa abagibeli. Lokhu inzwa onganquma okufanele ngabe ekhaleni izindiza ifuna phezulu noma phansi. Uma engela ezibucayi zokuhlasela, injini amandla akwanele ukuqhubeka indiza, kodwa ngoba kukhona Itafula ku Iphiko lelinye.

Kungenzeka futhi kulula ngempela ukuchaza: Nale inzwa, ungabona engela phakathi izindiza kanye phansi. Imigqa kufanele kube kuhambisana indiza ukuba ukuphakama olutholakele njengomuntu ukunciphisa kusadingeka isikhathi. Futhi uma uhamba agudle phansi ivame ukuba umjeje ungenisa ngokwengqondo kanye indiza, kuvela ekhoneni, okuthiwa i-engeli zokuhlasela. Ngaphandle-ke, futhi, azisebenzi, ngoba indiza i-engela suka futhi umhlaba. Kodwa ezibucayi kuye azinakwenzeka. Ngalokho kufanele sikhulume. Futhi lokhu akuyona yonke kukhona ukwazi abagibeli izindiza.