Ubungcwele ... Ubungcwele obu-Orthodoxy

Izipho iNkosi azinikezela ngayo abakhethiweyo bakhe zihluke kakhulu, futhi njengoba ubungcwele ngokuyinhloko kubonakala kubantu, lo mbono uhlanganisa izinhlobo eziningi. Ngenxa yokuthi ngokobuKristu ubuKristu buhlukaniswe ngezindlela eziningana, kuzo zonke izinkomba zabo, okungukuthi, ukukhazimuliswa komunye nomunye ongcwele kaNkulunkulu ebusweni babangcwele, kunezici ezithile.

Abangcwele nabangcwele

Umqondo wobungcwele waqala ukusetshenziswa ekuqaleni kobuKristu. Khona-ke okhokho beTestamente Elidala, abaprofethi, kanye nabaphostoli nabafel 'ukholo, abamukela ukuhlupheka nokufa egameni likaKristu, babhekiselwa kulolu hlobo. Esikhathini esilandelayo, lapho ubuKristu buba inkolo kahulumeni, ababusi abathandekayo, amakhosi, izikhulu nabanye abaningi bangena kwinani labo.

Ubungcwele bobu-Orthodox uhlelo olubolewe eByzantium futhi lwathola eRussia ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo, ngokusho ukuthi abangcwele bakaNkulunkulu, abaphawulwa kakhulu ngezipho Zakhe kanye nezenzo zabo ezifanelwe ukuxhaswa, bahlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana, noma izigaba. Lesi sigaba sinemibandela kakhulu, kusukela ezinsukwini zobomi basemhlabeni umongameli angase adume ngamaphuzu ahlukahlukene.

Abafundi bakaKristu abazuza ubungcwele

Ukubaluleka kuloluhlu oluhloniphekile ngokujwayelekile lunikezwa abaphostoli - abafundi abaseduze kakhulu nabalandeli bakaJesu Kristu, abanikezwa yizipho ezikhethekile zokushumayela iZwi likaNkulunkulu, ukuphulukisa ukuhlupheka, ukuxosha amademoni ngisho nokuvusa abafileyo. Ngemva kokuthatha umsebenzi omkhulu wokusakaza ubuKristu, cishe bonke sebeqede ukuphila kwabo ngokufa komfel 'ukholo.

Kusukela eVangelini, sifunda ukuthi ukuze akhonze iBandla eladalile, uJesu wabiza abafundi bakhe abayishumi nambili abaseduze, kodwa kamuva bahlangana nabanye abakhethiweyo abangamashumi ayisikhombisa, kanye nomphostoli uPawulu. Zonke zazo zilungiswa ngezinga labaphostoli abangcwele. Ubungcwele babaphostoli buyimvelo ekhethekile, ngoba yayiqinisekisiwe nguJesu Kristu uqobo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi phakathi nekhulu leminyaka lesithathu, okungukuthi, ngisho nangaphambi kokunqoba kobuKristu phezu kwebuqaba, izinkonzo zikaNkulunkulu zenziwa ngenhlonipho, futhi ngekhulu lesithupha iholide yendawo yonke yasungulwa.

Umlando wobuKrestu ubuyawazi namagama woke uchungechunge lwe-ascetics oluthola udumo ngokusabalalisa ubuKrestu hlangana neenarha ezibandlululwa ebuhedeni. Njengoba besenkonzweni yabo babefana nabaphostoli, bakhazimuliswa yiSonto ngesigaba sabaphostoli abalinganayo ngakho-ke benza isigaba esihlukile. Ubungcwele babo buyisisekelo sokukhanyiselwa kwabantu ngokukhanya kweqiniso likaKristu.

Abangcwele beenkathi zangaphambi kobuKristu

Lezi zigaba ezimbili ezilandelayo zabangcwele - abaprofethi kanye nokhokho, okukhulunywe ngabo kulesi sihloko, beza kithi bevela eTestamente Elidala. Kubokuqala kukhona abakhethiweyo, lapho iNkosi iphathise khona umsebenzi okhethekile wokudalula abantu intando yakhe, noma, ngamanye amazwi, ukuprofetha. ESontweni Lama - Orthodox, ukuhlelwa okunye kokukhulekela kwabo kusungulwa, futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngonyaka (ikakhulukazi ngoDisemba) zizinikezelwe ekukhunjweni komunye wabo.

IThestamente Elidala ihlanganisa izincwadi eziningana zabaprofethi, ukubaluleka okukhethekile okungukuthi ziqukethe ukubikezela mayelana nokubonakala okungenakugwenywa ezweni likaMesiya, wathumela ukukhulula abantu esiqalekisweni sesono sokuqala. Ukubaluleka kwalaba bangcwele kuhle kakhulu ukuthi omunye wabo, umprofethi u-Isaya, owayehlala ekhulwini le-8 BC, ubizwa ngokuthi "umshumayeli wesihlanu."

Phakathi kokhokho kukhona okhokho bethu ababelethi ababehlala ezikhathini zeTestamente Elidala, kanye nabazali beNdodanakazi Ebusisiwe uMoya oNgcwele, uJoachim no-Anna, okuthiwa yizikhonzi zikaNkulunkulu. Ubungcwele babo buwumphumela wezenzo ezaba nomthelela ekufikeni ezweni likaMesiya, owaletha insindiso kubantu abavela ekufeni okuphakade.

Abaphumeleli abaNgcwele bamaPhostoli

Ukuvela emhlabeni iNdodana kaNkulunkulu kwanikela amandla ekubukeni kwebutho elikhulu labangcwele ababa ngabahluleli kubaphostoli futhi bahola imiphakathi yamaKristu. Lawo mabhishobhi, abesebenza emazingeni aphakeme kakhulu enkonzo yomfundisi, abonise isibonelo sokuzinikela okuphakeme nokuzidela, isonto seliye lakhazimulisa ngesigaba sabangcwele iminyaka emibili.

Babandakanya inqwaba yamabhishobhi, ababhishobhi abakhulu, amadolobha amakhulu kanye nezinzalamizi, abanikela ekuqiniseni ukholo nangokuphikisana nokuphikisana nokuhlubuka. Isibonelo esihle kakhulu sabaphathi bamasonto yiSt. Nicholas uMmangalisa, uJohn Chrysostom, uGregory uMfundisi wezeMfundiso yenkolo nabanye abaningi.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ukulunga nokuzinikela, okuvezwe yizinceku zikaNkulunkulu, kuvame ukuvuzwa ngezipho ezithunyelwe ezivela phezulu, enye yazo ikwazi ukwenza izimangaliso. Yingakho, ngenkathi efunda izimpilo zabangcwele abaningi, umuntu angathola izincazelo zezimangaliso ezidalwa zona. Njengomthetho, lokhu kungukuphulukiswa kwabagulayo, ukuvuswa kwabafileyo, ukubikezelwa kwekusasa kanye nokususwa kwezakhi zemvelo.

Abafel 'ukholo bakaKristu

Isigaba esikhethekile sinezigaba zobungcwele, ezixhunywe nokuhlupheka kukaKristu. Yibo labo, ngokuzimisela kwabo ukwamukela ukuhlushwa nokufa, befakazela ukholo ekunqobeni kweNdodana kaNkulunkulu phezu kokufa okuphakade. Abangcwele abahlobene naleli qembu elikhulu lihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana.

Labo abahlonishwa ukukhuthazelela ukuhlukunyezwa kunzima nakakhulu, bavame ukubizwa ngokuthi abaMartyrs abakhulu (abangcwele - iPelentimon, uGeorge onqobayo, uMartyrrr Great Great Varvara). Uma umuntu onjalo ngokuzikhethela engumabhishobhi noma umpristi, ke ubizwa ngokuthi umfel 'ukholo ongcwele (uHermogene, u-Ignatius uMthwali kaNkulunkulu). Umonikazi, owamukela ukuhlukumeza nokufa ngenxa yokholo lukaKristu, udunyiswa ngezinga labaMartyrs (uMdunkulu Omkhulu u-Elizabeth Fedorovna). Kukhona nesigaba sabafel 'ukholo. Kuhlanganisa nalabo abamukela ukufa nokuhlushwa ezandleni zabafowabo ngokholo (izikhulu ezingcwele uBoris noGleb).

Ubungcwele, ozalwa ngeziphepho zekhulu lama-20

Umhlangano wabafel 'ukholo abangama-Orthodox wanda kakhulu ekhulwini lama-XX, iningi lawo elaba yinkathi yokushushiswa kwesonto, elidlula ebubini balo okwakudingeka likhuthaze emakhulwini okuqala yobuKristu. Lesi sikhathi sibonisa umhlaba wonke umlayezo wabantu abafel 'ukholo futhi abavumile abavame ukuhlupheka ngenxa yokuphindaphindiwe, kepha abazange balahle ukholo lwabo.

Kwabavuma ukuthi labo abaqhubeka nokumemezela ngokukhululekile (ukuvuma) ukholo, naphezu kokusongelwa kwejele ngisho nokufa. Ngokungafani nabafel 'ukholo, laba bantu babulawa ngokubulawa kobudlova, kodwa noma kunjalo babhekene noshushiso olunzima. Ubungcwele babo bubonakaliso bokulungela ukuzidela.

Izibonelo zezimpahla ezinjalo zigcwele cishe yonke amashumi eminyaka ekubuseni kukaNkulunkulu eRussia. Izigaba ezingenhla zingabuye zichazwe njengezingxenye zobungcwele ezihlobene ngqo nokuhlupheka kukaKristu, ngoba abangcwele abakhazimulisiwe kubo, ukuhlupheka, bafaniswa noMsindisi.

Abangcwele, empilweni njengezingelosi

Ngokuqhubekayo ukukhuluma ngezigaba zobungcwele, umuntu kufanele abize isigaba esibanzi kakhulu, lapho labo abaye baba yiziqu zokuphila baba yinkonzo yobuhle. Njengoba sebeqede indlela yasemhlabeni, badunyiswa ebusweni babangcwele.

Lesi simo esiphakeme yisithembiso sokuthi, njengoba belahle izwe elingenalutho kanye nokuziqhenya kwabo ngokwabo ekuhambeni kwezinkanuko, baba njengobomi, okungukuthi, baba njengezingelosi zikaNkulunkulu. Abahlali babo bahlotshiswe ngamagama wabangcwele uSergius waseRadonezh, uSeraphim waseSarov, Theophanes the Recluse nabanye abaningi.

Abaphathi abaningi abathembekile

ISonto Lama-Orthodox lihlonipha lezo zinsizwa, ezazisesandleni esiphakeme, zasisebenzisa ukuqinisa ukholo nomsebenzi wesihe. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwabo, zibalwa phakathi kwabathembekile. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa amakhosi, amakhosikazi, izikhulu namakhosazanazana.

Lesi siko safika eRussia evela eByzantium, lapho ababusi babamba iqhaza empilweni yebandla futhi babe namandla amakhulu ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibaluleke kakhulu zenkolo. Namuhla abantu abaningi bajwayelene nezithombe ezibonisa izikhulu ezithembekile uDmitry Donskoy, u-Alexander Nevsky noDaniel waseMoscow, obuso bakhe buhlotshiswe nge-halo - uphawu lwezingcwele.

Abalungile nabangenandaba nesikhundla sezingelosi

Ukulunga kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphila kukaSaint, kepha ngisho phakathi kwabo kukhona labo abaphumelele ngokukhethekile kulobu buhle futhi babeke isibonelo sokukhulisa inzalo yabo. Zihlanganisiwe ezikhundleni ezihlukile futhi zikhazimulisiwe ebusweni babalungile. Isonto laseRashiya liyazi amagama amaningi kangaka - uJohn olungileyo waseKronstadt, uStephen of Omsk no-Alexy (Mechev). Bangabuye babe ngabalingani, isibonelo u-Admiral Ushakov noSimeon Verkhotury.

Umphumela owodwa wokulunga yisidingo sokukhonza okungenabugovu kubantu. Abangcwele, abahlobisa izimpilo zabo nalokhu, kuthiwa bangenakunqunywa futhi bahlanganisa iqembu elizimele. Lezi zihlanganisa ikakhulukazi odokotela abavuma isimiso esithi "wonke amathalenta anikezwa nguNkulunkulu, futhi kufanele asetshenziswe ekukhazimuliseni kwakhe."

Umninimzi wabo ungenakulinganiswa, futhi akekho umuntu ongazange azwe amagama wabangcwele abanjalo njenge-Pantachedimon engakafiki noma uKosma noDemian. Babuye baneliswe ngendlela ehlonishwa ngayo abafel 'ukholo, okuyinto evamile kakhulu, lapho ongcwele ofanayo ekhazimulisa uNkulunkulu ngezidakamizwa ezihlukahlukene.

Abahlehlisiwe nabashaywayo ababethelwe iqiniso likaNkulunkulu

Futhi ekugcineni, esinye isigaba, esingamakhulu eminyaka esijabulela udumo olukhethekile eRussia, sibusisiwe. Leli fomu lobubungcweti alijwayelekile kakhulu futhi ngezindlela eziningi lihluke kakhulu. Ebusisiwe, noma, ngamanye amazwi, iziwula eziyingcwele, eRussia kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo zibizwa ngokuthi labo, abazungeze ukungena kwangaphandle, bazinyathela zonke izindinganiso zomhlaba ezivamile, kuhlanganise nokuzinikela kwangaphandle kokuzidela.

Ngokuvamile ukuziphatha kwabo kwakushukumisa kakhulu kangangokuthi kusukela ohlangothini lwabanye abazange bahlaselwe kuphela ukuthukwa nokuhlazeka, kodwa nokushaya. Nokho, ekugcineni, ukuzithoba okunjalo nokuhlupheka ngokuzithandela kubonakala sengathi kulandela isibonelo sikaKristu. Phakathi kwabangcwele baseRussia ebusweni babusisiwe abantu abangaphezu kwezingamashumi amabili badunyiswa, okudumile kunawo wonke uBasil the Blessed, Xenia wasePetersburg no-Andrew of Constantinople.

Lona kanye igama elithi "ubungcwele", ngaphandle kwencazelo engokwenkolo kuphela, kuvame ukusetshenziswa emphakathini wezwe ukuchaza izinto nezinto ezidinga isimo sengqondo esenhlonipho nangenhlonipho. Ngesibindi, isibonelo, othile uzophikisana nobuqiniso bezinkulumo ezinjengokuthi "ubungcwele bomama" noma "inkumbulo engcwele yamaqhawe awile". Kulezi zibonelo, azikho izinkolelo ezingokwenkolo, kodwa noma kunjalo ukukhulunywa ngobungcwele kuhlale kuhlotshaniswa nokubonakaliswa kobukhulu nobumsulwa obungokomoya.