Ubuhlobo Phakathi Kukathisha Innovator. Professional uthisha izinga. uthisha ubuntu

On isihloko sokufundisa, ezibhaliwe amaphepha esayensi. Kunocwaningo njalo inqubo yemfundo ngesisekelo ukuthi iziphi kulezi zindlela entsha njalo, unikezwa izincomo zamanje. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubaluleka okukhulu kunikezwa ukutadisha izinkinga sokuthuthukisa amasiko umfundi ngamunye.

efanele

Abaningi izikole yesimanje cabanga umfundi njengendlela yokuthola okuyothi ngalo samuntu othisha evunyiwe izinhlelo kanye nezinhlelo, ezimweni eziningi, lokho akuhlangene nhlobo nalowo ngaye ziyasetshenziswa. Ngokungafani kulezi zikhungo, umfundi ngaphakathi esikoleni sezifundo umelwe isihloko ukuthuthukiswa. Inqubo yokufunda kusekelwe inhlonipho nobuntu ngamunye ngokusekelwe izidingo zakhe, izithakazelo kanye nemigomo yakhe. Ngakho, izimo zemvelo akhiwa, ezithinta umphumela ozuzisayo kakhulu ingane. Iqhaza kothisha kulesi sikole kuyehla hhayi kuphela ukulungiselela abafundi okuphila kwesikhathi esizayo emphakathini, kodwa futhi ukuba ngokugcwele ukuphila esigabeni ngasinye ezikhulayo (, ubusha). Esigabeni ngasinye amakhono engqondo bangeniswa umfundi akhawunti.

Indima uthisha yesimanje

Le ndlela esetshenziswe esikoleni neyobuntu, manje ukukhishelwa isakhiwo jikelele lezemfundo ezweni lakithi. Kuzoba isikhathi eside ngaphambi indlela basebenzisane uyoguqulwa abalulekile. ngokukhethekile kufanele kube isici uthisha. Ngaphakathi uhlelo jikelele, ngamunye uthisha umuntu unelungelo ukuthatha izenzo ezihlose ukwakha ingokomoya wengane. Ubuntu thishela wabeka isibonelo umusa, isihawu, ukulahlwa zokuziphatha. Nokho, ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa etholwe ulwazi ekilasini ekuxhumaneni nsuku zonke nezwe ngaphandle kunzima ukuqonda umfundi athole ulwazi. Ngakho-ke, abantu ezizungezile, kuhlanganise abazali, othisha kumele ukufundisa ingane ngokomoya yezifiso zakhe. Kulokhu, lo izimfanelo ezibalulekile professional nguthishela. Mfundisi ngesisekelo ulwazi theory ne practical kunganikeza ingane ulwazi oludingekayo.

Ezemfundo ku amagugu obuntu

Eyodwa yezindlela ethandwa kakhulu, okuyinto umsunguli VA Karakovsky, owesekelwe phezu kwabantu:

1. Land - isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ukuphila wazo zonke izinto eziphilayo.

2. Umkhaya - emjikelezweni abaseduze, ube nethonya elikhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubuntu.

3. Homeland ahlukile umuntu ngamunye. Ihlukaniswe yaba jikelele (isimo) futhi ongaphakeme (onqenqemeni endaweni). inqubo yokufunda yenzeka ngendlela Ukufunda umlando zensimu.

4. Umsebenzi zako ezihlukahlukene (engokwengqondo, engokomzimba).

5. Isiko, izinhlobo zayo, izakhiwo, ukubaluleka ukuthi kuletha ekuthuthukiseni abantu.

6. Izwe indima yomuntu kwi-ke.

Ezemfundo ku kwamasiko izifundo indlela

Le nqubo kusekelwe ulwazi ngamasiko. isiko Universal ubonakala umkhiqizo eliphakeme ikhiqizwa yisintu. Izinkomba main yokufunda ububanzi umfundi umbono, ikhono lolwati ezingeni lezwe lakhe. Umbandela main sokuthuthukisa umphakathi ophucukile izwe edala isiko ukuthi kudluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngamunye ophilayo ngabanye lo mphakathi, ebonakala umsebenzi wokudala. Esikoleni, nokufunda kuyenzeka nemiqondo eyisisekelo isiko:

1. Kwakheka ikhono lokwamukela lolu lwazi ukuze aqhube ukusetshenziswa kwabo ukuphila.

2. Ukuthuthukisa ikhono ukusebenzisa lolu lwazi ukwakha on ngesisekelo kwabo into entsha.

3. Umuntu ifunda zisuse izenzakalo emhlabeni ngaphandle, ukwazi ukuthi ukuveza imizwa yabo, ukuxhumana nabanye abantu.

Ezemfundo ezikoleni Soviet

Yokujama tsi ku nomphakathi wamaSoviet, isici ngasekupheleni 70-80-yalolucwaningo, zashiya izibazi ohlelweni esikoleni. Kuyo zenzeka uthule Kutholwe amaphutha izinqubo zemfundo kanye kokufaneleka kakhulu zande iphutha jikelele kwesibalo kokuhlaziywa ukuqeqeshwa uthisha kanye zemfundo umsebenzi steel yohlobo olufanayo, omunye amazinga okhonzile zemfundo. ESoviet Union, kwakubikwa isitayela kobushiqela ka ukuphathwa Pedagogical.

Kuhlelwa kabusha kweluhlelo imfundo

Izinguquko ezidla sphere zemfundo eU.SSR yaqala ngo-1986. Kwenzeka ngenxa yokuzalwa nokubambisana pedagogy. abalobi Ezazimzungezile - othisha-izinto. Inqubo ekhona yemfundo ngalesi sikhathi zaphela. Kule ndaba, uthisha yaqala ukubonakala ebesifuna ukwethula kuwo ezinye emisha kanye nentuthuko. Kuye kwakushintsha hhayi kuphela ohlelweni lokufundisa, kodwa futhi ubuntu uthisha aluthola izinga entsha. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi emisha enqubeni yokufunda akuzange kwenzeke ngo yimuphi endaweni ethize, futhi kanyekanye emadolobheni amaningi futhi izifunda zezwe. Zagijima ngokushesha bamukela yonke imikhakha yemfundo, esikoleni eyinhloko kwiziphathimandla. Ngeminyaka embalwa nje, emisha is kabanzi kufakwe uquqaba ezweni lonke yathishela. It sekuyinkinga jikelele kanye ikuyo yonke indawo. Othisha-izinto babe bobudala obungefani. Omunye wabafundisi ababedume kakhulu owayesebenza ngesikhathi, kubhekwe SN Lysenkova, MP Schetinin, I. P. volkov, VF Shatalov nabanye. Ngenxa yokuhlangenwe nakho yayo ezinkulukazi esisebenzayo, baye asethuthukile uhlelo olusha okuhloswe ngalo ekushintsheni yonke le nqubo yokubethelwa esikole.

yokufunda okusha

VP Shatalov - uthisha nephayona - ebheka khona ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko yenqubo yokufunda iyona umsebenzi wokufundisa. Ngesikhathi abafundi kufanele uqale sakhele isisusa ukuze inqubo kokuzuza ulwazi, ilukuluku lakhe, ukukhomba izithakazelo nezidingo zabo, ukuthuthukisa umuzwa wesibopho ukufundisa obhekene umphumela wokugcina. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho ungakwazi ukuxazulula inkinga yesibili - zemfundo futhi ulwazi. Isici esiyinhloko yenqubo yokufunda kuyinqubo Shatalov inhlangano ecacile. kuncike cwaningo ngamunye basuke inikezwa inamba ethile kwaziwe yibo bonke abafundi. Kulolu cwaningo-ke kwenzeka algorithm efanayo:

- in the esigabeni sokuqala kufanele abe incazelo uthisha enemininingwane uhambisane a new indaba ephathwayo,

- at okokufaka yesibili izimpawu eliyisithenjwa enganikwa sihloko ngalifunda ifomu onomfutho;

- wokwehla esigabeni sesithathu iphutha inkomba poster osayizi emazingeni amashidi ukutadisha olunye;

- lesine kuhlanganisiwe sokusebenza ekhaya umfundi nge ebhukwinitifundvo futhi amashidi;

- isinyathelo yesihlanu lalinabashumayeli ekukhiqizweni isiginali reference izifundo okwalandela;

- e umfundi lesithupha waphendula yibhodi.

Ukumenyezelwa main theory Shatalov kwakungu cwaningo kokuqala impahla theory, okwathi ngemva kwalokho mkhuba. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iziphetho ezifanayo ngu nokucwaninga weza VV Davydov. VF Shatalov babekholelwa ukuthi ukujwayelaniswa indaba entsha kufanele esekelwe idatha elinganisiwe wathola. Kuphela kuleli cala, abafundi bazokwazi ukubona isithombe inqubo ngaphansi cwaningo kubo sisonke, hhayi wahlukanisa. Kulokhu, impumelelo ezuziwe ekuthuthukiseni sendikimba ezinkulu lifinyelele ukuthuthukiswa ngesivinini, kulandele uyahluleka uma elwa nokuphuza amaningi.

kungenzeka ingane

A ekhethekile yokusondela umfundi abaqhuba uthisha-Innovator Amonashvili. bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe iyona kwakuwuphawu lokholo e amakhono ingane ngayinye. impendulo uthisha kumele aqukethe hhayi kuphela umsebenzi wakhe imikhuba. Thishela kumele iyiphi ngeziphambeko kwengane kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele umphumela indlela engalungile ukuze yonke inqubo ukuqeqeshwa kwakhe. ukuhluleka umfundi Yemvelo okufanele zithathwe ngomoya ophansi, akufanele kube alole focus. Kulokhu, iqembu umbono eliphefumulelwe ikhono inqobe zonke izinkinga ezihambisana enqubweni yokufunda yonke.

Ukuthuthukiswa self-Umbono

E. N. ilin - uthisha-Innovator, uthisha imfundo izincwadi, umthuthukisi kwabaningi mihlahlandlela. uhlelo lakhe kusekelwe isimiso sesifundo somuntu reverse ngesihloko inikezwe. Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi njengoba isihloko, ngokusho kwakhe, athwala umsebenzi ngokuyinhloko zemfundo, bese kuphela yobuchopho. Lokhu uthisha-Innovator ayifakiwe izindlela zokufundisa, izindlela "yokwenziwa", okuyinto ngokuyisisekelo yangempela ngekhanda ngokwezwi nezwi ebhukwinitifundvo izihloko. Kunalokho, baye wethulwa ukhuthaze izindlela ukuqeqeshwa kuhloswe ngazo ukuthi kutholakale ingxenye okushiwo umfundi; ukuqaphela kanye ukucabanga lokufunda. Eziningi zalezi amasu ibibhekiswe umthelela imisebenzi ku isimo sengane ngokomzwelo. A lot of ukunakwa sakhokhwa ukuziphatha, inkulumo uthisha ekilasini. Ingxoxo kumele iqondiswe iqiniso lokuthi, ngemva kokufunda imisebenzi umfundi kwadingeka ithuba lokwakha imibono yabo mayelana nekutsi ulwazi olusha. Ngenxa yalokho, ingane eba ilukuluku, izoqala ukuba zitadishe izincwadi ezintsha. Nale ndlela, ukufunda abafundi kuphela, kodwa futhi uthisha wakhe.