Syndrome Hyperkinetic. ADHD syndrome. Izimpawu kanye Ukwelashwa

Hyperkinetic syndrome namuhla omunye iziyaluyalu ezivamile zokuziphatha ezinganeni kanye intsha. Ngokusho idatha ezihlukahlukene, le uphethwe imayelana 3 kuya ku-20% abafundi eza yokwamukela ukuze wezingane. Ukuze ukubonakaliswa emitholampilo kudidaniswe ukuziphatha okubi, ukukhathazeka noma izici uyisififane, njengoba omunye izimpawu zako ezisemqoka luyanda umsebenzi.

Nokho, ngenxa ezinye brilliant izici ochwepheshe Ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa ngalesi sifo. Sifunda izimpawu zayo nendlela nokwelapha-ADHD.

syndrome Hyperkinetic. Incazelo nekwenteka ezinganeni

Hyperkinetic syndrome - lokhu ingenye iziyaluyalu ezivamile kokuziphatha okwenzeka lapho umuntu esemncane. Njengezinye izifo eziningi ngokomzwelo, kubonakala umsebenzi ngokweqile nokukhathazeka. Futhi, ivamise ukubizwa ngokuthi ukungakwazi ukugxilisa hyperactivity disorder (ADHD ngamafitshane).

Ngokuvamile lokhu ukuhlukumeza kwenzeka ezinganeni ubudala wasesikoleni samabanga aphansi. Kusukela eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya kwabayishumi nambili, imvamisa yayo kuhluka 3 kuya ku-20% eziguli abasha. Futhi eminyakeni yokuqala yokuphila ADHD kwenzeka ingasaphathwa njalo - at 1.5-2% izingane. Kulokhu kubonakala abafana mayelana 3-4 izikhathi kaningi ngaphezu amantombazane.

izimpawu

Njengoba sekushiwo, lesi sifo hyperkinetic ezinganeni kuzibonakalisa umsebenzi kanye nobuhlungu ngokuyinhloko owengeziwe. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenzeka kudala njengoba isikhathi esikoleni samabanga aphansi. Kodwa izimpawu kuyagcinwa kakade ngonyaka lesithathu noma lesine zokuphila.

Uma sikhuluma ukubonakaliswa yokuqala yalesi sifo, kungenzeka ukuba uqaphele ukuzwela anda ezintweni ezenzeka ngisho esewusana. Izingane ezinjalo nozwelo ukukhanya okukhulu, umsindo noma lokushisa izinguquko. ADHD syndrome futhi livela ukungahlaliseki ngesikhathi sihlale siphapheme futhi iphupho, swaddling ukumelana nezinye izimpawu.

Esikhathini esikoleni ekuseni iminyaka ukuzwa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

1. Abashiya Amakhaya enhle. Ingane akuyona akwazi ukugxila yisiphi isihloko, abakwazi ukulalela uthisha isikhathi eside.
2. inkumbulo ukungakhuli. Ngenxa ADHD sibi junior umfundi wasesikoleni esiphakeme ifunda uhlelo lwezifundo.
3. Impulsiveness. Ingane iba ezintekenteke futhi abangothathekile. Ngokuvamile lokhu okushiwo ukungakwazi ulalele kuze kube sekupheleni, balinde. Izenzo wengane ngokuvamile kukhona unmotivated futhi ezingalindelekile.
4. ubuthongo thuthuva.
5. iziyaluyalu Ngokomzwelo: ahluthuke, ubudlova, ukwedelela noma, kungenjalo, tearfulness okungenasisekelo.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abaningi izingane zesikole unezinkinga nokudidiyela ukunyakaza. Lokhu kubonakala nobunzima enezinto zokubhala, Umbala, izimbadada wokubopha. Kukhona ukwephulwa ngekwendzawo nokudidiyelwa.

Izimbangela Nezingozi izici ezithinta okuvela ADHD

Ukuvela ukungakwazi ukugxilisa hyperactivity sifo bathonywe izinto eziningi:

1. yezinkinga ezihlukahlukene yokukhulelwa. A toxemia eqinile nehlala njalo noma ukunyuka komfutho wegazi komama esizayo kungabangela ADHD ezinganeni.
2. yokuphila Akulungile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kungenzeka-ke akuyona imfihlo ukuthi utshwala noma ukubhema kubathinta kungathinta izitho ithebhu bese izinhlelo wengane esizayo (kuhlanganise isimiso sezinzwa). Futhi, izinto ingqondo sifo hyperkinetic, zihlanganisa umsebenzi okhandlayo noma ukucindezeleka.
3. ukulethwa imisiwe noma lishesha kakhulu kungaba nomthelela ongemuhle ekukhuleni kwengane.
4. Isici Komphakathi. izinkinga zokuziphatha kanye nobuhlungu ngokuvamile kubangelwa isimo ongakuthandi umndeni noma esikoleni. Ngakho, umzimba uzama ukubhekana nesimo esicindezelayo. Ngu uqobo, lokhu yikona kungabangela ADHD, kodwa kungaba ngokuphawulekayo ngcono izimpawu zaso.

Nokho, izimbangela kuphela yeqiniso ka hyperkinetic sifo hhayi lalingakambulelwa.

ADHD noma ubuntu?

Ngokuvamile, ekutholeni impulsivity yengane, futhi umsebenzi ngokweqile, abazali esolwa ayenakho-ADHD. Kodwa ungakhohlwa ukuthi ingane ngayinye iba has ubuntu bakhe siqu. Ngokwesibonelo, izici isici choleric nje impulsivity, intukuthelo futhi incontinence. Futhi sanguine kancane ngokuvamile ukuhluleka ukugxila kwelinye ikilasi kanye nesidingo njalo kushintsha kusuka umsebenzi eyodwa kuya kwenye.

Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi okuzwakalisa inhlabamkhosi, kuyafaneleka sihlolisise ingane yakho kungenzeka ukuthi ukuziphatha kwakhe - kungcono nje okubonakalisa Ubumnene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikakhulukazi ubudala wasesikoleni samabanga aphansi adinga encane inkumbulo lokungcolisa kanye ongaphakeme isikhathi eside. Lezi zimo zokuma ngcono kancane kancane njengoba zikhula. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi-ke sivame ukuba ukungahlaliseki futhi impulsiveness. Ingane iminyaka 7 namanje ayikwazi ukugxila eside entweni eyodwa.

Enye into ukuthi ine-ADHD, lezi zimpawu yilezi evelele kakhulu. Nokho, uma umsebenzi kunyuke kuhambisana lingekho enhle futhi okuphawulekayo inkumbulo ukungakhuli noma ukulala, kungcono ukuba zifune usizo onguchwepheshe.

ukuhlola

Indlela yokubona ADHD namuhla? Ukuqinisekisa lukhona, kanye ukuthola ukuthi akakhulumi ephelezelwa ezinye izifo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezidinga lokuqala wezinzwa zonke izingane ukubonisana sika. inhlolovo Comprehensive kuzobandakanya izigaba eziningana.

Okokuqala, sihilela uphethwe subjective. Udokotela uhlola ingane futhi ubambe ingxoxo nabazali, ngesikhathi ecacisa inkambo yokukhulelwa kanye ebuntwaneni.

Ngemva kwalokho, umntwana uyabuzwa kudlule eziningana ukuhlolwa kwengqondo. kulinganiswa Ngakho ukunakwa, inkumbulo nokuzinza ngokomzwelo. Ukuze ucwaningo inhloso, ukuvivinywa ngale ndlela abazenzi kuphela izingane ezindala kunaseminyakeni eyisihlanu.

Yokugcina uphethwe isigaba electroencephalography. Ngosizo umsebenzi ezilinganisiwe we- cortex cerebral, fixed ukwephulwa. Ngokusho imiphumela, udokotela ungenza Ihlahlubo, uma kunesidingo, linqume ukwelashwa. Ingcweti onekhono ibheka izici ubudala wasesikoleni samabanga aphansi esibukhali futhi esingakwazi ukwehlukanisa nabo kusukela ukubonakaliswa isifo.

Ngenxa izimpawu hyperkinetic syndrome ngokuvamile kwenzeka kudala njengoba enkulisa, kubalulekile ukuthi izikole nothisha bakwazi akubheke. By the way, othisha ngokuvamile lusetshenziselwa ukuqwashisa kulenkinga kunabazali.

Kuyini a syndrome hyperkinetic inhliziyo?

Kukhona isifo ngagama efanayo, okuyinto akuphazamisi ukuziphatha. Lesi sifo inhliziyo hyperkinetic. Iqiniso lokuthi, ngokungafani kuya ezibangela ukuziphatha okuyinqaba, ADHD ukuthi ingenye zokubonisa ukungasebenzi autonomic, okungukuthi ukuhlukumeza zenhliziyo. Akukona kwenzeke ezinganeni, kodwa ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi izinsizwa. Njengoba lokhu syndrome ngokuvamile hhayi sihambisane nanoma yimiphi izimpawu, ke bungabonakala kuphela uma ukuhlolisisa.

Ngemithi

Njengoba izazi uqaphele, ukuhlola lesi sifo hyperkinetic, ukwelapha lesi sifo kufanele kube eziyinkimbinkimbi. Omunye izingxenye zalo kuyinto ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa. Lapho kutholakala ukuthi uphethwe yini kahle umsebenzi wabo uba eliphezulu kakhulu. Le mithi nethonya lingaze. Bona ukucindezela kuwukubonakaliswa sifo futhi kakhulu lula ukukhula komntwana.

ukwelashwa kufanele kudluliselwe nakulabo, kusukela kubalulekile hhayi kuphela ukususa izimpawu, kodwa futhi ukuqinisa umphumela etholwe. Ungenciki amakhambi abantu, kuyinto kuphela udokotela ungakhetha izidakamizwa engcono linqume ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

ukulungiswa kwenqondo

Enye ingxenye yesigaba sokubhekela ekwelapheni ADHD kuyinto ukwesekwa ngokwengqondo. iminyaka Ingane 7 ikakhulukazi abadinga usizo, njengoba ngonyaka wokuqala ezifundweni uhlale nzima kokubili umfundi kanye nomzali. Ikakhulukazi uma kukhona hyperactivity. Kulokhu, lo ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo kuyadingeka ukwakha amakhono yengane lokukhulumisana nabanye ngokuphumelelayo nontanga nezihlobo.

ubuye uhlanganise nokuxhumana obuseduze othisha nabazali. Ingane idinga ukunakekelwa njalo futhi ukwesekwa umndeni, kanye iqhaza unake phezu ingxenye othisha.

Ingabe-ADHD e abadala?

Izenzo-ADHD kancane kancane, kusukela enkathini yokuthomba. Okokuqala, encishisiwe hyperactivity nokunakwa iziyaluyalu - kulokhu kokugcina. Nokho, cishe amabili amaphesenti labantu abatholakala ne hyperkinetic syndrome, ezinye izimpawu zakhe iqhubeka waze waba mdala.

Kwezinye izimo, kukhona ukuthambekela nokuziphatha kwabantu ngokungafanele, ukuba umlutha wotshwala nezidakamizwa. Ngakho-ke izimpawu ADHD kufanele ngokushesha ukuhlolelwa lesi sifo futhi ngayo.

Amathiphu abazali

Yini abazali okufanele ukwenze uma ingane ine-ADHD syndrome wathola? Okokuqala, udinga ukudala yayiyindawo ekahle endlini. Kubalulekile ukunamathela ngokuqinile ezimisweni umbuso kosuku - ngakho lo mntwana uyoba ezikhathini ezinzima futhi ngokulinganisela.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi umsebenzi ADHD show anda, kubalulekile ukubhalisa ingane ezemidlalo sigaba. Ngokuvamile, noma ikuphi ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ngcono isimo ingane. Ukuxhumana nengane kufanele kube ezolile futhi enobungane. Kodwa ukusola akufanele bajeziswe, ngoba namanje engakutholi, kanye ukunakekelwa, ukwesekwa lwabazali bafeza indima ebaluleke kakhulu.