Sulfuric acid. Izindlela sokulungiselela. isicelo

Sulfuric acid iye kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene imisebenzi womuntu. Modern chemical umkhakha kuhlanganisa ke ohlwini ukukhiqizwa main, lizinga ikhishwe kuyinto inkomba ongaqondile bezikhali ukukhiqizwa amakhemikhali ezweni. Minyaka yonke umhlaba ukhiqiza cishe izigidi ezingu-160 amathani ketshezi.

Ngokusho physico-chemical yabo izakhiwo, lo sulfuric acid kuyinto dicarboxylic acid, lokhu kwakwakhe sulphur ifinyelela isimo eliphakeme namachibi (6). Ngaphansi kwezimo ezivamile, isimo acid kanzulu sulfuric limelela uketshezi oily esindayo abangenalo umbala, noma ukuhogela. Sulfuric acid isetshenziswa isixazululo. Njengoba kuphela ingasetshenziswa njengoba amanzi avamile, nesibabule trioxide. Kuthathwa ukuba isixazululo aqueous, uma isilinganiso sesibalo zishintshe sulphur trioxide ukuba inani lamanzi ingaphansi kuka-ubunye. Ngenhla le nkulumo Inkomba isetshenziswa - isixazululo sulphur trioxide e-sulfuric acid noma oleum.

Sulfuric ukukhiqizwa acid inikeza lesi eyigugu ukudalwa umkhiqizo umquba inqubo amaminerali, isetshenziswa njengenhlangano electrolyte endaweni amabhethri lead-acid, i-asidi esiyinhloko ekulungiseleleni nosawoti ahlukahlukene amaminerali kanye acid. Chemical endwangwini, udayi, intuthu-kwenta ubuye ugcogce iziqhumane ekukhiqizeni ubuchwepheshe salo sulfuric acid. Ngaphandle akunakwenzeka ukucabanga uwoyela, metal, zendwangu, zesikhumba kanye nezinye izimboni.

Ngisho yokudla ubé ukusetshenziswa izidakamizwa - ukuthola E513 ukudla okufakiwe (emulsifier). Industrial Organic Synthesis, amanzi emzimbeni (inqubo esters ukuthola, diethyl ether), hydration (ukukhiqizwa ethanol kusuka ethylene) sulfonation (ukukhiqizwa of insipho kanye ushintsho ukulungiswa udayi), alkylation (zamagama isooctane, caprolactam, polyethylene glycol), inhlaka yokutakula okuhlungayo distilled ukukhiqiza amanzi imigqa - ayikho kulezi izinqubo akuyona ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa sulfuric acid.

Ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid inikeza umthengi kakhulu eziyisisekelo ketshezi - umquba zamagama. Ngokwesibonelo, ukukhiqiza ithani elilodwa umquba phosphate kuyadingeka ukuchitha ezimbili kuya amathani ezintathu nengxenye sulfuric acid. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, i-sulfuric acid amabhizinisi baphathiswe ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid, lihambisana ukwakha izimboni esikhiqiza fertilizer.

izindlela ezimbili ukucutshungulwa asetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid. Sulfuric ukukhiqizwa acid yiyona contact indlela eyinhloko futhi amaphesenti ayisishiyagalolunye, oxide (Tower) indlela has nokudlanga kancane. Naphezu kokushiyeka namasonto ngayinye, ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid esuka pyrites oxide dengwane ngokusebenzisa ikhange nakakhulu izindleko ukusebenza, inhlanzeko, futhi emakamu eliphezulu umkhiqizo osuphelile kwayo kuleyo ndawo yokuhweba.

Ukuba yingcweti contact sulfuric acid isitshalo zamagama indlela, ukukhiqizwa acid sulfuric ivumela yahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezintathu. Ngo esigabeni sokuqala, yokuwugazinga pyrite, ukuze afeze leyo njongo kuhhavini baking kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "embhedeni fluidized". Isigaba sesibili kuhilela namachibi-sulfur dioxide ukuze sulphur oxide (VI), futhi ngaleso esiteji yesithathu ukulungiswa oleum, okuyinto baziqondise amathangi bese ithunyelwa kumakhasimende.

sulfuric acid ukukhiqizwa oxide ndlela iye ayitholakalanga ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ngenxa enganele ubumsulwa okukhipha umkhiqizo, kanjalo ezincisha ukusetshenziswa kwalo.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi amasu nezindlela ukulungiswa, ukukhiqizwa sulfuric acid kudinga abakhiqizi ukuba banake kwabaningi nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.