Sikhula amazambane. Izinhlobonhlobo "kiwi": incazelo ehlukahlukene, izici ezikhethekile zokulima nokunakekelwa

Amazambane ezweni lethu athatha indawo ehloniphekile. Ngaphandle kwalo, hhayi iholide elilodwa hhayi isidlo esisodwa esibucayi. Akumangazi ukuthi izazi ze-agronomists ziye zakwazi ukwakha amakhulu ezinhlobonhlobo ezihlukile, ezahluke hhayi ekuthandeni kwabo okuhlukile, izici, kodwa nangezindlela zokuzalanisa. Futhi yini ekhula kangcono engadini kunamazambane? Izinhlobonhlobo "kiwi", incazelo ehlukahlukene kanye nezinye izici zalolu hlobo kuzoba isihloko esiyinhloko sokulandisa kwanamuhla. Futhi, ezinye izinganekwane mayelana nale hlobo zizobunjwa.

Izimfanelo zokunambitha

Agronomists abaningi bayathanda ukukhula amazambane ama-kiwi. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo zezibuyekezo ihluka kusuka komuntu kuya komuntu. Abanye bathanda lolu hlobo lwesakhiwo esingenakuqhathaniswa nesikhumba esincane esincane. Abanye abajabuli isikhathi eside sokubilisa, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi kudlula imizuzu engama-40 futhi engabi nhlobo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, izilimo eziyizigaxa ziyizigaba ezikhiqizayo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, kusuka esihlahleni esisodwa kungenzeka ukuqoqa kuze kufike kuhhafu ibhakede lemifino enhle.

Isikhathi sokukhula

"Kiwi" ibhekisela ezinhlobonhlobo zekwephuzile. Igama lokuvuthwa kwalo liyizinsuku ezingu-120. Yiqiniso, lokhu akuyona isibalo sokugcina, ngoba ngesikhathi sokubunjwa kwezilimo eziyizigaxa kuthinta izici eziningi: isimo sezulu, isimo sezulu, inani lomswakama. Ngisho esifundeni esifanayo eminyakeni ehlukene, izinga lokuvuthwa (ngaphansi kwesimo sokutshala okufanayo) kungahluka.

Kungcono ukudla amazambane amancane. Kungenxa yezinga elimnandi kakhulu nelincane, elihlukaniswa kalula, ungase uzizwe ubuhle bezinhlobonhlobo. Kuphela amazambane avuthiwe namanje amnandi, agcwele amandla amasha kanye nesiqalo esinamandla. Futhi ebusika, lezi zihlukahlukene zihle kakhulu kuma saladi.

Imfanelo yezinhlobonhlobo

Ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene zezincwadi kanye nezincwadi zereferensi umuntu angathola incazelo elandelayo yezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-mbatata "kiwi". Ezinye iziphazamiso zichazwe ngezansi.

• Umbala wezilimo eziyizigaxa umhlophe.
• Ukuma kuyindilinga.
• I-peel - imeshane, i-velvet.
• Ukuvusa isikhathi kungukusuku ezingu-120.
• Uhlobo lokuvunwa luphakeme kakhulu.
• Izinga lokulimala kwezinambuzane liphansi.
• Isistimu yeqoqo liluhlaza, ne-violet inflorescences.
• Izidingo zomhlabathi - phansi, ukumelana nokutshala okuqinisiwe.
• Ukuphila kweshefu - ubusika ngaphandle kwemibandela ekhethekile.

Inezici zayo siqu amazambane ahlukahlukene "kiwi". Incazelo ehlukahlukene ayikho ize iqukethe igrafu eyodwa ehlukile - ukumelana nezilokazane. I-beetle yaseColorado iyakwazi ukutheleleka amahlumela amancane. Futhi kunezizathu ezimbili zalokhu. Okokuqala: amaqabunga asitshalo azinzima futhi abe nesakhiwo sezinwele. Lokhu kusabisa isisulu, njengoba kuba nzima ukubeka amaqanda. Futhi okwesibili: amazambane esakhiweni saso aqukethe i-bioglobin, engagciniwe yi-disest.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlukahluka kwamazambane akuthinti ukulimala kwesikhashana, isikhumba, i-macrosporia nezinye izifo ezifanayo zegciwane.

I-GMO noma cha?

Izakhamizi eziningi ze-CIS azivami ukuhlangana noma ukuzwa ngamazambane ama-kiwi. Lokhu akumangazi, ngoba ulwazi lwesikhathi eside ngaye luhlukaniswe. Ngeshwa, iSoviet Union ikholelwa ukuthi umsebenzi wokuzuzisa umphakathi kufanele ufihliwe ngemuva kwezibonakaliso eziyisikhombisa.

Abantu abaningi basacabanga ukuthi "kiwi" uhlobo lweBriansk. Ngemuva kwalokho konke, bahlakuyekanye kanye nezinye izinhlobo eziningana: lasunok, tempo, Belarusian-3. Kodwa amahemuhemu anjalo nje ukuvuza kolwazi kusuka ebhokisatri. Eqinisweni, lezi zinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuphelele.

Kukhona inkinga eyodwa engaxazululwa. Uma ufunda ngokucophelela eminye yemingcele, kukhona ukungabaza ngokuthi amazambane ama-kiwi aphephile yini. Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo, i-GMO noma cha, izosiza ukuthola. Kunezimpikiswano ezimbili ezibonisa ukuthi umkhiqizo ukhule ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe bezakhi.

Umbono wezinye izazi ze-agronomists: uma amazambane akonakaliswe yizinambuzane, kusho ukuthi isakhi se-bacterium, isitha se-Colorado beetle, sesiye safakwa kwisakhi sayo. Okokuqala, lobu buchwepheshe bube budedengu isikhathi eside, futhi buyi-biocellular, bukhona kumazambane, bukhona lapho ngendlela yokuguqulwa okuvamile.

Okwesibili, ukunyuka kwekhanda kumahlumela kubangelwa ukukhethwa kwendabuko, futhi akukho ukuphazamiseka kwesakhiwo sofuzo.

Ngakho-ke, kusobala ukuthi amazambane "kiwi" aphephile ngokuphelele.

Okuphawulekayo kokukhula

Ama-agronomist abanokuhlangenwe nakho angatshela indlela yokutshala izinhlobo ezahlukene zamazambane ngendlela efanele. Izici (ezihlukahlukene "kiwi"), ukukhula nokunakekela kuxhomeke kakhulu emizamweni yabanikazi. Kunamasu okuthola isivuno esiphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ochwepheshe batusa ukutshala imifino ngendlela yamaDashi. Lezi zimiso ezilandelayo kufanele zicatshangelwe.

1. Ukuhlelwa kwemigqa kubonakala kanje: imigqa emibili eseduzane yamazambane, igebe, futhi imigqa emibili eseduzane, igebe.
2. Ibanga eliphakathi kwemibhede kufanele libe ngu-70-75 cm. Lokhu kwanele ukuthi inqubo encane idlule, futhi umhlaba usetshenziselwa ukwakha ukuxhuma.
3. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezilimo eziyizigaxa lingama-30 cm.
4. Izihlahla aziqedi, kodwa zingcwatshwa ezindaweni zombili zomhlaba. Ngenkathi amahlumela encane, adinga ukungcwatshwa ngokuphelele: ngakho kuphela amaqabunga aphezulu aphuma ngaphandle.
5. Kuzo zonke ihlobo, imibhede iniselwa kuphela kathathu.

Indlela yaseDutch yokutshala ikuvumela ukuthi uvune inani eliphezulu lokuvuna. Kusukela esihlahleni esisodwa, ungakhuphukela ku-2 kg wezilimo eziyizigaxa.

Okufanele ukwazi ngokukhathalela

Amazambane akhule ngokugcwele, ibanga "kiwi". Incazelo ehlukahlukene ibonisa ukuthi akuyona into ekhethekile mayelana nenhlabathi noma umquba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba lezi zinhlobo zingathinteki yizinambuzane ezihlukahlukene, akufanele ziphathwe izibulala-zinambuzane, ezithinta ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. Ukukhula "kiwi", ungaqiniseka ngokuphelele ukuthi imifino iphephile futhi ayiqukethe i-nitrate. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, zokupheka kwabantu kukhona izimfihlo zabo, kanjani ukuthola isivuno esimnandi nesempilo.

• Ukulungiswa komhlaba kuqala ekwindla. Ngalesi sikhathi, ungqimba oluphezulu, ububanzi obuyi-15 cm, luyalinywa. Kuhle ukuletha umquba. Izingxenye eziyinhloko amazambane azithatha kuwo yi-phosphorus ne-potassium.
• Ukuze wenze amazambane acebile futhi ahlanzekile, udinga umanyolo oqukethe inani elikhulu le-nitrogen. Kodwa udinga ukwazi isilinganiso, kungenjalo ukugqithisa kuzokwenza ngenye indlela. Ama-nitrogen fertilizer aziswa entwasahlobo.
• Ngaphambi kokutshala izilimo eziyizigaxa kufanele zihlume.
• Uma ukutshala ezihlukahlukene okokuqala, akudingeki kudliwe.
• Ukutshala iziqu zemaminerali kwenziwa ngokuletha uketshezi phakathi kwehlathi. Isikhathi sokuqala senziwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo, lapho isimo sezulu esifudumele sesiqalile, okwesibili - ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, futhi futhi esikhathini esifanayo.
• Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokumba, zonke izintonga kufanele ziqedwe, ziphinde zifinyelele 15 cm emhlabathini.

Ukuvuna

Konke lokhu ngenhla kwakuyinkomba yezinhlobo zezithombo zamazambane eziphakeme kakhulu "kiwi". Uma ucabangisisa wonke amaphuzu, umphumela uzokwedlula ngempela ukulindela. Ukuthi izilimo eziyizilimo eziyizigaxa zivuthiwe, zifunda eziqongweni ezomile. Ukuze uthembeke, gubha isihlahla esisodwa bese uhlola.

Wonke amazambane asekhulile ayomiswa kuqala, bese ahlelwa, asusiwe, abuye athunyelwe esitokisini esitokisini noma kwenye indawo yokugcina.

Ukuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo eziphezulu ezivumela

Ake sinikeze izibonelo zeziphi izinhlobo ezinhle zamazambane. Incazelo, izincomo zokulima kwazo zingatholakala kuma-encyclopedias noma izinkomba zokulima. Nazi ezinye izinhlobo ezingakwazi ukuncintisana ne "kiwi" yokukhiqiza nokunambitha izici.

"Agria". Itholakala eHolland. Unemibala ekhanyayo, ephakathi kwesikhathi. Egcinwe kahle ebusika, kunomusa omuhle kakhulu.

"I-Gingerbread Man". Lezi zilimo eziyizigaxa zinephuzi, yingakho igama liphakama. Kuyinto ethandwayo ngenxa yamathuba ayo omuhle ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni. Ukuvuthwa phakathi, okungathinti izinambuzane.

"I-Fairy Tale". Unenambitheka kakhulu. I-rind iyingozi, iluphuzi embala. Iphakathi kukhona i-snow-white. Ukuphikisa kuzo zonke izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane.

"Jelly." Kucatshangwa ukuthi kunomsoco kakhulu. Umbala nesakhiwo kufana kakhulu ne "kiwi". I-rind ine-hue encane yegolide. Izinhlobonhlobo zingokwezifiso eziphakathi.

Isiphetho

Ngempela yonke indawo ngezindinganiso zethu zamazambane ezihlukahlukene "kiwi". Incazelo yezinhlobonhlobo ithi ihambelana kahle kunoma yimuphi umhlabathi, itholakala esimweni sezulu nesimo sezulu. Ngalokhu konke, kunezivuno eziphezulu. "I-Kiwi" ayithinteki kancane yi-beetle yaseColorado, ayimelene nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, ngakho akudingeki ukuba iphathwe nezibulala-zinambuzane, lapho i-nitrate ingena khona izilimo eziyizigaxa. Lokhu kuyindlela enhle kakhulu ye-infield.