Indlela yokukhipha imishanguzo emhlabathini ngenhlabathi yezithombo. Indlela yokulungisa kahle inhlabathi yezithombo

Kusukela entwasahlobo, abalimi nabalimi baqala imisebenzi yabo esiphepho ehlobene nokuhlwanyela nokuhluma izithombo. Akulula kakhulu ukuthola amahlumela enempilo futhi aqinile, okuzivumelanisa kalula emhlabathini ovulekile futhi kamuva uzojabula ngokuvunwa okuhle. Isimo esikhulu sokukhula kwabo, ngakho-ke isisekelo sokuvuna esizayo, sikhethwe kahle noma umhlaba olungiselelwe ngokuzimela.

Umhlabathi wezithombo: silungiselela ngezandla zethu

Abanye abalimi bemifino yokuqala abacabangi ukuthi bangayilungisa kanjani kahle inhlabathi yezithombo ezikhulayo, kodwa bamane nje bathathe indawo ensimini bese behlwanyela imbewu kuyo. Kuyini ukudumala kwabo lapho amahlumela abalinde isikhathi eside engabonakali noma ekhula kancane. Futhi ngesikhathi sokufakelwa kabusha emhlabathini ovulekile, basalokhu bebuthakathaka futhi bebuthakathaka. Izitshalo ezinjalo, cishe, ngeke zithwale ukucindezeleka ezihlobene nokutshala emibhedeni, futhi zife ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Ngaphambi kokuba uqale isinyathelo esisebenzayo, udinga ukuthatha indlela enesibopho kumbuzo wokuthi ungayilungisa kanjani umhlaba izithombo ngezandla zakho.

Kubalulekile ukuqala ukulungiselela inhlabathi hhayi entwasahlobo, kodwa futhi kusukela ngo-Agasti-Septemba. Indawo yaseJalimane ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile ayifanelekile, kodwa ingaba isisekelo somxube wezakhi, lapho imbewu izohlwanyelwa khona. Ungayinaki lesi sigaba sokulungiselela, njengokunqothula kwenhlabathi yezithombo, uma uyithatha ensimini noma ensimini.

Iyiphi ingozi efihliwe ezweni engadini

Kungani ungakwazi nje ukuthayipha emhlabeni kusukela engadini bese ukhula izithombo kuwo? Abanye bayothi ukuthi lokhu kuzoba yisinqumo esifanele, ngoba kulelo zwe ukuthi izithombo ziyokhula emva kokufakelwa kabusha. Iqiniso elilodwa: kuhle uma inhlabathi yezithombo ilungiswa kusuka engadini yemifino futhi ifana nokubunjwa kuyo. Kulesi simo, izitshalo ezincane ziyakwazi ukuzivumelanisa kakhulu uma utshalwa emibhedeni. Kodwa uma uthatha umhlaba wensimu ngendlela ehlanzekile, ngaphandle kokufaka umanyolo owengeziwe nokukhipha izingxenye, ngakho ngeke kube yindlela enhle yokuhlwanyela izithombo. Ngoba likhulu kakhulu futhi aliqukethe inani elidingekayo lezinto eziwusizo.

Ukungahleleki kwesibili kwendawo engadini noma engadini kuyena inqwaba yezinambuzane ezincane ezikwazi ukubhubhisa imbewu kanye nezimpande ezibuthakathaka zamahlumela abasha.

Ukwakhiwa kanye nesakhiwo somhlabathi wezithombo

Ukukhetha nokuhlanganisa izingxenye zenhlanganisela yenhlabathi, kufanele uhambisane nemithetho ethile. Izidingo eziyisisekelo:

• Isakhiwo esibi (umoya). Kudingekile ukunciphisa ubumba, okuhlanganisa ama-pores futhi kubangele ukubunjwa kwezibungu.
• Ukutholakala kwenani elanele lezingxenye eziwusizo (umquba womquba wommbila). Kodwa kulokhu akufanele uwele umugqa. Ukugcinwa ngokweqile kwamamaminerali amaminerali kunciphisa inqubo yokuhluma imbewu futhi kungaholela ezifweni zezithombo.
• Ukungabi nezinambuzane, izibungu, amaqanda ezinambuzane. Inhlabathi kufanele ihlaselwe, kodwa ingabi yinyumba ngokuphelele. Kunoma yikuphi ukuhlanganiswa kwenhlabathi, ukuba khona kwe-microflora enenzuzo kuyadingeka.

Ukubhubhisa nokuvimbela izinambuzane, kubalulekile ukutadisha inkinga yokwenqanyulwa kwenhlabathi yezithombo , nokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokubulala imithi. Kodwa ukwakheka nokubunjwa kwawo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekukhethweni okufanele kwezingxenye kanye nokulingana kwazo.

Ukwakhiwa kwenhlabathi emhlabeni wonke okuthandwa kakhulu izithombo kulungiselelwe ngesisekelo somhlaba wensimu (izingxenye ezimbili), i-peat (ingxenye engu-1), i-humus (ingxenye engu-1). I-powder yokubhaka ingaba yilungile, inhlabathi enkulu yomfula noma i-sawdust. Umanyolo wamaminerali uyoba umlotha noma amalahle. Zonke lezi zakhi zifakwe ngokucophelela futhi zixhunyiwe. Ngalolu msebenzi, ngisho novice, owayengazange afunde ngaphambilini ukulungisa inhlabathi, uzobhekana. Umhlabathi wezithombo, owenziwe ngale ndlela, ungafanele izitshalo zasendlini.

Iyini isinyathelo sethu esilandelayo? Yini esikwenzayo ngemva kokulungisa umhlaba? Siphilisa inhlabathi izithombo, lokhu kuzogwema zonke izinkinga ezihambisana nezifo nezinambuzane zokukhula okuncane.

Ukucwiliswa kwemvelo njengento ebalulekile yokulungiselela

Ngisho nokwakheka kwenhlabathi okunembile kakhulu kwezithombo kungabi nzuzo uma kungakaze kutholakale inqubo yokukhipha imishanguzo. Esimweni esinjalo, inhlabathi ingase iqukethe i-pathogenic flora, amaqanda nezibungu zezilokazane, izinhlamvu zokhula nesikhunta. Konke okubalwe ngenhla kuqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha futhi kubonakale ngokwakho ngokushesha nje lapho imvelo enhle yokuhluma izithombo iyadalwa. Lokhu kungabangela ukulimala okungenakuguquka emahlumela. Ukuze ugweme izinkinga ezinjalo, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ungayilalisa kanjani inhlabathi izithombo.

Kukhona umbono oyiphutha wokuthi umhlaba kusukela emaphaketheni akudingeki ukuba unqunywe futhi ulungele ukusetshenziswa. Eqinisweni, ingaba nenani elifanayo lezingozi njengasensimini, njengoba, empeleni, yindawo yokuchitha amanzi ezikhungweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina izithombo, ukuhlanzwa ngokucophelela nokucutshungulwa.

Izindlela zenhlabathi yokuqothula izithombo

Indlela yokukhipha imishanguzo enhlabathini ngomhlabathi? Lokhu kuyindaba elula, ngoba kunezindlela eziningi zokwenza inhlabathi ibe inzalo . Abalimi abanokuhlangenwe nakho ngokwabo ngezinye izikhathi bakha izindlela ezintsha noma bathuthukise okukhona.

Izindlela zokuchithwa kwemithi: ukubala nokuqothula kwenhlabathi

Ukubalwa kwenhlabathi ingenye yezindlela ezithandwa kakhulu zenhlabathi ukungasebenzi. Isekelwe ekwelapheni kokushisa. Kungenziwa ukukhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningi.

Okokuqala, umhlabathi ungabanjwa kuhhavini, usakaze ku-brazier. Ukushisa kufanele kube yi-180 ° C, futhi isikhathi - cishe imizuzu engama-40. Le ndlela iyithengeka kakhulu futhi ilula, kodwa ayifaneleki umthamo omkhulu womhlaba.

Okwesibili, kungenzeka ukuba uhlabe umhlabathi emayini ye-microwave. Kulokhu, i-substrate enomanzi ifakwe esitokisini seglasi bese ishiywe ku-microwave imizuzu engu-10 kumandla angaphezulu.

Okwesithathu, ukuphathwa okufudumele kwenhlabathi, ukugeza amanzi kufanelekile. Le ndlela isebenzayo, kodwa, njengamacala angaphambilini, yenzelwe amanani amancane.

Uma ulungiselele inhlabathi izitshalo kusukela ukuwa, khona-ke ungakwazi ukunciphisa umhlabathi omkhulu ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, umane usishiye ekamelweni elingenalutho noma emkhathini ngesikhathi samaqhwa. Ukushisa kwebusika kuzokusiza ukubhubhisa cishe zonke izidakamizwa ezinobungozi emhlabathini.

Ukuchithwa kwezinto eziphilayo zezingxube zenhlabathi

Iphuzu eliphelele lokunqunywa kwezinto eziphilayo ukufaka inhlabathi yokutshala ngezinambuzane eziwusizo ezizokhipha izingozi.

Ama-biologist ethandwa kakhulu namuhla "ama-Fitosporin", "i-Phytop", "i-Barrier", "i-Barrier", "i-Trichodermin". Uma usebenzisa amalungiselelo e-biological for decontamination, kubalulekile ukuba ulandele ngokucophelela imiyalelo, uqaphele ngokucacile umthamo kanye nokuphila kwelanga.

Ngendlela efanele yokusebenzisa ama-biological agents, abagcini nje kuphela ukubhubhisa i-pathogenic flora, kodwa futhi bayasheshisa ukukhula kwezithombo.

Ukuqedwa kwamakhemikhali emhlabathini

Ukunqothula kwenhlabathi izithombo ngamakhemikhali kusho okungcono kakhulu okusetshenziselwa kuphela ezimweni ezihlukile. Njengombana kunjalo nemikhiqizo yezinto eziphilayo, kubalulekile ukungaphuli imiyalo. Ezinye zalezi zidakamizwa akugcini nje ukubhubhisa i-pathogenic flora, amabhaktheriya e-pathogenic kanye nesifungum, kodwa futhi ivimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo.

Iningi elingenabungozi, kepha futhi indlela engafanele yokuchithwa kwamakhemikhali ibhekwa njengama-manganese. Ekugcineni liphenduka umanyolo we-potassium.

Ngokunciphisa inhlabathi ngezithombo ngezindlela zamakhemikhali noma zamakhemikhali, asiyitholi kuphela i-pathogenic flora, kodwa futhi ibhaktheriya enenzuzo. Zingabuyiselwa ngokufaka umanyolo webhaktheriya ("Rizotorfin", "Azotobacterin", "Phosphorobacterin") emhlabathini. Abanye balimi basebenzisa imvubelo evamile ngale njongo.

Inhlanganisela yenhlabathi ethengiwe. Indlela yokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezwe eliqediwe

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi zonke izinqubo ezingenhla zokulungiswa nokuchithwa komhlaba ngenxa yezithombo ngeke zifanele "abalimi abanesilima". Ukuzilungiselela ngokwakho i-substrate kuthatha isikhathi nomzamo. Kulula kakhulu futhi sisheshe ukuthenga isakhi esenziwe ngomumo sokuhlwanyela izithombo. Labo abakhetha lolu khetho kufanele bakhumbule imishayo ekhona.

Ngeshwa, akuzona njalo abenzi beqiniso abathembeki bhala ulwazi oluyiqiniso emaphaketheni. Kwenzeka ukuthi ngokukhetha iphakheji ngokubunjwa okungcono kakhulu, uthola i-primer empofu ngokusekelwe ku-peat. Lapho uhlwanyela imbewu ekubunjweni okunjalo, kunengozi enkulu yokuhlala umphumela odumelekile. Izithombo noma cha nakancane, noma ngisho noma amahlumela azovela, cishe ngeke zihlangabezane nezilindelwe. Ngakho-ke, akufanele ube ukonga kakhulu kule ndaba, kodwa ukhethe imikhiqizo yamabhizinisi awaziwayo.

Ngisho noma unesisindo esinjalo esimpofu esisekelwe ku-peat, zama ukulungisa isimo sakho ngokwakho. Ngenxa yalokhu, kubalulekile ukuyixuba nomhlabathi wensimu, ngaphambilini uvikelekile nge-disinfected. Indlela yokukhipha imishanguzo emhlabathini ngenhlabathi yezithombo, esixoxe ngakho ekuqaleni kwendaba yethu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kumele sihlole i-substrate etholakalayo ye-asidi, futhi uma iphakeme kunejwayelekile, siphinde silungise le nkinga. I- acidity yenhlabathi incishiswe ngokufaka ufulawa noma ufulawa wama dolomite. Njengoba ingxube enhlabathini enjalo ingenayo izakhi zomzimba zayo, umquba womanyolo owengeziwe kufanele wengezwe.

Ukufinyelela umbuzo wokulungiselela umhlaba izithombo kunzima futhi kuyingozi kakhulu. Ama-horticulturists abanokuhlangenwe nakho azi ukuthi ukubunjwa kwenhlabathi okulungile kungu-80% impumelelo uma ukhula izithombo.