Izitshalo ezibaluleke kakhulu ngonyaka. Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwezolimo nokuhlelwa kwemvelo

Kukhona izitshalo, imifino nezindwangu eziqala futhi ziqede umjikelezo wazo wokuphila ngesikhathi sonyaka owodwa. Leli qembu elikhulu futhi elibalulekile lezinto eziphilayo - izitshalo zonyaka. Izibonelo: okusanhlamvu okuningi (ukolweni, rye), izithelo (ubhontshisi, ubhontshisi), imifino kanye namanoni (utamatisi, ikhukhamba, ithanga, ikhabe). Yiziphi izinyanga? Ukuze sithole impendulo, sizokwenza ukuhamba ngezinyawo ukuhamba ngezinsimu nezinsimu, sijwayele imifino evamile futhi engavamile, izimbali, izinongo kanye nokhula oluqinile.

Izinhlobo zezitshalo

Abantu basebenzisa izinto eziningi eziphilayo ezihlala phansi. Omakhelwane bethu emhlabeni bayimifino eluhlaza, ama-mosses, i-spore ephakeme, izitshalo ze-holo ne-angiospermous. Ubuntu buyadingeka wonke lawa maqembu, bathola izimboni, ezolimo, ukudla, izicelo zezokwelapha, zikwazi ukubaluleka nokucabangela.

Phakathi kwalabo abamele izitshalo kukhona okungapheli, izitshalo ze-biennial nezonyaka . Izibonelo:

• Izikhathi ezingapheliyo: i-apula, i-peach, amagilebhisi, i-lemon nezinye izihlahla, i-liana nezihlahla.
• Izitshalo ze-Biennial: iklabishi omhlophe, i-turnips, i-beet, izaqathe, i-violet emithathu.
• Amanothi: utamatisi, pepper, ibhalsamu, umhlonyane, i-St. John's wort, i-chamomile, i-aster.

Ubude bomjikelezo wokuphila

Kuye ngezimo zezulu kanye nezinhloso zokulima, isikhathi sokuphila semifino yezolimo nokuhlobisa siyashintsha. Uma isimo sezulu sinzima, khona-ke ukukhula kwemifino, izimbali kanye nohlaza kungagcinwa esikhathini esisodwa semifino.

Emasimini nasemibhedeni yemifino ephakathi neRussia, iqembu elikhulu lezilwane ezikhula iminyaka eminingi likhula njengezitshalo zonyaka: izinkanyezi , i- oint , i- tastena, i-nasturtium, i-petunia, i-verbena, i-lobelia. Lezi zinhlobo ezinhle zokuhlobisa izimbali ngeke ziphile ebusika obubandayo.

Izinhlobo eziningi zezinsimu zokutshala izitshalo zitshalwa iminyaka engama-1. Ngakho, isilimo esidliwayo esinamagatsha anamanzi kanye ne-parsley ngenkathi yokuqala yakha i-rosette yamaqabunga amanzi, futhi ngonyaka wesibili uqhakaza.

Izinsuku eziningi zithatha indima ebalulekile ekudleni, ekukhiqizeni nasekwelapha. Izibonelo: ukolweni wasebusika, soya, ukotini, lwesinaphi, ifilakisi, ikhalenda. Ngemuva kokuqhakaza, ukwakheka kwezithelo nembewu, izingxenye ezingenhla kanye nezingaphansi komhlaba ziyafa, kuphela imbewu ehamba yomoya, amanzi, izilwane kanye nomuntu.

Yiziphi izitshalo zonyaka? Izibonelo

Njengoba ukudluliselwa okungaqondakali kwezitshalo kuya endaweni entsha, amacala okuzibuza ahlobene. I-Plantain evela eYurophu "yahamba" eya ezwekazi laseMelika kanye nodaka emagcekeni ezicathulo zabafiki abamhlophe. Ama-Aborigines abizwa ngokuthi amahlamvu amakhulu aluhlaza "ama-white man".

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVII endizeni enezinkuni, egcwele utshani, esuka phesheya ukuya eYurophu kwaba isitshalo saminyaka yonke esiyi-herbaceous - i-petrel encane yaseCanada. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lolu lokhula olubi lusakazeka emazweni amakhulu aseYurophu nase-Asia, atholakala eMpumalanga Ekude.

Kunezitshalo eziyingozi empilweni yomphakathi kanye nezolimo, isibonelo, umhlonyane we-ragweed. I-pollen yezimbali ezincane ze-nondescript idala ukungezwani komzimba kanye nesifo se-asthma, izinhlamvu zingcolisa isitshalo sezitshalo. Ukulwa nokulwa ne-ambrosia kunzima, ngoba ngokudubula okulodwa kusuka ngonyaka ka-180 000 kuya ku-300 000 imbewu yokuvuthwa, kuqhutshwa amabanga amade.

Isicelo seminyaka ezolimo

Isimo sezulu esibanda, i-permafrost ezindaweni ezijikelezayo zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika inciphisa isethi sezitshalo ezitshalwe. Ezolimo kulezi zindawo kunokwenzeka ezimweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nokugcina izithombo zokugcina. Emoyeni epholile, ungakhula okusanhlamvu, imifino nemifino. Ibhande elilinganiselwe yiyona ehamba phambili eYurophu e-Asia, engxenyeni eyinhloko yeNyakatho Melika. Ukulima okuningi kulezi zindawo, okusanhlamvu, izitshalo, izitshalo kanye nemifino yezobuchwepheshe kanye namakhabe asetshenziswayo.

Engxenyeni eseningizimu yezinga elisezingeni eliphansi kanye nasezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, kukhona izinhlobo eziningi zezitshalo zezolimo ezisetshenziselwa ukulima. Lona ummbila, ilayisi, ukotini, i-pepper elimnandi, isitshalo seqanda, ikhabe, ikhabe. Inani elibaluleke kakhulu embonini nakubantu kukhona amafutha, amafutha abalulekile kanye nezitshalo zaminyaka yonke ezinamakha, amagama ajwayele abaningi. Lona ubhekilanga, i-amaranth, isinaphi, ukudlwengula, i-anise, i-oregano, umhlonyane, inhlakanipho.

Izinyanga zokuhlobisa - ukuthola umhloli wezimbali kanye nomhlali wehlobo

Zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekulimeni, ukuhlelwa kwezwe, ukuhleleka kwezimbali kanye nokuhlobisa-ukukhishwa kweminyaka. Lezi zitshalo zifanele ukusika - izimbali neziqabunga zezimbali ezintsha, izingqungquthela ezimbali. Zizwa ngokugcwele emakhazeni, ezimakethe nasemapulazini ama-balcony ahlobisa, i-petunias enezimbali ezinkulu ezikhanyayo.

I-Marigolds, i-zinnias ne-asters ngezinye izikhathi ivame ukwedlula ama-roses nge-inflorescences yawo emangalisayo. Ama-coleuses ne-kochis ajabuzwa ngemibala emisha yamaqabunga. Izilwane ezincane phakathi kwezinyanga eziphansi nezindala eziphakathi kwezinsimu - amafutha we-castor nama-amaranth; Ukuphakama kwama-specimens ngabanye kungafinyelela ku-2 m.

Izitshalo zemihlobiso yonyaka emigqeni yemifula nasezinkalweni

Inzuzo eyinhloko yezitshalo zonyaka yukuthi abaqambi bemvelo bayabiza ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintsha umbala webala, kanye nezinye izici ezibalulekile zemibhede yembali, njalo ngonyaka. Izitshalo zonyaka zenza kube lula ukudala imibhede yemifino eminingi, i-broccoli, i-mixborders ne-curbs.

Izibonelo zezinto ezivame kakhulu kumklamo we-landscape zonyaka: i-petunia. I-Astra, i-tagetes noma i-marigold, i-antirrinum noma i-snapdragon, i-ageratum, i-helenium, i-arctotis, i-cynia, i-gypsophila enomusa, i-calendula, iklabishi yokuhlobisa, i- rudbeckia.

Emasikweni angaphakathi, isitshalo sonyaka noma se-biennial calceolaria sithandwa. Ezimbizeni, ezitsheni kanye nezimbiza zesikhathi eside, izimbali ezikhanyayo ze-lobelia, i-nasturtiums, i-tunbergia ngokumelene nesizinda sesitshalo esimnandi namahlamvu aluhlaza kubonakala emangalisayo. Phakathi kwezitshalo zonyaka kunamakha amahle: ama-gillyflowers, ugwayi ocolile, u-reseda, ama-peas amnandi. Izindawo zokwelapha ziyi-sage, i-echinacea.

Izitshalo ezilula zikhula kalula kusuka ezihlwini, izithombo zalezi zitshalo zivame ukutholakala kahle uma zifakelwa izitshalo zokugcina izithombo kanye neziqukathi zibe emhlabathini ovulekile.