Salmon Fish. Izinhlobo salmon kanye nencazelo yabo

Salmonidae omndeni izinhlanzi kuphela okungukuthi suborder Salmoniformes. Akukho omunye umuntu okungenani kanye abazange bazame izitsha noma chum salmon, Grayling ne-salmon. Kodwa izinhlanzi ama-salmon iyisibiliboco phakathi gourmets. Njengoba nezibiliboco abadumile obomvu baziswa emhlabeni wonke. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu uyazi ukuthi uhlu abameleli ababizwa kwelinye elithi "salmon" kuyinto ngempela ebanzi.

Uhlu abameleli Salmoniformes

Lo mndeni siqukethe labo abamele salmon njengoba ama-salmon nama yefilakisi, trout futhi Grayling, wezinhlamvu futhi Cisco, whitefish futhi trout ensundu, Chinook futhi coho, sockeye kanye chum salmon rainbow trout. Atiwa kakhulu abaningi salmon trout ebizwe izinhlanzi ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukahlukene. Lezi amagama afana sihlangene.

Salmonid zinhlobo inhlanzi, uhlu okuyinto uvezwa lapha ihlobana emachibini anadromous, okusho abahlala kwezilwandle, kodwa eziyizimbangela emanzini angenawo usawoti emifuleni egijima. Ngezinye izikhathi le ndlela yokuphila kuwufanele kubo nasenzalweni yabo engakazalwa.

Fish alo mkhaya bukhoma olwandle - zasePacific naseNyakatho-Atlantic, kanye amanzi aqabulayo we zindawo maphakathi nasenyakatho futhi amanzi Nenkabazwe. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke zizalela emhlabathini kubhekwa eKamchatka.

Cishe zonke izinhlobo salmon aziswa njengezinto izinhlanzi ukudla. Futhi ukukhiqizwa yabo iqhutshwa hhayi kuphela ngenxa uju inyama okumnandi futhi esiyigugu, kodwa nezalo caviar ibiza ngokweqile, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi uju. Yingakho abanye salmonids ukuzalela namuhla on the esengozini yokuqothulwa. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo ngisho ezisohlwini "Red Book" ukuze azivikele.

Salmon yezinyoni - salmon izinhlanzi okuyinto eyayenziwe ezifuywa umusa. Futhi, abanye abalimi izinhlanzi ezifuywa trout zilwane.

Amapharamitha eyinhloko ngabameli salmon

Ubude umzimba ngabameli salmon zazisuka Ubukhulu encane kakhulu embalwa nje ngamasentimitha ngamamitha amabili. Emincane kakhulu kukhona whitefish, kodwa salmon, trout futhi Chinook salmon, njengoba ngobukhulu ukufinyelela amakhilogremu 70 ngesisindo.

Ngokuvamile, ukuphila kulezi inhlanzi kukhawulwe iminyaka engu-15. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi kunezindlela eyikhulu kweqiniso. Ngokwesibonelo, kwatholakala trout - inhlanzi zezinto eziphilayo salmon ukuthi aphila iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50 futhi ngesikhathi bamba kuhlaziywe 105 amakhilogremu! Futhi ubukhulu owasinda wamangaza wonke umuntu: amamitha amabili nesigamu okusezingeni eliphezulu - ukuthi ubude umzimba wawo!

ukubukeka Salmoniformes

Abamele Salmoniformes isakhiwo yabo esondelene kakhulu Clupeiformes. Ngokusobala, isikhathi eside futhi kubhekwe izihlobo zabo abaseduze we inhlanzi abadumile. Kodwa esanda kutholakala, ososayensi abatadisha inhlanzi, wabonisa ukuthi inhlangano ezimele. Ngenxa yalesi kokutholakala, ababekuso iqembu elehlukile, ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi - Salmoniformes.

Ingaphakathi lale nhlanzi singatsheki onomfutho, side futhi izikali round simboziwe. Olunye uhlobo, isikali babe ikamu ngosiko. Abaningi salmon zihlukaniswa izindawo khona emzimbeni, uhlobo nakrap. Isici ehlukile futhi i-lateral line egijima kanye umzimba.

amaphiko Salmoniformes

Amaphiko pectoral kukhona zonke izinhlobo lo mndeni ube imisebe izihlahla ezinameva. Ziyakwazi nizkosidyaschimi. Kodwa ngo amaphiko ventral kuyinto imisebe eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu.

Kukhona esinye isici esithakazelisayo lezo zinhlanzi. Lokhu, isibonelo, amaphiko amaphiko, okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-ezimbili salmon. Omunye wabo, a real, kunothile ukukhanya. Futhi salmonids liqukethe kusuka imbewu engu 10 kuya 16, futhi ngezinye hariusovyh - kusuka 17 kuya 24. Ukulandela lokhu kungenye fin bezluchevoy ebizwe amafutha. Itholakala ngqo okuphambene fin anal futhi isici isici kulo mndeni zezinhlanzi.

isakhiwo Salmoniformes

Kukhona nezinye izindawo umehluko phakathi amalungu alo mkhaya kusuka bonke abanye. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-salmon nhlanzi ebhukuda esinyeni, yokuxhuma emphinjeni isiteshi ekhethekile. Ithumbu ifakwe ezihlobene yayo eminingi pyloric. Umlomo izinhlanzi phezulu salmon umkhaya izungezwe amabili namabhuzu amathambo ngokuthi premaxillary futhi maxillary.

Isici ezithakazelisayo nabesifazane ezahlukene abangenalo oviducts esingesihle, lapho ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa amaqanda kusukela esibelethweni ngokushesha ewela ngqo umgodi umzimba.

Fish salmon kusimangaze yokuthi kuba phambi nezinkophe okusobala. Futhi, Salmoniformes kakhulu kuze kube sekufeni akusho ossified ngokuphelele skeleton. Ngokwesibonelo, kakhulu zonke skull siqukethe uqwanga futhi ohlangothini amagatsha hhayi abaqhubeke izidumbu vertebral.

Ukuzingela ngokungemthetho ubulala ukuze kukhululwe inzalo ka-salmon

Phakathi zidala izici evelele, nezinye alo mkhaya zezinhlanzi. Iqiniso lokuthi le nqubo kwenzeka kuphela amanzi ahlanzekile. Ngakho-ke, izinhlanzi ezifudukayo abahlala ulwandle nezilwandle, lapho Amanzi anosawoti omningi, zidala kuyanda umfula e imifula nemifudlana. Lake Salmoniformes wabuyela endaweni lapho azalelwa bona.

Kusekhona amaningi imibono eyayisinesikhathi letichaza kutsi kungani imiphumela noma kungani izinhlanzi kudingeka uthole phansi zidala iyindawo lokuzalwa kwakhe. Kodwa abasolwa ingangqubuzani ikhanda lami phezu lo mbuzo. Basuke sibambe sale Eqinisweni waphakamisela abachitha doroguschy lenqwaba inhlanzi, ukulungele abelethe inzalo ezingenakubalwa. Endleleni eya zidala ngezizathu asethwe amanetha, wasebenzisa amaphakheji alufakwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukukhanya aliveli omningi salmon.

Ngokuthatha isinyathelo kuqala endaweni efanayo ngendlela nabazingeli abangekho emthethweni hhayi kuphela ngoba uya zidala izinhlanzi Kulula kakhulu ukubamba. Umbuzo namanje futhi isekelwe Iqiniso lokuthi ngaphambi kokuba zidala salmon ku yokuguqukela kwesinye isimo kwangaphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, baye degenerated isisu, isibindi nesisu, inyama ilahlekelwa kuyaqina namafutha nokuqukethwe kwalo, ngokwemvelo kuthinta ukunambitheka umkhiqizo.

zidala salmon

Njengoba sekuphawuliwe kakade, esikhathini sangaphambi zizalela zashintsha isigubhukane yizinhlanzi omkhaya salmon. Ngaphezu kwalokho ekulahlekelweni palatability of inyama, basuke aguqulwe futhi ngaphandle: umzimba ulahlekelwa esiliva yayo, umbala yayo iba licace, ivele umzimba obomvu kanye namabala amnyama, kuba ephakeme. Abesilisa kwezinye zezinhlobo babe humps, nokuthi Kwakubonakala igama ingenye kwezinhlobo - salmon.

Imihlathi ushintsho salmonids: egoba engenhla phansi, futhi phansi, kunalokho, phezulu, okwandisa ubukhulu amazinyo.

Fish salmon wesilisa phakathi nenkathi zidala uthola lomshado izingubo elikhanyayo. Ngamunye zenyathi futhi ezihlukahlukene ukubukeka ngalesi sikhathi ehlukile.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi iningi salmon anadromous ngemva zidala uyafa. uthola isiphetho esinjena elilindele Pacific salmon, sockeye, salmon pink nabanye abambalwa. Kodwa phakathi abantu Atlantic, e-salmon esithile, abanye abantu uphathe ukuze bahlale bephila. Kwakukhona izimo lapho zidala izinhlanzi kwelinye lalivela izikhathi ezine, futhi kwake ayebala ngisho irekhodi - salmon wafika sizale okwesihlanu!

trout

uhlu kakhulu omkhulu abamele salmonids. zinhlobo ezahlukene ngokubonakala yabo, kanye izindawo. Esinye sezibonelo zalokhu trout - salmon umndeni. Kungenzeka kungabi uhlobo oluthile, futhi igama collective ambalwa. Ngokubukeka, akuwona wonke umuntu ongase akwazi ukunquma ngabanye ngqo lenye lwesimila. Kodwa ochwepheshe ukuhlukanisa Alpine futhi Scottish, abantu baseYurophu abathuthela kule American, umfula nechibi, kanye rainbow trout. Zonke bale kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi muhle.

Ekhuluma trout rainbow, ingasaphathwa zako phezu kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo. Le nhlanzi linesizotha lokudla okumnandi kakhulu, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho, futhi muhle kakhulu. Igama lakhe uvele sibonga esikhanyayo umbala emzimbeni ukuthi shimmers ekukhanyeni bonke imibala rainbow.

Trout sinenai kwezohwebo, njengoba ezifuywa ngempumelelo eyayenziwe okuzingela futhi sokudla. Ezinye zokudla zinikeza gourmets uyikhethe ngokucophelela inhlanzi bukhoma amadamu ekhethekile yokufakelwa ukuthi ukubamba amanetha ukupheka upheke nekhasimende. Ukuzalela trout zinhlobo ngaphandle trout zihlanganisa trout futhi wezinhlamvu kuyinto.

Chinook

Lokhu Salmoniformes omele spawns ikakhulukazi Koryak upland, eKamchatka futhi le Commander Islands. Chinook salmon - omunye salmon elikhulu ePacific Ocean, kanye iningi elikhulu ezihlala emanzini angenawo usawoti enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ezinye zezinhlobo ukufinyelela isisindo amakhilogremu ayisithupha nge obuphelele umzimba ilingana cishe elilodwa amamitha nengxenye. Chinook ezahlukene umbala zokubona: amachashaza amancane amachashazi bahlakazekile okhakhayini, fin amaphiko nomsila kanye kanye engxenyeni engaphezulu emzimbeni.

inja-salmon

Cishe zonke izinhlobo salmonid zezinhlanzi, isithombe zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko yilezi izindawo emzimbeni futhi amaphiko. Kodwa chum ihlukanisa ukungabikho yabo ephelele. Ngokuvamile-ke kungenziwa waphawula izimpawu eyethile lomshado izingubo. Lokhu ngokuvamile lemicu empunga elinamathela othini pink imivimbo ukuthi ukusebenzisa yonkana esifubeni.

Phakathi zidala chum ngokucijile zihlukaniswa kusuka zonke izinhlobo salmon. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi umzimba wakhe lihlotshiswe isiphambano esibomvu-black ngemivimbo oluhlaza. A chum wesilisa kusimangaze amazinyo akhe omkhulu ukuthi ukukhuthalele sikhule ngalesi sikhathi ukuze azinalo ikhono uvale umlomo wakho.

obomvu salmon

Eyesibili igama lalo ummeleli we-salmon - abomvu inhlanzi, ngoba inyama akuyona pink kuwo, njengazo zonke ezinye amalungu salmon, futhi ukushuba abomvu. Yebo, futhi phakathi nenkathi yokuzalela, lolu hlobo salmon has a Umbala esiyingqayizivele: ikhanda oluhlaza engena emzimbeni abomvu.

Ngaphambi zidala, insikazi yakha isidleke yinzalo yakhe yesikhathi esizayo. It ngamandla ihamba amaphiko ngaphezu komhlabathi itshana, lakhukhula esihlabathini esihle futhi daka. Khona-ke likhipha obomvu salmon nezibiliboco, okuyinto, kuncike lokushisa kuma ikhulela izinsuku 50 kuya kwezingu-150. Ukuqedela resorption we izibungu isikhuphasha sac bahlale izidleke zesifazane kumama eyakhelwe.

Grayling

Lona omunye abameleli amahle kakhulu salmonids. Yena Monochrome umpofu omnyama emuva futhi izinhlangothi, izinhlobo ezithile abe namabala amnyama ezakheke ehlukahlukene nobukhulu. ESiberia futhi zholtopyatnisty, lase-Amur, kanye Lower Amur kanye iBaikal Grayling zihlukaniswa khona ngokubomvu izindawo ezinkulu ezinhlangothini esiswini. amaphiko okhalo ahlotshiswe ngemivimbo abomvu ansundu. Lezi ithrekhi ezinemibala uphonswa anemibala onsomi. Bright maroon umsila nobendunu amaphiko Grayling portrait okuphelele kwalesi emuhle.

whitefish

Lolu hlobo lwe-salmon kubhekwa polymorphic njengoba izici zigcizelela ukuthi acace mbono, kunzima. Mhlawumbe uzinake yokuntuleka amazinyo khona ngalo ingaphakathi aphansi. Ezinye izinhlobo zawo kungabonakala nasemkhakheni evelele rylnuyu indawo. Phakathi salmon kulolu hlobo zihlanganisa abameleli ayetholakala.

Ubude umzimba whitefish kungaba 10 cm zinhlobo amancane cm 60 - wonkana. Nokuphila kwalezi izinhlanzi ongafinyelela kuze iminyaka 20, kodwa izinhlanzi kukhona zezinhlobo ezivamile kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi 7 kuya ku-10. whitefish Semianadromous nechibi ngezinye izikhathi akhule 68 cm ubude kanye esikhulile ingaba nesisindo 2kg. Umuntu enkulu okuyinto akwazi ukubamba, kwadingeka mass 12 kg.

Khuluma mayelana salmon kungaba elingapheli - izinto kangaka emangalisayo futhi ezithakazelisayo ezihlobene nale umndeni zezinhlanzi.