Plane Myasishcheva: Amaphrojekthi izindiza

Igama oluvelele Soviet izindiza umklami uVladimir Mikhailovich Myasishcheva baziwa kakhulu ngokuba phakathi nawo-sixties of leminyaka elidlule. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi izindiza kwalo kuqala kuboniswe umphakathi.

VM Myasischev lidlule abasemazingeni ahlukahlukene entuthuko izindiza. Umsebenzi wakhe zokusebenza waqala njengendlela draftsman elula, kokuqeda abakhulu umklami yayo.

izindiza Myasishcheva (izithombe kungabonakala kulesi sihloko) Kwakudingeka ngokuphuthumayo USSR.

Lokhu kwakubangelwa obhekwe izikhali zenuzi. Ukuwelwa enyukliya ku Japan, i-United States iye unolwazi wonke mayelana ekuqaleni kwenkathi entsha zenuzi ukuba bagomela bokuphakama yayo. Nokho, ngemva ukubukeka kwezikhali zenuzi eSoviet Union phambi ubuholi yezwe got umbuzo obalulekile mayelana nokwenzeka ekuletheni enyukliya ensimini isitha ezingaba khona. Ukuze sibhekane nale nkinga kwasiza ithuthukiswe eU.SSR izindiza Myasishcheva.

Umhlangano wokuqala nge zezindiza

Myasischev uVladimir Mihaylovich wazalwa 28/09/1902, e Efremov edolobheni, etholakala esifundazweni Tula. Ngiseyingane, wayengumuntu izinyane evamile, musa besaba nandaba inqubo. Eminyakeni 11, uVladimir wabhalisa esikoleni sendawo lobuchwepheshe, lapho afundela khona isimiso izimisele zezibalo.

Phakathi Yombango e Yefremov wayeka lamabutho abashayeli bezindiza wezempi balibangise Southern Front. UVladimir, ayebonile ngaphambili ukuthi izindiza kuphela umagazini izithombe, ungase ucabangele kahle "izinyoni steel" uqobo ngisho sathola ithuba uzithinta. Kamuva lo mcimbi Myasischev ezichazwe Umlando wakhe. Waphawula ukuthi umhlangano izindiza babenziwa umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa on kuye ukuthi umise kusengaphambili ukuthi iyoba lonke ukudalelwa.

studentship

Московского Высшего Технического училища . Ngo-1920, uVladimir Myasischev wafika eMoscow futhi engena ubuhlakani mechanical YaseMoscow Ephakeme Technical School. Yena kuhlanganiswe izifundo zakhe ngomsebenzi draftsman at Sci-umshayeli Air Force airfield. Lapha waqale wazama isandla sakhe indima umklami. Experience in izindiza design, etholwe lo msebenzi, uVladimir iwusizo ikusasa lakhe.

Mqondo iphrojekthi Myasishcheva wathinta isihloko zonke-metal fighter. Lokhu kwaba nalokho akusho lapho umsebenzi design yakhe engakathenjiswa umshado nhlobo. Ngaleyo minyaka yonke eSoviet Union kwaba kuphela zonke-metal izindiza ANT-3, kuyinto brainchild of A. N. Tupoleva. Lokhu kuqinisekisa izinto ezintsha kanye nokufuna yinkimbinkimbi sakhethwa Myasishchev. Nokho, naphezu kwalokhu, idiploma yakhe uVladimir bavikela ngempumelelo.

Qala umsebenzi

Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu Myasischev waba ilungu Central Aero-Hydrodynamic Institute. Induna yakhe ngokushesha ngesikhathi TsAGI kwaba uVladimir Petlyakov, inhloko kwesigaba iphiko. принимал самое активное участие во многих работах. Lapha uVladimir wathatha ukuhlanganyela ngenkuthalo emisebenzini eminingi. ТБ 1 и ТБ 3 , а также проектировал для этих самолетов бомбовые отсеки. Waba kwamaphiko ekuhlaseleni TB onobuhle 1 no-3-TB, futhi yakhelwe lezi izindiza ibhomu bay. Futhi kule nkathi Myasischev wakwazi azibonakalise njengoba umklami abahlakaniphe kakhulu, uhlanganise imisebenzi eyabelwe yona nge ucwaningo.

Le sipho esisha

umklami Young nesithakazelo emsebenzini AN Tupolev. izindiza Famous ahlinzekwa umnyango Myasishcheva ukuphathwa abazikhandlayo futhi abanamakhono bezindiza zokuhlola. , Владимир Михайлович получил задание спроектировать торпедоносец. Ukuba kulesi sikhundla, uVladimir wanikezwa umsebenzi ukwakha torpedo. Kwakuwusuku lokuqala izindiza Myasishcheva. Torpedo, eyayintula ezinye ukuklanywa izixazululo, ihlolwe ngempumelelo. Nokho, ikhomishana omunye sasendizeni Indiza iphahlazeke. Kulesi khona we torpedo ke usuphethiwe.

ukuboleka isipiliyoni

века советские конструкторы не могли предложить стране надежные самолеты. Esikhathini 30s kwekhulu lama-20, abaklami Soviet asikwazanga ukunikela lizwe indiza okuthembekile. самолет DC 3 в Америке. Khona-ke uhulumeni wamaSoviet wanquma ukuthenga i-umgibeli izindiza eziphambili DC 3 eMelika. Design Its ingasetshenziswa ngezindlela ezimbili - umgibeli nezokuthutha. VM Myasischev langena ikhomishana kukhona indiza, bese wabelwa ukufunda imidwebo izindiza kanye translation intshi imethrikhi. Nokho, leli cala alizange lilethwe ekupheleni.

kweminyaka eboshiwe

тюрьмой. Ngo-1938 Myasischev waboshwa wabekwa umklamo ehhovisi avaliwe, ijele. этого места – ЦКБ 29 НКВД . Igama elisemthethweni le ndawo - 29 CKB NKVD. Lokhu Bureau Kuboshwe abaklami bezindiza kwabathatha ukudalwa izindiza. Myasischev wasebenza lapha ngaphansi kweso Petlyakova. Yakha fighter - wanikezwa umsebenzi phambi kwabo.

Kulezi zimo ezinzima ejele, wesibili indiza Myasishcheva yadalwa - a eziphakeme imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo webhomu. Le phrojekthi livele nguhulumeni, okuyinto eye wavumela uVladimir Mikhailovich ephethwe design ehhovisi lakhe siqu. Futhi kakade ngo-1938, ngabona ukukhanya yomsebenzi iphrojekthi entsha. Kwakuyisikhathi Myasishcheva indiza - nesinye eziphakeme webhomu DVB-102. Omusha kulo izindiza kwadingeka ezindaweni ezimbalwa:

- gumbi Umfutho, lapho abashayeli bezindiza behlaliswe 4;

- imitha eziyisithupha ibhomu okusezingeni eliphezulu bay;

- isibhamu, okuyinto ukuphathwa kungenziwa ukude.

Ngo-1940, 29 we CDB NKVD Myasischev wayiswa Omsk ngaphandle kokuba unelungelo lokushiya. Umuzi aqhubeka izindiza design mkhuba-102. Umshini wokuqala kule modeli lwakhiwe kudala njengoba 1941, okubonisa ijubane ezinhle futhi ukuphakama kwawo phakathi novivinyo. Ngaphansi kulindeleke kwakumane nje indiza ibanga webhomu, ngenxa okuyinto futhi ukukhiqizwa yayo ye-serial ukuthi awenziwanga. Nokho, i-Government waphawula umklami sika by yokunikeza kuye Umklomelo State.

Uma kuphahlazeka indiza Kushone VM Petlyakov, Myasischev baqhubeka icala kudalwa webhomu dive. Phakathi neminyaka yempi ngesikhathi Kazan kwemboni, lapho umklami wasebenza nabo ngokuvamile kudala KB, sakhishwa engaba yishumi ukushintshwa indiza.

Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i ezinezithelo zabo emsebenzini Myasischev waklonyeliswa Order of Suvorov nekubeka elisezingeni jikelele ezinkulu, Bureau yakhe yahlakazeka ngo-1946. UVladimir Mikhailovich waqala ukusebenza njengoba dean, okuholela uMnyango Aircraft YaseMoscow Aviation Institute. курс «Конструкция и проектирование самолетов ». Lapha wafunda abafundi Yiqiniso "Ukwakhiwa kanye nomklamo izindiza."

Iminyaka komsebenzi Mai Myasischev elalinikezelwe ukuqeqeshwa onjiniyela abasebasha. Lapha Waqhubeka bahlanganyele ukwakhiwa izindiza. iPlani lakhe ukudizayina imiphumela yesikhathi eside ezayo jet webhomu zamasu. Ukuze umsebenzi wakhe, + bakhangwa abafundi ngokunikeza kubo izihloko kudingekile coursework nezindaba eziphathelene nezifundo. Le phrojekthi wafakwa evunywe i-Ministry of Aviation Imboni. Myasishcheva waphinda okunikelwe laba yinhloko usayizi zabo.

Ukudala ekuhlaseleni amasu

myasishchev okusha waqala ukuphila yayo ngo-1951, uVladimir Mikhailovich ngokushesha ngasibuyisela zonke Abaklami engisebenze naye eminyakeni edlule. I KB kuhanjiswa wanikezwa izindiza inombolo isitshalo 22. Amashabhu zokukhiqiza abekade Fili.

Myasishchev izindiza athuthukile imibono ngokuyinhloko entsha. Bona ezazikhathaza ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya futhi bakhe izindiza. Ngakho, kulezi izindiza enakekela "ibhayisikili" kokwehla igiya. Kwakumelwe yokubeka ezimbili eziyisisekelo kwi fuselage futhi Racks ezimbili ezincane imikhawulo amaphiko. Kungakapheli unyaka Bureau ngesikhathi isitshalo bathunyelwa imidwebo mayelana 55.000.

Test webhomu amasu

Kuthiwa igama elibi sitholwa yiwo wonke ngemva kwempi ezindizeni Myasishcheva, - "M". Eyokuqala senziwa ngo-1952 Ngo-October, wathatha phansi ukuhlolwa kwakhe kuqala esikhumulweni sezindiza kubo. Zhukovsky. Okuwukuphela ethile ezinkulu izindiza, okuyinto lamiswa ngo irekhodi kwesikhathi (ngemuva kwezinyanga ezingu-22), kwaba abalulekile petrol. Nokho, iphuzu lapha kwaba injini wakhe, okuyinto yakhelwe CB A. A. Mikulina.

Eyokuqala Soviet amasu jet webhomu lokuqala behamba ngebhanoyi esibhakabhakeni, 20/01/1953, kalula alishiye evulekile. Lezi izindiza abizwa myasishchev M 4. Abashayeli ofike ngendiza kubo, wathi kalula ukuzanywa futhi izindiza - lula ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuthuthukisa imodeli

Naphezu Izibuyekezo ezinhle, VM Myasischev akagcinanga lapho. Waqhubeka ngcono M 4. Ezinyangeni ezimbili nje, onjiniyela Bureau kwakhe futhi zilethwe simila imidwebo ezingaphezu kuka ayizinkulungwane eziyisikhombisa, baletha ndawonye ukuguqulwa entsha webhomu. Kwakuyisikhathi indiza Myasishcheva M 3 ukuhlolwa entsha webhomu senzeka entwasahlobo ka 1956 ngesikhathi airfield e Zhukovsky. Kodwa emoyeni kube nenkinga wokwengamela, futhi wasenqaba omunye izinjini. Nokho, ukuhlolwa umshayeli M. L. Galley bakwazi ukuyohlala indiza M3 Myasishcheva evulekile. Enhlabathini, zonke izinkinga ngokushesha yathola futhi iqedwe.

Ngemva kwalokho, indiza M3 Myasishcheva (bheka ngezansi isithombe) yanikwa ukukhiqizwa chungechunge. Lokhu izindiza lithuthukile ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya futhi kwaba idelakufa main e-USSR.

Aircraft M efanayo 4 ashintshiwe ekuklanyweni izindiza futhi akhonzwa refueling lonke ezokuthutha ibanga zezindiza.

Kanyekanye umsebenzi ukuguqulwa kanye nokwenziwa ngcono ekuhlaseleni osuvele ukhona, amaphrojekthi ezithuthukisa zezindiza zamasu. Kwakuwusuku imodeli indiza 31 Myasishcheva, kanye 32 no-34 ubudala.

Ukulungiswa 31 no-31 babe webhomu kokuba transonic isivinini indiza. Model 32 kuyinto leSupersonic. M Plane 34 wawuhlutha eliphakeme indiza izici. Isivinini salo esiphezulu okungenzeka indiza - 1350 amakhilomitha ngehora.

Zonke izifundo eyenziwa kulezi amaphrojekthi, waba isisekelo sezinguqulo evelele umsebenzi myasishchev ukuthuthukisa nangomcibisholo leSupersonic "Buran-40".

tekutfutsa bagibeli

Kanyekanye ukudalwa ekuhlaseleni ezempi KB VM Myasishcheva wahlanganyela ekuthuthukiseni izindiza elinokuthula. Ngeshwa, le umgibeli izindiza project design ehhovisi ayitholanga ukuqhubeka.

Le ndiza 50 M

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhulumeni wamaSoviet awuzange ethunywe uVladimir Mikhailovich umsebenzi omusha. Kwakuyisikhathi indiza Myasishcheva M 50, owaba webhomu leSupersonic zamasu. Ngaphambi kwalesi sikhathi into enjalo ngisho afakwa ku zezindiza emhlabeni.

Plane M 50 kwadingeka ngezinga eliphezulu ezishintshayo ukuphathwa, okuye kwanciphisa inani izisebenzi ezimbili. Futhi lonke webhomu Kwatholakala yimpumelelo kakhulu. Okuwukuphela indawo ababuthakathaka kwaba injini. Ngaleso sikhathi e-USSR, le ngxenye ebalulekile izindiza azange abe umthamo eyanele, ukuthembeka kanye nemphilo lendze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zonke izinjini ekhiqizwa kulelo zwe achitha fuel kakhulu. Angikwazanga ukuthola ofanele unit and izindiza Myasischev, futhi izindiza zayo'M 50 azikwazanga ukufinyelela ijubane leSupersonic. Lokhu kwakuwumnikelo ka-isizathu esiyinhloko design eziphambili Vladimir Mikhailovich ivaliwe. Plane M 50 iye isetshenziselwe izinjongo zokuhlola. Wazibona zonke izinhlobo ezintsha. Isikhathi sokugcina M 50 Wakhumula at a idunyiswe wezempi e Tushino. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho indiza lapho yanikwa le Monino Museum komuzi.

Enye iphrojekthi esivelele kwakuyi myasishchev webhomu leSupersonic M 52. Nokho, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni langaphambilini, lokhu indiza alutholakalanga ezidingekile injini nokwenza kwayo. Esibhakabhakeni idelakufa futhi akazange avuke.

Manual umshayeli isitshalo

Ngo-1967, uVladimir Mikhailovich ubelinde isabelo esisha. It ivume okuthunyelwe ka uMphathi zokuhlola umshini wokwakha isitshalo, amandla ukukhiqizwa itholakala edolobheni Zhukovsky. Kube inohlelo CB encane okuyiwona Myasischev reassembles iqembu design. этого Владимир Михайлович взялся за разработку стратегического сверхзвукового многорежимного бомбардировщика. Kuphela ngemva kwalokho uVladimir wasiphakamisa ukuthuthukiswa a amasu multi-mode webhomu leSupersonic. In parallel CB efanayo imisebenzi yayo yenziwa amaqembu PO Sukhoi futhi A. N. Tupoleva.

Myasishchev okuphakanyiswe ngokuyinhloko entsha iphiko wesifunda kokuba shanela onhlobonhlobo. Ngaphambili, kwakukhona ikhambi elinjalo design ezindizeni P. O. Suhova futhi onobuhle American. Nokho, zonke izinguqulo ezandulele baye baba ingxenye esifushane kakhulu deflectable iphiko. Lo msebenzi V M. Myasischeva akalingani namuntu. Le isixazululo design yasetshenziselwa A. N. Tupolevym. Ngemva yimpumelelo kakhulu kwakuwukuthi Myasischev yakhelwe. самолета Владимира Михайловича . I Tu-160 wagcina esakhiwe cishe ngokuphelele ngesisekelo uVladimir Mikhailovich izindiza.

BEMZ eholwa Myasishcheva aklame bese yakhiwa indiza ukubhubhisa Balloons ezisebusweni Stratosphere. , способный развивать скорость до семисот километров в час , поднимаясь на высоту до двадцати двух тысяч метров. Kwakuyisikhathi indiza M 17, uyakwazi ngesivinini kuze kube amakhilomitha angamakhulu ayisikhombisa ngehora, njengoba ephakama ukuphakama kwamamitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nambili.

Banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni zezindiza

UVladimir Mihaylovich Myasischev waya target kuphela amathrekhi unbeaten. Umuntu onesibindi olungenamkhawulo ubunjiniyela kanye isipho lobuchwepheshe ekugwemeni izingozi kusengaphambili, kwadingeka amakhono okukhulu yenhlangano, ukudweba izixazululo zayo engavamile lonke ithimba KB.

Impendulo yombuzo lokho ukukala okomnikelo umklami emlandweni zezindiza, ungathola ngemva kokubuka le movie "Myasischev, izindiza eziningana futhi bonke ukuphila" (2010).

Ngamunye imisebenzi uVladimir Mikhailovich kuye kwasusa umgoqo yangempela esikhathini esizayo. Futhi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi inqwaba amaphrojekthi kuze kube sekupheleni ekhuliswe ambalwa kuphela, izindiza ngamunye Myasishcheva langena umlando zezindiza yethu.

UVladimir wafa 14/10/1978, cishe ngemuva kwenyanga semidesyatishestiletiya yakhe. Abangaphezu kwesigamu eminyakeni eyikhulu wanika zezindiza Myasischev. Kuyo yonke le minyaka liye kutshalwa abafundi abaningi abakahle. Iningi lazo, futhi nanamuhla elisaqhubeka ukusebenza zezindiza.

umsebenzi Creative Vladimir Mikhailovich iyisibonelo esivelele abaklami imfundamakhwela, kodwa le ndlela yakhe nobuholi singasebenza njengesisekelo esiqinile sokufinyelela imodeli kulabo namuhla uphokophele ucwaningo nentuthuko izinhlangano.