Enamathela kukagesi. Electroplating Technology. Electroplating

enamathela kukagesi indlela enamathela metal kwezinye izindlela electrolysis. Le nqubo Kwenziwa usebenzisa izindlela ukucwiliswa ezivamile. Ngemva kwalokhu preconditioning wesifunda amabhodi abasindwayo ku okugeza Plating, okuyinto capacitance i yisivikelo eligcwele i electrolyte futhi unikelwe anodes (angase encibilikayo futhi zingaxazululeki) kanye nedivayisi I-ekugcineni ukushisa nobhebhezela ikhambi.

Icubungula izimali

Ukudluliswa kwe-DC kuholela yokuthi ukuthi kwambulwe imaski zokuzivikela futhi uxhumeke kwi-izingxenye electrode ebhodini imbozwe ungqimba nickel noma igolide eqinile. ngendlela efanele ye anodes kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukushuba enamathela cishe iyunifomu.

PCB igolide Plating ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa inqubo esinezinyathelo. Okokuqala, afakwa amanzi okugeza, lapho nickel sisetshenziswa ngu Electroplating. Lokhu isebenzisa okusezingeni eliphezulu kwabantu kwamanje, lapho ikhambi azibukhali ungqimba nickel is imali, a ukushuba 0.05-0.1 microns. Lokhu kuqinisekisa adhesion eqinile nickel nethusi, esehlisa porosity umgwengwezi futhi ukuvimbela Ukungena zethusi ku ungqimba igolide. Ngemva kokugeza, izihloko kuvame ezihambelayo okugeza gilding lapho umthamo wenziwe ngegolide isendlalelo ukuze 0.5 m kusuka electrolyte.

Electroplating futhi umhlobiso

Ngisho nasezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona umhlobiso metal kwezobuciko. ukukhiqizwa Modern isikisela ukuthi ukuze lidlulisele ezinye izakhiwo ethile metal ukwelashwa surface kukagesi isetshenziswe. ezinengilazi ayisivikelo izinsimbi yizicukuthwane ingatholakala ngokusebenzisa kwezulu izinsimbi kusukela brines bedle i kagesi. Ngalezi ezinengilazi kungenzeka u-Adalberto isikhathi eside ukulondoloza umbala kanye ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo ubucwebe. Abenzi kuphela ukuvimbela ukuhwalala imikhiqizo, kodwa futhi ube yinto enhle kakhulu ezipholisha umphumela. Ngokwesibonelo, Plating ngegolide noma isiliva evumela ukuba alondoloze unaphakade umbala futhi elicwebezela ngokukhethekile ubucwebe.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana okuhlukile yale nqubo, ngamunye okubandakanya ukusetshenziswa metal:

--chrome;

- Plating zethusi;

- zinc;

- nickel;

- enamathela tin-bismuth;

- chemical namachibi;

- chemical passivation;

- Anodizing;

- electropolishing.

chromium-Plating

Lokhu ukugcwaliswa ngokukhukhumala kwentamo chromium steel surface noma nokufaka ku izingxenye impahla ungqimba kusukela electrolyte ngaphansi isenzo kagesi. Kulokhu, Electroplating eligxile Ukuvikelwa ukugqwala isetshenziselwa ukuhlobisa noma ngenxa yokwanda degree of ebusweni ubulukhuni. Plating embonini futhi ingasetshenziswa umhlobiso. Kulokhu, umgomo oyinhloko we-nqubo - uzipha metallic ebusweni ayebuthaka enhle ezikhexisa umlomo. Umniningwane ngaphambi isicelo of chromium ukuba iphucuziwe.

enamathela izakhiwo

Hard Plating-chrome libhekene ukushisa ukumelana, bafake okusezingeni eliphezulu ukumelana, wettability abampofu, ngomshikisho ongaphakeme, futhi plasticity ongaphakeme. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ebusweni uthola izindawo ezifana ukuzinza ngokuya friction, ikhono lokubekezelela ukusatshalaliswa umthwalo, kanye nemibi ohambisana nokubhujiswa bagxila kalula ngaphansi ukushaqeka imithwalo. Plating chromium ngesimo ubisi has a degree eliphansi ubulukhuni futhi bagqoke ukumelana, porosity ongaphakeme. Kwamanzi bavikelekile ukugqwala kube kugcinwe ukubukeka ekhangayo zokuhlobisa.

Ukusetshenziswa-chrome Plating umkhakha

Injongo eyinhloko okuyiwona isetshenziswa umkhakha, lokhu kupha imininingwane izakhiwo ezinjalo, ezifana ukuqina yanda, anda ukumelana ukugqwala futhi ukunciphisa ukuhilizisana. Ngokusebenzisa le nqubo, i-steel buyaqina, igesi akuyona ngaphansi ukugqwala futhi asibhubhi e yasolwandle amanzi avamile, nitric acid. enamathela kukagesi yalolu hlobo kuholela yokuthi izici ebusweni abe abalulekile kuphela ngenxa yini edingekayo ukuze wenze kucutshungulwe, kusukela kulokhu akunamthelela ukuqondanisa.

copperplating

Ukusebenzisa ezinengilazi zethusi efanele kulezo zimo lapho kuyadingeka ukwandisa conductivity kagesi, kanye nokusetshenziswa yabo njengoba isendlalelo eziphakathi on umkhiqizo steel ngaphambi kokuba imali-chrome, nickel noma ezinye enamathela. Ngakho kungenzeka ukunikeza adhesion kangcono, futhi kuthuthukise ikhono zokuzivikela. Plating yethusi ngokuvamile hhayi esetshenziswa njengendlela ehlukile noma zokuhlobisa. Ngenxa metal asebenzayo uyakwazi ekuvimbeleni ukwakheka izinhlansi umkhiqizo kungasetshenziswa ku uwoyela negesi umkhakha.

Ukusetshenziswa zethusi Plating

Le nqubo isetshenziselwa enamathela sethusi umkhiqizo steel noma ngocingo steel. Ngokuvamile, lolu hlobo enamathela okokuvikela izindawo imikhiqizo steel kusukela usimende kanye kusetshenzwe ngesikhathi esifanayo wadalula kulezo zindawo lapho kulindeleke ukuqhubekisela phambili ukucutshungulwa ngokusika.

Electroplating enamathela metal kuleli cala ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa uwoyela negesi umkhakha ukuvimbela ukwakheka izinhlansi emkhakheni kagesi sebethule alandelayo ezinengilazi multilayer eyenzelwe ukuvikela kanye umhlobiso, ekukhiqizeni wesifunda amabhodi ezinyathelisiwe, ukuthuthukisa nokunamathisela ngomthofu, kanye nabanye abaningi. Surface uthola umbala kusuka pink ukukhanya obomvu amnyama. I shades ngokuvamile zilandele izilinganiso ezithile.

galvanizing

Eyodwa yezindlela ezivamile ukuze kuvikeleke imikhiqizo sensimbi galvanizing. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa ukwelapha ezihlukahlukene ingxubevange noma i-carbon steel amamaki. Electroplating yalolu hlobo kuyinto funa eyanele ukuze kuvikeleke lwezihloko eyenziwe wire kanye iziqobosho. Ukuthola endaweni olumanzi, ebusweni zinc ukhonza njengoba anode, kanjalo uvimbele namachibi ukuphendula, kanye metal umzali ngenkathi ethola ukuvikelwa izici zendawo ezimbi.

Electroplating yalolu hlobo ingasetshenziswa kuphela emva umkhiqizo metal alunge ngendlela ekhethekile. Ukuze wenze kanjalo, sula kubo kusukela nokugqwala, isikali, hardware ukupholisa igrisi izicelo. Lapho inqubo galvanizing kuqedile, umkhiqizo kufanele ngaphansi ukucaciseleka, isb it is kwagxila nge isixazululo ezibuthakathaka nitric acid, kulandele passivation. Ngakho akukhona nje kungenzeka ukwandisa ukumelana imikhiqizo lashukumisa ukuze ezintweni ezingezinhle, kodwa futhi ukuze abenze zokuhlobisa more, okungukuthi, ukuze ungeze akhanye futhi abe luhlaza ezithile. Electroplating Technology kulokhu kuhilela ukushuba zinc ungqimba 6 microns 1.5 mm.

nickel-Plating

Ukuvikelwa imikhiqizo metal Kungafezani usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene. Omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi evamile okwamanje ne-nickel. ithandwa kangaka kungenxa nezakhi ezithile zamakhemikhali nickel. It possesses ngezinga eliphezulu ukumelana ukugqwala e i osebenzelana aqueous, futhi oxide ne-nickel kuvimbela namachibi ngokwengeziwe metal. Ngaphezu kwalokho, nickel kabi amenable ukuba nosawoti, acid kanye alkalis, kwasinda nitric acid. Ngokwesibonelo, ukushuba Plating ka 0,125 mm zivikela amagesi kakhulu ezimbonini nge ulaka anda. Kubalulekile kakhulu futhi isikhashana ezifana: nickel Plating amenable ukuba cishe zonke izinsimbi, ngakho le ndlela ingasetshenziswa kucutshungulwe imikhiqizo.

Ukusetshenziswa nickel kubafanele imisebenzi ehlukahlukene:

- ukuvikelwa kwemikhiqizo insimbi;

- sebenzisa njengoba ezinengilazi zokuhlobisa;

- pre-obumba isendlalelo ukuze babe sesimeni kucutshungulwe;

- yokutakula izingxenye nemikhulu.

I enamathela libhekene okusezingeni eliphezulu bafake ukumelana kanye ubulukhuni futhi Kunconywa izingxenye ezisebenza izimo friction, ikakhulukazi uma zingekho Lubrication, esetshenziselwa Ukuvikelwa ukugqwala, futhi ahlinzeke ukhwaliti ongaphakeme lokushisa brazing solders, zonke ebekiwe ISO. Nokho ezinengilazi Electroplated aye anda brittleness, is hhayi Kunconywa ukukhiqiza flaring nokugotshiswa izingxenye lidlule inqubo nickel Plating. Kunconywa ukuthi afake isicelo imininingwane slozhnoprofilirovannyh. Emva inqubo ukwelashwa ukushisa ngaphansi kwezimo lamadigri 400 Celsius enamathela iba ubulukhuni esiphezulu.

Tin-bismuth

I enamathela tin libhekene ukumelana isenzo compounds sulphur-equkethe, kutuswa ukuba izingxenye ukuthi kukhona nabo injoloba kanye Plastics. Phakathi impahla yayo kungenziwa ngokuthi adhesion kamnandi nomphathi metal isizinda, kuyaqina, ikhono eguqa, ukudweba, nginyathela, ukuvuleka, cindezela Linganisa, kanye nokugcinwa ezinhle ngesikhathi ukwakheka. Asanda tin enamathela ikufanele kahle nokunamathisela ngomthofu.

okutholakele

Plating ngcono izici izingxenye conductive, ebanikeza aphakeme ukwahlukanisa kagesi izakhiwo, kanye ngokuvikela ngokumelene umthelela izinto ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ivumela ukuthola ubuso kakhulu ukuba nombono sesibuko, kanye simulating enamathela koqweqwe lwawo. Kunzima yokugcizelela Electroplating ezibalulekile kanjani umkhakha yesimanje njengoba ekusungulweni kobuchwepheshe bokuthuthukisa akavunyelwe ukwenza inqubo neliphelele kunalelo.