Project 1174 "Rhino '. umkhumbi kokwehla elikhulu

Ukulwela ukukhipha supremacy esishintshashintshayo zasolwandle kunencazelo efanayo njengoba umoya wokuziphakamisa.

Troopers kusukela olwandle

Control endaweni akugcini a khulula iqhinga yempi futhi ukunyakaza ephephile imithambo ezokuthutha. Kukhona ithuba lokusekela ezweni layo siqu amabutho kokufika kusukela olwandle. Ngezinye izikhathi ukushaya kokubili emanzini nasezweni akukho okunye. imisebenzi Laziwe yeSisili laseNormandy, lapho oMfelandawonye eyenziwa ekuthatheni bridgeheads amabutho lokushaya ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni insimu German-matasa, batshengise ukubonisa ukubaluleka amasu leyo misebenzi. Izibonelo usebenzisa lokushaya ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni ngokwanele ngesiRashiya ngempi nomlando. Nakuba Russia ayizange olwenziwa imisebenzi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni amasu, kodwa ilungele ukwehla amandla expeditionary endaweni Istanbul ngo 1917.

imikhumbi Soviet ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni

Imikhumbi yokuqala ezikhethekile ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni beniyingxenye Navy Soviet ngemva kweMpi Yezwe II. Ukuguqulwa ngoxhaxha ugu olwandle edingekayo kubukezwe yokufuna yayo umqondo. Abakhi bemikhumbi Soviet akudingeki ulwazi olwanele ukuze bakwazi ukwakha imikhumbi le ndawo. Ngakho-ke, imikhumbi yokuqala ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni babekwa Poland, ngesikhathi Gdansk igceke lemikhumbi. Shipbuilding umthamo we shipyards owayekade eyisikhulu saseJalimane Sheehan eDanzig ikuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukuqala ukukhiqizwa uhlobo olusha lwemikhumbi. Uchungechunge lokuqala futhi omkhulu kakhulu steel ithangi kokwehla imikhumbi Project 701. Bakhonza emazweni amaningi Bloc Soviet, sazibonakalisa onesandla umhlabeleli.

Izinkinga kanye nezixazululo

Isilinganiso kokwehla imikhumbi kahle uhambisane imisebenzi ka ogwini. Kodwa Navy Soviet ngokuya uthola ocean ukubukeka. Kukhona isidingo esiphuthumayo kokwehla izikebhe, sebeyakwazi ukwenza in the isigaba abenza ocean kuphangwa, okuvumela ukudluliselwa ukwesekwa amabutho olude. Lo msebenzi kudingeka ukufuduka imikhumbi emikhulu ephawulekayo navigation ezizimele. Ngo-1964, i-Shipyard Design Bureau saseNevsky umkhankaso kwiphrojekthi 1174 "Rhino '. Lokhu cipher bathola uchungechunge entsha kokwehla imikhumbi emikhulu (BDK). Amagama yempi ngokwesiko kwakuhambelana nokuka ngesihloko esithile. Uchungechunge BBC "Rhinoceros" ubizwa ngokuthi behlonipha amaqhawe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

Uchungechunge "Rhinoceros"

Ukubulawa iphrojekthi edingekayo imali ethe izixazululo lobuchwepheshe kanye nezinkinga lomqondo. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa lokufikela imali enkulu imishini kanye nabasebenzi endaweni ayikwazi kusengaphambili kusengaphambili. amandla emkhunjini, okuyinto wanikezwa BBC ezintsha ezingaze ziyahlukahluka kakhulu. It wagcizelela isidingo hhayi kuphela ukuzinza okusezingeni eliphezulu zokusebenza yesikhulumi kokwehla, kodwa futhi nekhono basekelwe bayigubungele ibutho ukwehla. Ngenxa yalezi nezinye izizathu, iphrojekthi 1174 "Rhinoceros" kakhulu imisiwe. Noma kunjalo, konke kwenzeka eminyakeni engu-14 ngemuva kokuqala ukuthuthukiswa. Ukufika womkhumbi wokuqala omkhulu wabuye wangenela inkonzo ngo-1978. Ubude wakwazi ukwakha amayunithi ezintathu yephrojekthi. Okwamanje, Navy IsiRashiya sinamagama BDK kuphela "Mitrofan Moskalenko."

izici design

Displacement we mkhumbi omusha kwaba mayelana 12 000 wamathani. Project 1174 "Rhinoceros" ivumela ukuthutha futhi umhlaba nebutho elihamba futhi abangaba ngamashumi ayisihlanu izingcezu imishini esindayo. Ngezinye ibanga Cruising afika ku 4,000 nautical miles ku kuso isikhathi esingangenyanga ngokuzimela kungaba crew kokwehla amabutho. imikhumbi emithathu futhi emphemeni esikhulu aft superstructure Ubukhulu ukudala izimo ukhululekile yokuhlala bomlilo isitoreji ubuchwepheshe. Onezitezi anemisila amadivayisi ezihambayo imishini transportable.

imishini

amakhono Landing uvumele ukunikeza kokwehla elisogwini engakuhlomele futhi engakuhlomele. Project 1174 "Rhinoceros" inikeza izinketho eziningana for umsebenzi. Ukuze kokufika ogwini noma emanzini angajulile lingasetshenziswa acinene esishelelayo esangweni nge kummango retractable. Ngabo, kungenzeka ukwehlisa elintantayo nezempi ngaphandle esondela foreshore. Lo mkhumbi has a Dokha okuphakelayo ikhamera. It yenzelwe non-elintantayo ukulayisha imishini phezu izikebhe kokwehla nakuzingxenyekazi self ezinezinjini. Ngakho, ukulethwa amabutho umkhumbi ogwini akazange ancike we kugasela ukujula ukutholakala ogwini. Kanyekanye ebusweni kusho ngokudlulisela amabutho kuya BDK "Ivan Rogov" izibulo chungechunge, uma ubonisa ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usebenzisa izindiza ezinophephela emhlane abahlala kokubili emanzini nangaphandle for okusheshayo kwehla yokukhanya lokushaya amaqembu nokusekelwa amabutho. Helicopter Iqembu okwaziyo ukukhulula ku bridgehead ukuze ombutho 64 zihlonyiselwe indiza eyodwa, ukuze hlinzeka them shoka umlilo noma basishiye.

izikhali

Kwakuthinta babecabanga ukuthi BBC osebenza isigaba, ukuqinisekisa uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. Noma kunjalo, lo msebenzi 1174 "Rhinoceros" enikeziwe izikhali kuyindaba eqakathekileko. I umkhumbi wawungahamba ukusekela lokufikela wezikhali kanye rocket umlilo. Ngenxa yale njongo ke ifakwe okusheshayo-76 milimitha inganono shelwe turret ku ethangini. Ngaphezu izibhamu medium amandla osezingeni umlilo olunikezwa amane nesithupha-barreled wezikhali iyunithi.

Uhlelo nge ligijima iyunithi iziqu osezingeni 30 mm kudala ukuminyana omkhulu umlilo. umsebenzi wakhe ukuvikela lens kusuka lomoya nolwandle ukuhlaselwa. Air ukuzivikela BDK wenza short-range emoyeni ukuzivikela izinhlelo isinyathelo futhi ephathekayo anti-aircraft missile izinhlelo, okuyiwona yayinemibhoshongo ngemuva nangaphambili ekhethekile ekuqaleni-up anikezwa. ukwesekwa Fire amayunithi itshalwe kungabuye enikeziwe missile uhlelo "Grad" izicelo zasolwandle. Ngu zingakuqeda yini ukuhlonyiswa ngezikhali imikhumbi ezifana "Ivan Rogov" kufanele futhi ufake ezine Ka-29 ulwandle-based, ibekwe emphemeni engenhla. Ngaphezu imisebenzi ukuzivikela futhi ukusekela lokufikela lezi ezinophephela emhlane bayakwazi ukuqhuba anti-ngwenya nempi kwesimo endaweni.

Alternative "Mistral"

Oda eFrance amane okushaya ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni umkhumbi ikilasi "Mistral" ubephelezelwa nengxoxo asebenzayo nemibuthano ochwepheshe kanye nomphakathi. izingxoxo Olukhulu ngokuthi sokuthenga phesheya capital nemikhumbi, kwabangela izinxushunxushu. ESoviet Union lakha izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu lobuchwepheshe kanye ukwakhiwa kwezikhali. Zombili izinhlangothi mpikiswano ube izizathu umbono wakhe inkinga. Ngempela, i-Russia unakho ukwakha umkhumbi noma isiphi isigaba.

Kodwa umlando iphrojekthi 1174, owathatha iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu eyishumi nanhlanu edlule, ubonisa kushuba ubumbaxambili umbuzo. imikhumbi Russian zibuyela emuva izilwandle futhi kuphakama umbuzo ukubukeka ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni isigaba ingxenye, ithuluzi projection kwamandla kolwandle ezweni. Endlunkulu Navy, isifiso linqoba ukuthola hhayi kuphela craft kokwehla, kodwa futhi maphakathi zokusebenza yonke imikhumbi, ngawo ungaphatha imisebenzi iqembu.

Landing umkhumbi salokhu inzuzo sobala phezu ezivamile ukulwa umkhumbi. Izinzuzo "Mistral" kuzomele sifake ukulawula ephelele nokuxhumana uhlelo. Ngaphezu kokufika umthwalo efanayo, it okuthwala 16 multi-indima ezinophephela emhlane, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa amathuba okuphathwa isiteleka amandla ka amasosha. Amagama yempi ikilasi "Mistral" ibonisa amagama Russian iqhawe emadolobheni. Abaphikisi ukubeka phambili nesimo kunengqondo yokufuna izikhali ezweni lapho kuyinto ilungu aphikisanayo ngalokutsite esigodzini lempi, uthela izingozi ezingalindelekile. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo.

imvuselelo iphrojekthi

Ukunyamalala eSoviet Union kanye nempikiswano eqhubekayo kwenza nokuntengantenga komnotho eboshelwe lezisekelo imikhumbi. Kwakuthinta elingasekho empini futhi BDK "Alexander Nikolaev". Kwakuwusuku umkhumbi yochungechunge yesibili. kuphela umkhumbi esisodwa esikhulu kokwehla elaliqhubeka.

Ukuthuthukiswa lwemikhumbi ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni babeqhubeka befuna ukwehluleka. umkhumbi Lead yochungechunge "Ivan Gren" libuye wanamathela esitokisini ngenxa izinguquko njalo kule phrojekthi. ukwenqaba waseFrance ukuba banikeze UDC "Mistral" ezine cishe akuwenzanga kukhethwa Navy Command. imikhumbi Russian ezisebenza ezindaweni wasolwandle, abadinga kokwehla ingxenye. I nakho okubuhlungu ukuthenga izikhali ukhiye izinhlelo ezivela kwamanye lixwayisa Ukuphinda yayo. Kutfutfukiswa iphrojekthi entsha ayikwazanga zephuze unomphela. Ngakho-ke, isimangalo namuhla ukuthi esikhundleni "Mistral" ngeke liphinde liqalwe kabusha "Rhinoceros" ukukhiqizwa BDK cipher. Yiqiniso, akuyona uhambisane izifiso of Naval Abasebenzi, ofuna abe platform kokwehla esithuthuke kabanzana futhi jikelele, kodwa uma nje ayikho enye isixazululo.