Mycotoxicoses - ke ... Ukuvimbela mycotoxin

imikhiqizo Ukusingathwa isikhunta ezithile yingozi enkulu ukuba abantu nezilwane. Kukhona into efana mycotoxicoses. Leli qembu ezithile izifo ukuthi zibe ngenxa yemiphumela engemihle ubuthi - imikhiqizo umzimba isikhunta isikhunta.

Iyini ingozi isikhunta

Lezi nezilwanyana ezincane zigcwele wonke amazwekazi iplanethi yethu, futhi ubuthi kuzala kubangele umonakalo ngokuthi kokubili kwezomnotho (ngenxa umonakalo impahla), kanye kwabantu nezilwane impilo. Imikhiqizo babe langakufanelekela ukudliwa, ukunambitheka kwabo kanye nezinye izimfanelo organoleptic ukuwohloka ngqo. Amakhowe, okuyinto engase ibangele ukuthuthukiswa isikhunta, isikhunta zihlukaniswe izimuncagazi (emangalisayo amasiko bukhoma) kanye saprophytes (asendleleni impilo izitshalo efile). I kwezimo ezifanele kusebenze zabo - lokushisa eliphezulu, umoya umswakama kusuka 95% okuphakelayo nomswakama ka-30%. Amagciwane mycotoxin (kukhona abangaba ngu-250) ungaqala izimpilo zabo kanye nokuvuna, ngesikhathi zokuthutha engalungile noma isitoreji. Uma isilwane ukudla, ukutheleleka fungal of isikhunta, inyama, ubisi iba Indawo nezilwanyana ezincane ezinjalo. Kulokhu, ematfuba kokuba utheleleke, futhi umuntu uzosebenzisa le mikhiqizo. mycotoxicosis isilwane uyakwazi ukuyibhubhisa. Kodwa akukho ukwephulwa siyingoti kungabangela idatha ubuthi abantu.

imiphumela emibi mycotoxins

Abumba i nomthelela omubi kakhulu cishe zonke izinhlelo zomzimba. Ezinye zazo zingabangela nezifo ezingamahlala khona abanye uphazamise ukusebenza isimiso sezinzwa. Dermatitis, komzimba nezinto, dysbiosis - lawa cishe izimpawu ingozi kakhulu kungabangela mycotoxicoses kanye nezifo fungal. Lezi zifo kungase kubangele ukuthuthukiswa sokuwohloka kwezinso, sifo, ukucindezeleka, kulimaze izitsha, kodwa futhi kuholele ukubukeka izimila. Inani elikhulu alawa magciwane ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa umbungu kwabesifazane abakhulelwe. Elinye iphuzu elibalulekile - bayakwazi ukuthonya apharathasi zofuzo zomuntu.

Aflatoxins. Imiphumela emibi ubuthi

I Amagciwane okucwaningwa ngawo kakhulu izifo fungal of mikotoksikozov emathunjini - A.flavus, aflatoxins. Kwangathi ukuthuthukisa emmbileni, ukolweni, ilayisi, cocoa, ikhofi, imifino kanye nezithelo. Ngokuyinhloko idatha ubuthi ezitholakala izitshalo, ezimweni ezingavamile imikhiqizo yezilwane - inyama, ubisi, amaqanda (kufika ku 1 mg / kg). Ngisho nengcosana aflatoxins uyakwazi ukuba nomthelela ongemuhle ezinganeni ezincane. Ochwepheshe baye basungula isixhumanisi phakathi ukuthuthukiswa eyinhloko nomdlavuza wesibindi, futhi leli qembu ubuthi. Uma aflatoxin njalo angena emzimbeni, umuntu bangezwa kwesisindo. Izingane nazo ukubambezela ekukhuleni kwayo. Ngokuvamile, lokhu ejenti kubangela izilwane mycotoxicosis - izingulube, lamathole nelezimbuzi. Libuye nozwelo aflatoxins kanye amadada, turkeys, goose. Lapho igciwane sina we yokufa 30% kuya ku-100% abantu sebebonke.

Fuzariotoksiny. izimpawu zokudakwa

Uma okusanhlamvu ebusika ibhola kweqhwa, ingozi enkulu ye Ukuswaba ukhunta. imikhiqizo yayo lokugayeka kokudla izinze ngempela. Fuzariotoksiny asibhubhi enqubeni abilayo, babe okusezingeni eliphezulu chemical ukumelana. Futhi elondolozwe ku okusanhlamvu ngaphezu konyaka owodwa. Lezi ubuthi ezibangela izifo ezifana angina ukonakala. Okokuqala, kukhona izimpawu nomphimbo obuhlungu, jikelele kancane nakakhulu. Khona-ke lo white cell segazi lwehla (cishe 10 izikhathi). Futhi sehle elithwala umoya-mpilo, ukuqubuka isici zingavela isikhumba. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, it is asathuthuka inqubo necrotizing. Ngakho-ke, izifo fungal, mycotoxicoses - lokhu kuyinto isifo esiyingozi ngokwedlulele ezidinga ukwelashwa abanekhono futhi elwa namagciwane. Grain okunobuthi fuzariotoksinami, noma kunjalo asifanele ukudliwa ngabantu kokubili abantu nezilwane. Sebenzisa kuphela i-processing lobuchwepheshe (isib enkulu ekwakhekeni utshwala zezimboni).

Ergotism. Izimpawu zokuqala

Esinye isikhunta, okuyinto uyakwazi okusanhlamvu ukushaya, - Claviceps purpurea. Amakoloni lesi silwanyana uba nombala omnyama onsomi. Ingabe senziwe spikelets rye, ukolweni. Uma amabele kahle bahlanza of ergot, le ezinobuthi zikhishwa ngqo ufulawa. Ukubhaka zezinto zokusebenza ezinjalo kungabangela ergotism. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ithinta kwezitho wokugaya ukudla. Bukisa zonke izimpawu ubuthi - isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu besisu. Ifomu ezinzima zalesi sifo ngokuhlaselwa ka ukuhhema, delirium. ifomu Okungenzeka futhi gangrenous, lapho kukhona necrosis wemikhawulo, ubuso. Ukwelashwa kulokhu lingaze ziqondiswe ukususwa lokudakwa. Indlela yokuqala yokulwa ergot kuyinto wekulihlanta izitshalo.

Stahibotriotoksikoz

idatha Mycotoxicoses - lawa izifo ezivame kakhulu izilwane akuvamile kubantu. I-ejenti causative - ubuthi ukhunta Stachybotrys alternans. Stahibotriotoksikoz - isimo esibi kakhulu amahhashi, izinkomo nezinkukhu. Isithombe sokucindezeleka kanje: kukhona ukuvuvukala kule ipheshana emathunjini, bese - izilonda necrotic wokugaya ukudla. Thuthukisa ukwehluleka oyingozi inhliziyo, agranulocytosis. Esinye isifo esithinta esimiso senhliziyo nemithambo yegazi sesilwane, - dendrodohpotokeikoz. Isici yalesi sifo samanje yayo okusheshayo, nokuholele ekushoneni kwezilwane kwenzeka.

Okunye mycotoxins esiyingozi

Lutho imikhiqizo engaphansi esiyingozi umzimba isikhunta kuthiwa ochratoxin A, patulin. ekilasini ushevu Okokuqala esikhiqiza ukhunta Penicillium, Aspergillus. Ukuze zamagama alo kudinga umswakama high komkhiqizo (hhayi ngaphansi kuka-22%). mycotoxicoses okunjalo - is ushevu izilwane, kahle izinso zisebenza abantu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochratoxin, afundwa kakhulu igazi, futhi uyakwazi ukungena ubisi lwebele. izifundo Laboratory ukuqinisekisa umphumela wawo umdlavuza. Patulin aqoqana ikakhulu amajikijolo, izithelo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ubuthi olumelana lokushisa eliphezulu, ngakho-ke kungatholakala nemikhiqizo kusetshenzwe ibe isithelo esibolile. Ikakhulukazi ngokuvamile ukuthola patulin e apple juice. Imiphumela ezibangela ubuthi ushevu, okubi kakhulu. Lokhu futhi edema ubuchopho, futhi ukungasebenzi kwezinso, wamaphaphu.

Ukuvimbela ekuqongeleleni ubuthi izitshalo

Ukunciphisa mycotoxicoses, zokuvimbela ngokubukeka kwabo kufanele sifake imisebenzi elandelayo. Zokuzalanisa izitshalo - indlela ephumelelayo ekulweni nesikhunta. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezakhi zofuzo kungagxilisa a ukumelana isiko nezilwanyana ezincane. Isimiso sesibili kuyiqiniso ubuchwepheshe yezolimo. Harvest bugcogcwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho aqine. ukuphathwa Okwalandela zokusanhlamvu futhi kubalulekile. Okokuqala udinga ukuhlanza imikhiqizo abathintekayo kusukela izakhi. Isitoreji impahla eluhlaza kumele kwenziwe ezindaweni kahle umoya, kubalulekile ukuba ukundlula amasiko embundwini nomswakama. Kubalulekile ukuze bafeze imisebenzi okuhloswe ngaso ukubhujiswa namagundane, izinambuzane amabele isitoreji izindawo. Ngaphambi ukucutshungulwa imikhiqizo ibhekane ukuhlolwa laboratory khona mycotoxins. Uma betholakala khona, kubalulekile ukuba uhlanze impahla eluhlaza noma ukuhoxiswa wako kusukela ukukhiqizwa.

Ukuvimbela mycotoxin ekhaya

Mycotoxicoses - isifo ngokuvamile aba ezingamahlalakhona. Buthelela ubuthi kuphela emva kwesikhathi esithize uqale ukukhubaza umzimba wethu. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yasekhaya kubaluleke kakhulu ukugwema ukuthuthukiswa isikhunta ekudleni okuvela kwamanye. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi isici esiyinhloko okuqinisekisa ukukhula alawa magciwane kuyinto umswakama high kanye lokushisa eliphezulu. Ukudla konakalisa ngokushesha, kubalulekile ukuba sihlole ngokucophelela. Lapho kuvela izimpawu zokuqala ukuthi isikhunta ekusebenziseni kwabo engcono ukuwenqaba. Yiqiniso, akuwona wonke isikhunta - kuba iyingozi. Nokho, ezibeka engozini impilo yabo namanje ngeke kukusize ngalutho kuso. Lo mthetho usebenza izithelo, imifino, ngezimpahla nezitini, sezimoto kanye neminye balondoloze ukudla okuthile. Ukudla kufanele futhi zihlolwe ngokucophelela. Uma kutholakala okusanhlamvu itheleleke ngoba ukudla ukudla okunjalo engasebenziseki kakade. mycotoxicoses Ukudla abangela umonakalo izilwane nezinyoni.