Medieval Umthetho wamaRoma. Izici kohlaka lomthetho Russia entsha

Yini uxhuma eRussia kugucuka wakhe ezenzeke eminyakeni yamuva, ngemisebenzi glossators Abahlaziyi XI leminyaka, wahlanganyela kohlaka cwaningo yomthetho waseRoma Bologna University? Ngasiphi esiteji of the wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo endaweni yangasese, ukusuthisa emuva impumelelo ongqondongqondo wenceku ka ngaphansi koMbuso WaseRoma, ke yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukukhokhela ubudlelwane emphakathini kosozimali eNtshonalanga Yurophu abasafufusa? Futhi kungani umthetho wamaRoma wathola ukuthuthukiswa yayo kuphela kwelinye direction, kanye (komthetho womphakathi) yesibili irrevocably wehlile emlandweni?

Logic of the impendulo yale mibuzo kanye eziningi eminye imibuzo, okuyiwona kukhona yokwamukela umthetho wamaRoma, ulula futhi esobala. Kodwa inqubo Ukungena komthetho, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se sezikhathini zamaRoma insimu ka-Western Europe, futhi ikakhulukazi e-Russia wezinzalamizi kuyinto ngempela ezithakazelisayo futhi azinake.

Medieval Umthetho wamaRoma kuhilela anhlobonhlobo izenzo zokulungisa, okubandakanya wokuboleka bese Ukukhetha, ukucubungula nokwenziwa kwezinkambiso imibono, izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo yomthetho waseRoma, okwabonisa bazilungele ukuziqondisa ubudlelwane emphakathini, unyawo eziteji ephakeme yentuthuko. Ukope Kwenziwa reception somthetho waseRoma eNtshonalanga Yurophu, ungakhetha imvamisa yale nqubo.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala, ukutadisha umthetho wamaRoma, namathonya aleli Yempucuko kuphela kwavusa kuye. Uma uphume European Ephakathi, inzalo savusa hhayi kuphela impumelelo yobuciko namasiko, eziphathelene EGrisi naseRoma lasendulo, kodwa futhi igalelo ongqondongqondo nososayensi kwemibuso lasendulo.

Esigabeni sesibili kwaba lokukwazi ukuzibonisa ngokugcwele izimiso of ubudlelwano yangasese umbono womphakathi, kanye nokusebenzisa kwayo umsebenzi abaqhuba amajaji.

Isigaba sesithathu kwaba inqubo lapho imibono kukhona emoyeni waqala ukuba lusebenze emva ukuhlolisisa ngokucophelela ukucutshungulwa kwezinkambiso kwemithetho.

Khuluma mayelana ukwemukelwa okungenamincele izimiso amalungelo lasendulo akudingekile. Eqinisweni, kwakukhona reception yomthetho waseRoma yangasese. Kodwa umthetho emphakathini, naphezu aura ngobukhulu sekukhona emhlabeni wonke endala, kwaba ezingasebenzi ngokuphelele emnothweni entsha. Isabelo wonke uMbuso German isihloko "Ongcwele WamaRoma", ukusungulwa eziningi uthi senates, ukusabalala abalulekile isihloko uMbusi Napoleon ngisho ukuvuselelwa okuthunyelwe ka "inxusa" lokuqala kwaba zomkhosi tinsel, unable dlweza ejensi nohulumeni wamaRoma. ubudlelwano okusha emphakathini, hhayi kuphela abuqede umthetho womphakathi Roman, kodwa futhi safuna wokubuyekeza kuphinde olukhulu izisekelo umthetho wangasese. Futhi kuphela sibonga Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo yayo yasekuqaleni eyisibambiso ikhono ukuthuthukisa reception iphutha yomthetho waseRoma ngesimo lapho khona ziqondakala oyisazi yesimanje.

Kukhona reception ephikisana kakhulu yomthetho waseRoma eRussia. Ngisho khona yale nqubo kuyindaba impikiswano phakathi ochwepheshe ekufundeni ezomthetho. Kukhona inqubo Luhambo komthetho Russian isiko Romano-zamaJalimane, okuncike komthetho wamaRoma nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu. Kodwa IRussia uhlu olude izimo ezithinta ukuthuthukiswa okuthile komthetho uwonke futhi civil, ngokukhethekile. Lona amandla amasiko sisekelwe inkathi yangaphambi wamavukelambuso Russia. Umthetho wamaRoma ngisho ngesikhathi XIX - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka XX wafuna embili zofuzo nge rem, ifa kanye nomthetho isibopho sezomthetho eRussia. Futhi, ukuba khona ubudlelwano zokuphatha-umyalo emphakathini ethile yafeza indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni imikhakha yonke isayensi isiRashiya, kuhlanganise imfundiso yokuziphendukela isimo kanye nomthetho. Lesi sici futhi umehluko ekuqondeni inqubo isimo sokuntenga komnotho ezweni kwadala impikiswano phakathi abahlaziyi zomthetho.

Kodwa uma kungenjalo, ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha umsebenzi ubudlelwane entsha emphakathini baphokophelele umthetho-isayensi ukwakha uhlaka lomthetho eqinile, esekelwe okutholakele kwezesayensi hhayi emibonweni zezombusazwe. Futhi le nkinga iyona komthetho wamaRoma yangasese kusiza ukuhlela ubudlelwano izincwadi ezingokomthetho zokuhlala umphakathi esanda abasafufusa.