Ukuqaphela zohlelo kwezindlu zamanani aphansi e-Russia

Namhlanje isimo somnotho eliye lakhula emphakathini wethu ayikuvumeli izakhamuzi ukuba abe imali phezulu ngokwanele. Yingakho sokuthenga umuzi kubantu abaningi isiba okwakuwumsebenzi onzima. Ngokuba iningi abaseRussia, kumane nje abatshelekayo bayehluleka ngekwetimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abantu abaningi bayesaba iqhaza ekwakhiweni ubuka niphanjwe ingcebo zimali, futhi abaningi sidle. Ngeshwa, ezimakethe zanamuhla akuvumeli baseRussia abangamaphesenti athola imali eyiphinda Ngokwesilinganiso, ukuba ngumnikazi emakhaya azo, ungayikhokhele lentengo ezanele.

uhlelo Federal

uhulumeni waseRussia kuthatha bonke izinyathelo ngokusemandleni ethu ukuze siqinisekise ukuthi iningi lezakhamuzi bakwazi ukuthenga izindlu zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo federal ngokuthi "Ezezindlu" sivunyiwe 17.09.2001 g. Inkathi nokuqaliswa kwalo kusukela 2002 futhi ebekwe 2010. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi kwamiswa lizwe futhi kuvunywe ngohlaka lomthetho kudingekile sokulungiswa izimpikiswano eziningi ezihlobene izindlu kanye nezinsizakalo zomphakathi, izindlu, kanye nokuhlinzeka amalungelo endawo.

05.09.2005 VV Putin evezwe izindlela zokuxazulula izinkinga ezihlobene ulwazi kanye ababasekelayo for ezempi, engxenyeni kahulumeni, kanye maqembu abuthakathaka. Ngenxa yalokho, kwamiswa inqubomgomo izindlu isimo, izimiso eziyinhloko zazo ezindaweni ezilandelayo yilezi:

• ukukhula isabelomali izindleko yezwe ngokuqondene izimali okuhloswe ngaso ukusekela imindeni abasha abadinga usizo;
• ukuhlinzeka izakhamuzi izindlu ezibangelwa imikhakha ekhethekile (ekhubazekile, Veterans izimpi njll ...);
• ukwesekwa ochwepheshe abasebasha kuhloswe ukusebenza nasemaphandleni;
• ukuxhaswa uHulumeni mortgages, kanye kumiswa AHML (ejensi ophethe ezezindlu kanye mortgage abolekise);
• ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda yobunjiniyela kunesidingo sokuba khona izindawo zokuhlala;
• ekudalweni futhi ukwamukelwa zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele evumela ukuba sifeze Ukukhishwa izibambiso mortgage-wasekela.

Ukuze isimo. Uhlelo ezingabizi izindlu waba ngokoqobo, uMkhandlu yasungulwa ngaphansi uMongameli we Russian Federation. Injongo yayo oyinhloko kwaba ukuqaliswa kwe-amaphrojekthi kuqala kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngokusho igunya uhlelo "Ezezindlu" ekugcineni evunyiwe.

Esigabeni sokuqala

Izinyathelo zokuqala izinhlelo zamanani aphansi eRussia ziye eyenziwa kusukela 2006 kuya koka-2007 Kule nkathi, ukuxazulula izinkinga ezifana:

• senyuse kutfolakala izindlu;
• ephansi inzalo engako, futhi ukunwetshwa mortgage abolekise imikhawulo;
• isibopho uMbuso ukuqinisekisa ukuthi siqu amamitha zabo square lwezigaba lomthetho izakhamuzi.

Uhlelo kwezindlu zamanani aphansi kuhlelwe ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala project yayo federal ukuthi lwenzelwe ukunikeza amafulethi nezindlu 69,5 inkulungwane. Honeymooners, kanye izinkulungwane 76,2. Izigaba Okunye yezakhamuzi. Kwakufanele ukwehlisa izinga ku mortgage, eyilethe 11%, kanye ukwandisa izinga ukwakhiwa kwezindlu ukuze eziyi-12.1 izinyawo square. m phakathi naso sonke isikhathi sokuqala.

Uhlelo federal "Ukunikeza zamanani aphansi" uye wabhekana eziningi izinkinga. Kakhulu ngokucindezelwa owawungumnyaka uleka umthamo ukukhiqizwa futhi nokushoda usimende. Lesi simo akavunyelwe ukuqhubeka nezinhlelo zakhe ngokugcwele. Futhi kuhlulekile ukwehlisa izinga ku mortgage. Esikhundleni ezihlelelwe 11% sasifana nokuthi 12.8%. Impumelelo uhlelo third-party isibe inqubomgomo isimo, okuhloswe ngazo ekukhuleni ngemali yokwakha. Ngo-2006 no-2007 lapho engunyaza cishe 820 bhiliyoni ruble.

Eyesibili esiteji of ukugcwaliseka iphrojekthi

Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba uhlelo ezingabizi izindlu 2008 Ngalesi sikhathi, uhulumeni zithobele ezimqoka:

• ukunika imindeni abasha abadinga uxhaso oludingekayo;
• nokwanda kokungabi kwezigidi ezingu 72,5 imiqulu ethunywe amamitha zokuhlala;
• ukwandisa ukukhanga mortgage abolekise nokukhuphula amavolumu yayo yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyisithupha ruble ngonyaka.

Ukuqaliswa izinhlelo zamanani aphansi zidinga ukutshalwa ngemali okukhulu. Ngenxa yale njongo kusukela isabelomali ruble 90,5 amabhiliyoni. Imisebenzi ukuthi uHulumeni Russian ukuba ningabeki isikhubekiso phambi kulesi sigaba, futhi yaxazululeka kancane kuphela. Ukuncipha ebonwe emkhakheni wezokwakha. Esikhundleni ezihlelelwe 72 bhiliyoni ephethwe kahle ukwethulwa square metres 63,8 bhiliyoni kuphela. m. Njengoba e esigabeni sokuqala uhlelo, ukukhula okukhulu izuzwe abatshelekayo kuphela. ngokwezinga layo ngisho lidlule ngaphambilini ehlelwe yi cishe 30 bhiliyoni ruble.

Isigaba sesithathu

Ngaphezu kwalokho athuthukile uhlelo isimo "okungabizi Ezezindlu" lithole e 2009-2012. Izikhombisi eyinhloko Government of the Russian Federation waqala kulezi iminyaka:

• ukuqaliswa kuxhaswa kuhulumeni ngoba emakethe yezindlu;
• ngcono ikhwalithi izici izindlu izakhiwo kanye HCS ukusebenza;
• inkanuko ukwakhiwa emikhulu kwezindlu eqolo;
• ukukhulisa inani inhlokodolobha ogunyaziwe adalwe AHML.

Ukuze kuxazululwe lezi zinkinga kwesabelomali isimo yabelwe imithombo yezimali eside. Izinto eziyinhloko kwezindleko saleli cala:

• ukuxazulula le nkinga yokuntuleka kwezindlu zabahlali izigaba nelungelo ;
• isiqondiso ruble 200 billion. AHML ubuyise nekomkhulu lalo ogunyaziwe;
• kulungiswe izakhiwo kanye Ukuthuthela izakhamuzi eziphuthumayo kanye nezindlu agugile.

Ngo umkhuba Uhlelo federal wakwazi ukushukumisa ikhono izakhamuzi 'ukukhokha. Lokhu Lwenziwe ngenxa Ukukhishwa inhlokodolobha kwabakhulelwe AHML izimali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi 2009-2012. 245,5 square metres wafakwa msebenzi. amamitha kwezindlu. A uxhaso ozinikele kusukela isabelomali isimo zaba:

• izindlu ukulungiswa - ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-70.
• ku izitifiketi isimo "Ezezindlu" - ruble 48,2 amabhiliyoni.;
• ku amafulethi wezempi - ruble 48 bhiliyoni.
• izindlu Veterans - ruble 55,8 amabhiliyoni.;
• ngokuba Izindawo eziphuthumayo agugile izindlu - ruble 41,5 amabhiliyoni.

Isiyonke imiphumela zohlelo federal

Iphrojekthi kazwelonke okuhloswe ngayo ukwenza ngcono izimo zokuphila eRussia eminyakeni 2002-2010, avunyelwe:

• ukwakha abanikazi isendlalelo esisha edingekayo ukuguqula HCS;
• Ukushintsha isakhiwo kwezindlu izindawo;
• ukwandisa isabelo Onjiniyela yangasese;
• lula izinqubo isethaphu esandulele ukwakhiwa kwezindlu;
• ukwandisa izindlu zangasese ngenkathi ekunciphiseni isimo impahla ivolumu.

Ukubeka imisebenzi emisha

17.12.2010 olunye uhlelo emkhakheni wokwakha izindlu zokuhlala for izakhamuzi zezwe sivunyiwe nguhulumeni Russian. Lalibizwa ngokuthi "Ezezindlu" futhi uye sezihlonziwe ukuze 2011-2015.

Lolu hlelo has a ukuma kwezenhlalo futhi yakhelwe ukuthuthukisa ngokuhlanganyela sphere enjalo yokuphila yomphakathi, ezifana nemfundo kanye nokunakekelwa kwempilo. Kulindeleke ukuthi lo msebenzi wesabelomali federal izonikezwa ruble 620 billion. Futhi imali izoya hhayi kuphela ngokudalwa emakethe enikeza indawo yokuhlala engabizi, kodwa futhi ukusebenza nezibopho isimo ezigabeni elibusisekile izakhamuzi.

It is kuhlelwe ukuthi ekupheleni 2015 square metres ezindlini kanye nezindlu ukwandisa ukufinyelela amadijithi ayizigidi ezingu-90. Futhi bahlezi kuyothuthuka emindenini ayizinkulungwane 86,9 futhi izinkulungwane 172 abashadile. Futhi konke lokhu ngezithukuthuku ngokuxhasa zendawo amabhajethi lesifunda ukubolekisa kanye loans ukuthengwa nabantu abalungile square metres.

Uhlelo "okungabizi Ezezindlu imindeni" ihlose ukwandisa izindlu ukuyikhokhela Inkomba kusuka 12 kuya kumaphesenti angu-30. Kulokhu, ukwakhiwa sihlelelwe ukunweba amafulethi umnotho.

Wokuqonda ukuphuma subtotal

Njengamanje uhlelo "Ezezindlu" uyaqhubeka wesenzo futhi umphumela wayo wokugcina kusasekuseni ukuqagula ukuthi lokhu. Nokho, ngo-2012 uMongameli Russia VV Putin uthumele umlayezo ku-Federal Assembly, elikhombisa imiphumela wesikhashana yephrojekthi kazwelonke. Kwakuthinta wagcizelela ukuthi uhulumeni wenze yonke imizamo ukudala izimo ezidingekayo ukuze sikwazi ukuqalisa ukusebenza uhlelo nabafuna izikhundla. Ngakho, okwandisa ukutholakala abatshelekayo. Minyaka yonke ke kwandisa ngamaphesenti angu 40-50. Nokho, ngenkathi lokhu kunganele ukuxazulula inkinga ubuhlungu, ngoba ukuba abuyisele ukubolekisa enjalo yilezo kuphela abahola ngaphezu kwesilinganiso. Futhi ezishiwo umlayezo mayelana nesinqumo ngempumelelo udaba yokunikeza izindlu abombutho Veterans. Ngishilo incwadi futhi izakhamuzi okwandisa sokuxazulula amavolumu kwezindlu agugile.

Futhi ngo-2012 uhulumeni waseRussia evunyiwe uhlelo olusha. Wabizwa ngokuthi 'Ukunikeza izindlu ukhululekile futhi ezingabizi kanye nezinsizakalo ndawo lapho izakhamuzi Russian. " Isenzo yaloluhlelo elisukela 2015 kuya 2020. Uhlelo kwalolu hlelo kuyokwenzeka ezingeni federal iqhaza emazweni nemizimba ka abahilelekile ezikhona kuhulumeni wasekhaya.

Isixazululo imisebenzi eyengeziwe

Uhlelo "izindlu okungabizi abasha" usebenza ngaphakathi "Ezezindlu" iphrojekthi sikahulumeni. Lapho kusebenta kwaso liye lasiza izinkulungwane zentsha imindeni abahlala eRussia.
Uhlelo "Youth - zamanani aphansi" wathatha uqale eminyakeni 2006. emihlanu kamuva, wathola umoya wakhe wesibili, njengoba oyedwa izifiki 2011 kwakuqala kuka 2,000 izakhamuzi abasha yezwe, scrapie ezimpilweni zabo emshadweni.

Uhlelo "Youth - zamanani aphansi" inikeza ukwabiwa inkece izabelomali wonke amazinga akhona. Umxhaso ukuba imikhaya ezincane, kuhlanganise akuphelele. Into esemqoka ukuthi engu-omdala amalungu ayo awazange idlule engu-35. Lwabalandeli zabelwe sokukhokhwa eliyinhloko mortgage. Uxhaso ingasetshenziswa futhi akhokhe ingxenye izindleko ukuze kwakhiwe noma ukuthenga izindlu.

Ngaphansi imithetho mortgage, indlu noma ifulethi ukuze wokuhlengwa aso agcwele eka- ebhange. Uma umndeni ayikwazi imali kwenza, isikhungo sezimali unelungelo ukuthengisa impahla ngelungelo ubunikazi. Nokho, uhlelo "imikhaya abasha - zamanani aphansi" ayikuvumeli ukuthuthukisa ngale ndlela. Isimo kuleli cala, ithatha umthwalo wemfanelo, edlala indima phakathi umboleki kanye yomuntu obolekisayo. Kulokhu, izidumbu lesifunda olufanele efuna deferment lokukhokha noma ukuhlelwa kabusha kwesikweletu uma yavuka izikweletu ngenxa yezizathu inhloso.

Kusukela ngo-2013 kuya 2020 uhlelo "imikhaya abasha - zamanani aphansi" kuzodinga ukutshalwa ngemali okukhulu, balinganiselwa ku ruble 1.9 trillion. Kuphela ingxenye yesithathu leli nani uzoqondiswa izabelomali emazingeni ehlukene. Inani elisele uzobe Izimali zimali abazimele kanye nezimali ze-non-kwesabelomali waboleka. Ikakhulukazi, kuyoba ukwaba ethile Sberbank eRussia futhi VTB Bank.

Nikeza cishe amahlanu amaphesenti baseRussia kanye izinhlelo izindlu uhulumeni ngezithukuthuku iqashwe nomphakathi. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo izonikezwa 1/10 ka elalisanda kwakhiwa square metres.

Yiziphi izimo eziyisisekelo ngaphansi kwazo isimo. uhlelo "umndeni Young - zamanani aphansi" kuyolethwa ukuphila? Izazi zilinganisela ukuthi isinqumo ngempumelelo inkinga ubuhlungu mhlawumbe ngenxa yokuzizwa ukhululeka Ukwehla 20% yezindleko ukwakhiwa ngamunye imitha square. Lokhu kuyoba kungenzeka ekwakhiweni umnotho izindlu, okuyinto, kumnyama noma kubomvu, yakhelwe ukuhambisana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso yesimanje.

Isimo usehlela ukhuthaze izinkampani commercial nokwakhiwa kwezindlu zezindlu zomphakathi, okuyinto ke ngeke yaqashiswa. Inzalo ka Onjiniyela ukuthola kumaphesenti athile engenayo esuka izinkontileka zokuqashwa.

Uhlelo "okungabizi Ezezindlu imindeni Young" kusho futhi wafeza injongo yayo eyinhloko kanye nokusetshenziswa uxhaso. sipho sakhe kulabo neyaziwayo abampofu futhi ayikwazi akhokhele. Lezi imindeni esivela ngezimali zikahulumeni abelwe sokukhokhwa lokuqala eyaphuma ngalo imalimboleko. Umxhaso kusekelwe izindlu atholakalayo futhi inani amalungu omndeni. Ngokwesilinganiso abelwe kusukela ayizinkulungwane 900. Ukuze-1.2 million. Ngo ibanga enjalo inani ukuze umndeni 3-4 abantu. Inani eliphelele ukuxhaswa uHulumeni bengase bazikhandlele ruble ayizigidi ezingu-2.2.

amalungu project

nemibandela uhlelo "okungabizi Ezezindlu imindeni Young" asikisela ukuthi:

• somshado ngokusemthethweni;
• yobudala amalungu omndeni amadala akazange idlule iminyaka engu-35;
• kukhona umthombo njalo imali;
• ukuhlinzekwa kwezindlu ngesikhathi engena Uhlelo akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 15 square metres ilungu ngalinye lomndeni;
• kukhona izakhamuzi WaseRussia;
• umndeni uhlala endaweni isihloko yezwe lapho eletha isitatimende yayo;
• Inikeza ulwazi engenayo, eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezimali intsha.

Thola ukwaziswa okugcwele mayelana nemibandela uhlelo bese usinika izitatimende kudingekile kwenziwa nguMnyango inqubomgomo ezezindlu, kanye intsha ezindabeni izitho elise endaweni sokubhalisa umndeni. Ngokuvamile, ukuthi akuphi ekuphathweni ezisemadolobheni noma lesifunda.

sezinkinga

Uhlelo "izindlu okungabizi" ikhange emindenini eminingi. Nokho, kungase kube izinkinga eziningana ukuthi ukudala ubunzima besikhashana kubantu abasha. Ngakho, inani elikhulu labo abafisa ukuthola ukwesekwa isimo zonke kakhulu elongates. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi ukuthenga umuzi imisiwe isikhathi esithile.

Kwenzeka futhi ukuthi emakethe yesibili, umndeni ungayitholi indlu ekahle bona. Kulokhu, kuzomele ukwakha noma ukuthenga ikhaya elalisanda kwakhiwa.

zamakhorali Iningi etholakala endaweni mortgage obolekisayo. Okuqukethwe isivumelwano esinjalo akulula kakhulu. Ngaphandle umndeni, esenziwa kwezimo ezithile, ungase ulahlekelwe creditworthiness yabo. Esimweni esinjalo, senyanga mortgage lokukhokha uyowa kakhulu intsha, kunciphise izinga labo lokuphila njengoba.

Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba. ukwesekwa State kuzokwenza umndeni ngamunye abasha ukuthola indawo noma indlu.

Amakamelo okulala awabange eMoscow

Uhlelo "okungabizi Ezezindlu" izobanjelwa zonke izindawo eRussia. It is ikhula ngesivinini futhi eMoscow. siqu square metres le project ungathola izakhamizi hhayi kuphela inhloko, kodwa futhi wonke amagumbi Russia, kanye bamazwe angaphandle.

"- zamanani aphansi imikhaya abasha" Uhlelo isetjenziswa njengoba okufanayo lapha? EMoscow kusukela ngo-2003, liye eyakhelwe ayizinkulungwane 7.7 zokuhlala, okuye kwasakazwa kohlaka kwale phrojekthi. Lokhu 462 sq. M. amamitha kwezindlu, eyakhiwe nokuxhasa endaweni yomcebo edolobheni. Kusolwa ukuthi intsha kudingeka ubhadala lokukhokhela isitolimende sokuqala, futhi leyo mali ingu-30% yezindleko ukwakhiwa kwemisebenzi, kanye umhlobiso kanye ukuthuthukisa indawo eseduze endlini.

Inani elisele avunyelwe ukuba abuyisele ingakapheli iminyaka 10. Lapho ingane izalwe yengcebo idolobha inike izimali ngoba befuna imbuyiselo-10 square metres efulethini. Ukuvela elinye ilungu elincane umndeni wenza sikwazi ukukhansela share awela 14 square metres. m. Ukuzalwa kwengane yesithathu nezingane okwalandela yenza kube lula imali ebolekiwe, oluba 18 impahla izikwele.

Uhlelo "izindlu okungabizi - intsha" buyaqhubeka umfutho. Phakathi nohlaka yayo sihlelwe ukuhlinzeka izindlu futhi labo ababenqaba awela isigaba sabantu ethembisayo abanamakhono. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, lezi ochwepheshe abasebasha kuyodingeka emikhakheni eyehlukene yomnotho.