Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna, umculi biography, lokusungula

Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna iyona umculi kuphela Soviet ukuba unikezwe Hans Christian Andersen Award ngegalelo lakhe efanekisa izincwadi zezingane. Ngo-Eva kaNcibijane yena ubezohlanganisa iminyaka 116 ubudala. Ngokusho imibiko walondoloza, le ntombazane, kamuva owaba komdwebi abadumile, wazalwa ngo-December 20 (7 ubudala) ngo-1900. Lapho esekhulile, ngezinye izikhathi njalo siyehla ngokwayo kweminyaka embalwa. Mhlawumbe, kungakho usuku lokuzalwa 1901 1902 Happy smiling indoda, yinkakha ukusebenza cwe - ngakho elichaza abantu besikhathi sakhe.

neminyaka lokusungula 70

Mavrina Tatiana (1900-1996) wayephila ezweni ngoba ecishe ibe ikhulu. ebuntwaneni sasetshenziswa nenkosi, intsha nokuvuthwa - e kwamaSoviet. Kulawa, kuthiwa: "wabona izinhlekelele eziningi ngaphambili." Ubunzima ngesikhathi esibucayi akazange kuthinte bezibona yayo omuhle zomhlaba. Ngokuhamba kweminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa wokutadisha Umdwebo ncwadi imifanekiso yena wadala igalari ekhumbulekayo izithombe emihle etemibhalo.

Kwakubonakala sengathi eSoviet Union kwakungelona ingane ongenayo zibabaza umbono omuhle kwendodakazi bobukhosi, ababulawa awukudla Chernavka. Incwadi ethi "Tale of the Dead Princess and the Knights Seven" ehlotshisiwe Tatyanoy Alekseevnoy, kwesokunxele ngo-1949. Izwe usefunde basigcina brushwork eduze primitivism, Old Russian futhi abantu art.

Uma okuvelayo kusukela ngokuvakashela fair Epiphany e Nizhny Novgorod sembelwa inhliziyo intombazane. Njengoba indoda avuthiwe, Lebedev wakhumbula amathoyizi ukuthi bayahlonishwa: ezinqoleni ukulayishwa babe ngenxa iVolga. Yena umxhwele umbono frost ehlanganiswa izinaliti unharnessed amahhashi owanikhipha ozithandayo Semenov futhi Gorodets amathoyizi akhe.

Kukhethwa sasisikhulu kangangokuba wagijima amehlo akhe. Izingane waya, khetha, kuze sikhule size sibe "izibalo elukhuni." Ukuthanda abantu amathoyizi uye luwuthinte yomsebenzi.

phestri

"Isampula ibhulashi 'ensimini entsha uye waphumelela. Umculi Tatiana Mavrina bashiya umlando ongeke ocebile: yakhe eseqophelweni eliphezulu isici izincwadi ezingaphezu kuka-200. Iningi - "Mavrinskiy Pushkiniana". Cabanga amantombazane amathathu ngaphansi kwewindi, sasenza kuhwalele, owesifazane Babarikha Swat nezinye izinhlamvu inemibalabala, "The Tale of Tsar Saltan".

Noma ngomusa ikati usosayensi ku iketanga legolide-oki esakaza ... Umdwebi kudala emhlabeni ekhethekile: ethuthumela, ovukayo umcabango, ephoqa ukuzindla ebanzi. Yena - ucezu ebuntwaneni bethu. Kunobufakazi bokuthi Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna imifanekiso yezinganekwane ka Pushkin ngifuna ukubhala ngaphezulu zeminyaka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Naphezu ukubhujiswa impi, izithombe fabulous ambonile yonke indawo.

Kusukela Lower eMoscow

Kusukela ebuntwaneni ujwayelene imisebenzi zabuna e nemibhoshongo ubudala Zagorje pink izakhiwo (Zagorsk kusuka 1930 kuya ku-1991, wabiza Sergiev Posad) umculi ngokwengqondo ababethukuthele bengqangqa kwathi ababadle Golden Cockerel inganekwane. Nokho, ukuba sina bahlanganyele emisebenzini Pushkin zibonisa isheduli umdwebi juqula yodwa emva Victory Omkhulu.

Ubani wayengadlali Tatiana Mavrina? Biography kweqoqo ummeleli we nezazi Russian Soviet ayiyona imfihlo. Wazalelwa Nizhny Novgorod. Igama likaYise Aleksey Ivanovich Lebedev. Mfundisi umbhali wangitshela igama indodakazi yakhe. Kodwa ngo-1930, wathatha igama - Igama lonina likamama.

noblewoman Ukubambezeleka Anastasia Petrovna Mavrina, efana nomyeni wakhe, eyingoduso ekufundiseni (kwaba umqondisi wesikole Nizhny Novgorod okuthiwa Gatsisskogo for girls labavela emindenini lephuyile). Alexei, no-Anastasia sebenezingane ezine - namadodakazi amathathu indodana. Baletha enemisebenzi athuthukile, bagxilisa inzondo uthando izincwadi, ubuciko, umculo.

Ukuphila inhlokodolobha

Tatiana - owayethandwa kakhulu kodadewabo. nomfowabo omncane, uSergei langena umlando Soviet njengoba usosayensi, oye wahola umkhakha ikhompyutha. Kusukela Lower emndenini yizicukuthwane kuhanjiswe ku Moscow ngo-1920. Wafunda esikoleni odumile zokudala Vhutemas-Vhutein (Higher Ubuciko Technical Studios futhi Institute). Wafunda umsebenzi abaculi French.

Ngezinye isigaba esithile abafundi ukhangwa abantu art (iconography nesithakazelo, lubok, ama-tile, amabhodi, Gingerbread). ulimi lwakhe lwebele olungokomfanekiso, lapho umbala "umsindo" izwe evulekile ububanzi futhi zokuhlobisa, kanye nokusungulwa ngokugqamile, Mavrina Tatiana kwakheka kancane kancane. Ukuba umculi wasiza othisha Sinezubov N., G. Fedorov, R. Falk.

Nice "kweshumi lombhaki"

Ngo-1929 eMoscow isingathwe mbukiso, wakhe ubuhanjelwe 13 abaculi. Iqembu okudala abasekeli abasha sibalo "e ijubane nemvelo 'wabizwa ngokuthi" Nantathu "(inani labamba iqhaza). Lebedeva Young futhi umyeni wakhe wesikhathi esizayo nalowo asebenzisana UNikolai Kuzmin langena iseli deniers "Ngokuvamile abantu baphuka izinqulu Gothic futhi ukungalingani engqondo. '

Ukuba abashadayo, ebusika babehlala egunjini elincane ngesikhathi Sukharev Square e Moscow. inkathi Warm ayethanda ukuchitha at-cottage e Abramtsevo. Mhlawumbe, kukhona bathola indlela yokuphila enempilo futhi bajabule zikhuthazwe. Futhi ukubhala uhlobo of "art buthule". Mavrina Tatiana ukudala ekhululekile olungokomfanekiso (ngezinye izikhathi tinged nge esikisela ucansi) ukukhwezwa umsebenzi. Bona amehlo sesibukeli.

Isimo esiyinhloko ekuphileni

Ngo ubuciko-1930 laliba phambi ekamelweni Nokubhekana Namaqiniso. Ngenxa ukucwaninga esiqinile futhi ingcindezi ethile yokucabanga, abaculi abaningi (kuhlanganise Mavrina futhi Kuzmin) waphendukela ekamelweni umculo, ukubonisa namathafa, eshukunyiswa uthando ezweni lakubo, izigcawu zokuphila komkhaya (lutho elalingavumelani ngohlaka etemibhalo yokungakholelwa).

Iqembu "13" uye wazakhela isitayela ingcaca. Ngokushesha, ngaphakathi yokuhlukanisa zomphakathi, waphela. Nokho, ngesitayela maphakathi nawo-1930 uthola "kweshumi lombhaki" baye baba yingxenye imifanekiso ncwadi futhi umagazini. Painting Tatyany Mavrinoy ikakhulukazi kungokwalabo le nkathi. imisebenzi French post-Impressionist asikhumbuza ukugeleza.

Collector futhi umdali zezimangaliso

Amafutha upende on ngendwangu okokugcina umculi wabhala ngo-1942. Kwaba isithombe "Ukudansa e Veranda yeqembu." Ngemva kwalokho, ngokuvumelana yokuvuma yakhe siqu, isiqalile impilo entsha. Kodwa owesifazane eqinile benza ithemba ngenxa yokuntuleka imibala nezindwangu for Umdwebo. Dalula notebook elula ipensela umdwebo eMoscow. Ngadlula ngasensimini nakuyo yonke inhloko-dolobha. Ngemva umlilo forties kwekhulu lamashumi amabili Tatyana uyakuthanda imifanekiso lokuqoqa, amathoyizi ubumba, emathileyi, umsebenzi efekethisiwe. Nge UNikolai Kuzmin abeka ndawonye iqoqo enviable Folk art izinto.

Futhi yena nomyeni wakhe wagqaba amasondo ukuphotha, ezincane emabhokisini birch namagxolo (tueski), amabhodlela, ukwenza amakhophi mikhondo athandwayo like ngokudala imifanekiso inganekwane empeleni. Ngakho, kusukela nto into, imihlobiso zokuhlobisa ngendlela eligadulayo ozalwa master sokudalwa wendabuko. Eminyakeni 1950-1960 umculi nge capital ukhangwa umfanekiso imvelo. Waqhubeka nemizana isiRashiya, umlando eholela ezikhathini zasendulo.

izibani Blue cornflowers

Kunini alihlola Tatiana Mavrina cornflowers ku window - Akunandaba. Okubaluleke kakhulu, isithombe ibonakala futhi uhlala ngisho nangemva kokufa kwakhe. Kubuka isithombe igama elifanayo, zesikole Soviet wangaphambili ukhumbule zithola amabhuku okufunda ngesikhathi isiRashiya, okuyinto wafundiswa azifundi. Ngesisekelo lesi sithombe eliqhakazile abafana athuthukile (nokuthuthukisa) isithakazelo zobuciko.

Umniningwane ngibukisisa abantu abakuzo we ngendwangu, futhi manje izingane zichaza lokho bona abacabanga ukuthi imibono umdwebi waqonda. Echaza ewindini esitezi phezulu, isandla inkosi sengathi waletha izilaleli ukuba isibhakabhaka. Ngenhla ophahleni, okuyinto kuyabonakala ukuthi indoda "ekamelweni", akukho ilanga. Kodwa khona ukukhanya ongabonakali ukunikeza amafu segolide, zibona on sill iwindi nembiza ingilazi, le esitsheni sezimbali.

Wonder ABC

Ngenxa yokuthi kwezihloko esithombeni (izimbali, amafu, indlu) akudingeki wabuka ecacile, umuzwa wokuthanda Dynamics engavamile: zonke ushintsho isikhundla emkhathini, sengathi encibilika ngenxa yokushisa. unhlangothi elula Deliquescent, futhi uba yini umphumela! Sithanda ukuzizwa imfudumalo a Sunbeam. okucacile isibhakabhaka-blue okunjalo, nokuyinto ezwakalayo: kusemini ehlobo. Izimbali ku window, hhayi ngaphakathi egumbini - njengendlela Animate kubizwe nemvelo ezingaphili. Sula "iso" imibala ukufanisa yasezulwini okwesibhakabhaka. isixazululo esiphelele.

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi "ABC" Mavrina - enye inguqulo ye imifanekiso inganekwane. Incwadi i-abasebancane kakhulu abonisa ukujula abantu bacabanga. Ukutadisha incwadi, izingane zethu yokwazi ihlaya okuhle, kukhona avulekile isiqondiso ijabule izimangaliso.

Primer kubhekwa omunye yobuciko, okuyinto encwadini ukushicilela zezingane akuyona kakhulu. Labo abaye bahlola ngokujulile futhi uhlola igalelo umdwebi Russian, imifanekiso, bathi: Brilliant zonke izici isiqongo lokusungula kuyinto cishe lungafinyeleleki.

interweaving abahlukile zezimangaliso

Ibhuku engavamile izingane zasenkulisa kanye esikoleni ubudala, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1969, hhayi njengoba isifundo elula. Uqobo ekhiqizwa General Directorate "Goznak" (eMoscow), isebenza kuphela oda obaluleke kakhulu ezweni. Lovers, futhi khumbula lokhu ukuyiprinta amakhadibhodi mncane obomvu, embossing igolide ekhaveni, incwadi jacket, ngesandla udonseleka on isizinda igolide.

Njengoba wabiza umsebenzi wakhe Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna? "Fairy Alfabhethi". Shono: lona wesifazane abanamakhono abakwazi ukuphila ngaphandle emhlabeni lapho konke ungamanga, + ngakho-ke isu, amnandi detushkam sifundo. Ukhanyisa zamagama, umculi emaphethini eziyinkimbinkimbi a sebuningini izindaba.

Ukufunda ngokudlala

A, b, c, d, e ... nasolwazini esibhakabhakeni Ladder ingenuous, bejabule, elikhanyayo, okuthembekile. Kubonakala sengathi e izwe ahlukahlukene yethu (ongakhetha kwenziwa wedwa ungabali), lokhu zamagama zakudala ayinakuqhathaniswa e ukutholakala, ukuhlakanipha, ukushaya emhloleni. Izingane ziyakuthanda ukudlala "egameni elithi." Mavrina Tatiana wasebenzisa le 'iqhinga ".

Izithombe kudume zonke izincwadi, siphile kanye isenzo ngendlela efanayo nozakwabo kumnandi. ephezulu amakhono - ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuzuzwa yobuciko zonke line, njalo zagogulinka. Can ubusuku bonke libhekwe njengelingcwele amahansi andiza (futhi baba yaga ngokumelene) njengoba ekhula boletus mushroom ezinyakaza ngoxhaxha Tsar Saltan yena ukudansela isiginci sakhe esikhwameni Coq Dadon.

Izinhlamvu edume kakhulu futhi ozithandayo inganekwane Tatyana kuvezwa hhayi kuphela "ngekhodi", kodwa emakhasini ehlukene. Ingane okuphakade emphefumulweni wami, Mavrina ngaso sonke isikhathi ukunikeza impendulo le mfumbe. Wacela izingane ukuzixazulula ngokwakho.

Lapha uhlala ukuhlakanipha

Yeka ukuthi kujabulisa kanjani ukuthi wahlala-emhlabeni Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna! Master imidwebo, njengokungathi wayevela inganekwane. imifanekiso amahle njengoba izithombe kumnandi. Ingokomoya, okuyinto entula izingane zanamuhla. inkomba Merry abheke kuphi okushiwo okuphakade zokuphila. Kukholakala ukuthi alethwe ku igalelo Russian umdwebi ihluzo izingane uzizwe izacile, awalethe ezijulile.

"ABC" zibhaliwe namuhla. Isengezo catastrophically zaspamlennye isikhulu emhlabeni emuva uElisha, uDade Alyonushka, Emelya isitofu, Sivka-Burka kaurka ongokwesiprofetho. Abazali abaningi bayavuma: zifuna ngempela izingane bebangabangani incwadi, ehlotshiswe isandla lokhu okuyinhloko Cabangisisa. Ezinye abeluleki wenze baye bathi: "Uma uthanda" isitayela Mavrinskiy ' ". Sithemba ukuthi wena no Kiddies yakho uzongithanda it.

nokuziqhenya yethu nobuhle

Qeda indaba, okuyinto okukhulunywa ngayo ekuqaleni: bhala yonke imizi isiRashiya, lapho Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna wavakashela, kunzima kakhulu. ukuvakashelwa Sakhe eside ukukhumbula asebemnkantsh 'ubomvu ka Zvenigorod, Pereslavl Zaleski, Yuriev-Polsky, Suzdal, Uglich, Yaroslavl, Kostroma. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi hambo zokudala - incwadi-albhamu esihloko sithi "Izindlela-imigwaqo", ihlanganiswe ukushicilela indlu "Umculi RSFSR" ngo-1980. Emongweni - 212 zama-izingxenye eziyingqayizivele Russia (emifanekiso, gouache).

Isihloko wendabuko "Mayelana Nombhali" iqukethe umbhalo ngezilimi eziningi (kuhlanganise isiNgisi, isiFulentshi, isiJalimane). Incwadi yanyatheliswa ngo Germany ngefomethi encyclopedic. Tatyana ekhetha amashidi, umugqa sakhiwo. Ngo-1976, ngoba umsebenzi wakhe waklonyeliswa isihloko iLaureate we Prize State zase-USSR, waba Umculi ahlonishwe yeRussia.

Ngokuthakazelisayo umbono art ezilandelayo (futhi izakhamuzi nje ukhathazekile) ngokuvamile ngemva kokufa umculi wadala eningi ukudunga kuzwakala kuyihaba. Kulokhu, kwenzeka okuphambene: ibinzana "umculi omkhulu" Ungase uthi, amahloni, njengoba kwenzeka ekuphileni. T. A. Mavrinoy ukusebenza lapho zonke iminyuziyamu ezinkulu yeRussia.