Mass izinyo lomhlathi hydrogen: ezinkulu nezincane nokukhiqiza

I akhanya adi-, ingxenye esiyisibopho udaba eziphilayo, amangqamuzana omoya ebalulekile ekuphileni - amanzi - futhi imayelana hydrogen. kakhulu Igama zihunyushelwe Russian ngosizo ukuguqulwa izingxenye lesiGreki - ". obeletha amanzi" Hydrogen - ikhemikhali kunalokho ezingezwakali futhi iyingozi (inflammable!). I-hydrogen ngefomu le-athomu - iyasebenza kakhulu futhi uye ekunciphiseni izakhiwo. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi umfundi chemical zadachnik ebuzwa ukuthi liyini mass izinyo lomhlathi hydrogen. Lo mbuzo kungaba isiqu ngisho ukhohlwe abadala kwamakhemikhali.

Ucacisa Ukuthi lokho kwakusho

Umqondo "hydrogen" kusukela iphuzu okunomqondo buka, edidayo. Kungasho noma ama-athomu ye-hydrogen, kanye negesi elihambisana ekhona ngesimo yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Esimeni sesibili - nhlanganisela athomu amabili. Kunalokho, umqondo wegama elithi "i-hydrogen mass izinyo lomhlathi" lizama gas, njengoba i-ama-athomu ngabanye kunalokho ukusebenzisa nomqondo mass athomu. Kodwa kule khulula ifomu hydrogen kungenzeka khona, ikakhulukazi uma ezinye izinqubo zemvelo namakhemikhali. Futhi yalolu ketshezi has a isisindo imvukuzane. Ngakho ngaso sonke isikhathi uma unquma inselelo ucacise kahle lokho ayekusho.

athomu khulula

Uma sisho i-athomu, lo mass izinyo lomhlathi of hydrogen ilingana igremu elilodwa imvukuzane ngayinye. It zingaphendulwa zibe yizindawo yokuhlanganela amakhilogremu imvukuzane ngayinye ukuze ihambisane nezidingo zomthetho SI, ngoba lokhu nje udinga uphindaphinde 1 kuya ku-10 ukuba amandla lokususa lwesithathu. Nakuba lezi idatha akuzona olunembile ngokuphelele, ngoba atomic weight - amagugu akuzona integers bese kukhishwa nezingxenyana.

Kanjani kanzima!

Kodwa uqaphele - uma ukuxazulula le nkinga physics ebhukwinitifundvo, ungabhekana ifomu esindayo hydrogen, okuyinto ehlukile mass izinyo lomhlathi. Okuvame kakhulu libizwa protium hydrogen ne isisindo saso singamakhilogremu eyodwa igremu imvukuzane, kodwa kukhona deuterium (2r ngu imvukuzane), kanye tritium (3 g imvukuzane ngayinye). Deuterium okuncane kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka 0.2%) itholakala emhlabeni, futhi cishe zonke tritium ingekho, kodwa kulula ukuba uthole in ukusabela zenuzi. Ngo inqubo ukuxazulula izinkinga zangempela physics kanye ne-chemistry musa ukuhlukanisa phakathi, ngakho-ke uma ulungiselela i-career kwizimboni natural sciences, kubalulekile ukuba uzilungiselele ukucacisa mass izinyo lomhlathi hydrogen ezimweni obungajwayelekile.

Izibalo for ifomu yamangqamuzana

Uma inkinga ehloselwe igesi ke uzodinga uphindaphinde atomic weight hydrogen ukuze ababili kwathi omunye amagremu kuchasiselwe imvukuzane ngayinye. amayunithi Atomic kanye amagremu imvukuzane ngamanani alinganayo, kodwa asetshenziswa nini ngokokuqala ngqá eside physics nengxoxo izakhiwo izakhi, kanye ngomzuzwana - e ikhambi zemiraro kwamakhemikhali. Kodwa ngisho lapha ungakwazi ukubamba bese ubuza enesisindo hydrogen esindayo. By endleleni, uqaphele, ngezinye izikhathi kuwe kufanele kulindeleke ngeke ukuba izandisele 2 noma 3 ezimbili. Kukhona amafomu hybrid, isib, deuterium futhi tritium (mass izinyo lomhlathi hydrogen ngaleyo ndlela ibe ngu-2 + 3 = 5), nge deuterium noma protium (3), tritium noma C ngokumelene (4). Ngakho-ke, ngokunengqondo futhi alo, kunokuba nande, hhayi ukuthi usephutheni nge molecule esindayo.

Into ezithakazelisayo wukuthi amanzi, okuhlanganisa i-hydrogen esindayo, eyaziwa nangokuthi esindayo. Inkinga ekutholeni wakhe aphume hydrogen esindayo kungaba nzima futhi le njongo kungase kudingeke ukubala uyini mass izinyo lomhlathi hydrogen isimo sakho ethile.