Ama-bacterium: indlela yokudla, izici kwesakhiwo, ukukhahlamezeka kwendawo

Lesi sihloko sizodingida izinto eziphilayo eminingi yasendulo - amagciwane. Catering futhi indawo yemvelo la magciwane zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kanjani oxhumene kulezi zici?

izici Jikelele-bacterium

I-bacterium iqembu ezincane eziphilayo unicellular. Ziyakwazi prokaryotes. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amaseli wabo zingenalo nuclei ikhishwe. impahla yabo zofuzo iqukethe annular DNA etholakala ngqo ku cytoplasm.

Izimo lamaseli webhaktheriya zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Bangase bathathe ngesimo sphere, induku, amagilebhisi, lemiklamo, izinkanyezi, kanye m cube. Amagciwane P. Tinsita okukha phezulu emelelwa ulwelwesi permeable, lwamafinyila capsule kanye cell udonga murein noma ehlanganisa pectin. Esikhathini cytoplasm futhi ribosomes prokaryotic kukhona izakhi cytoskeletal.

Ama-bacterium: indlela yokudla kanye imvelo ophilayo

Ngenxa inkimbinkimbi isakhiwo, ama-bacterium kahle zonke izindawo. Atholakala amanzi, inhlabathi, umoya, amatshe, iziphethu ezishisayo, phezu nomzimba izibilini izitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu. Ngendlela amagciwane ukudla kukhona kokubili nezimpendulo kanye heterotrophs.

Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka aqukethe emangqamuzaneni azo, le plastids chloroplast ngawo photosynthesis kwenzeka. yi wayo glucose ama-carbohydrate, isetshenziswa ukusebenzisa izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. I eziphilayo osetshenziselwa zamagama izinto eziningi eziphilayo amandla elanga, ebizwa nangokuthi phototrophs. Lezi zihlanganisa oluhlaza okotshani, nsomi kanye cyanobacteria.

Elinye iqembu lama-bacterium awusizo Autotrophic zisebenzisa ukuphila amandla izibopho zamakhemikhali. Aguqula zezakhi eziyinkimbinkimbi ku lula. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi chemosynthesis. Izibonelo zezinto eziphilayo ezifana kukhona sulphur, insimbi, amagciwane i-nitrogen.

Futhi iqembu ngokwanele eminingi ye prokaryotes heterotrophic. amandla abo supply kuncike imvelo. Kuye lokhu, kukhona amaqembu amathathu amagciwane:

• saprotrophs;
• izimuncagazi;
• eziphilayo iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana.

Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo ngokuningiliziwe.

saprotrophs

Leli qembu lama-bacterium awusizo kuyo yonke abezindaba aqukethe udaba eziphilayo. Lokhu kungaba umhlabathi, izitshalo nezilwane. Ngokwesibonelo, ama-bacterium zokuwohloka kwegunya indlela saprotroph. Bona ukubola udaba eziphilayo, ukususa izakhi.

Okunjalo kuyindlela samandla acidosis acid amagciwane. Ukukwazi kwazo lwalungabola carbohydrate kabanzi endaweni yokudla. Kefir, elibilile ubisi Baked, cottage shizi, iyogathi - yonke imikhiqizo imfucuza lolu hlobo prokaryotes.

izintwala

amagciwane ezidlayo, indlela nalo heterotrophic amandla akha ngaphakathi noma phezu ezinye izinto eziphilayo. Ukudla ukudla okuyinhloko wokuphila, babangela izifo ezingathi sína kwababhemayo. Ngokwesibonelo, uhudo imbewu eletha, ukuthi esandisa emathunjini, kubangela ubuthakathaka, imfiva, ikhanda, ukukhungatheka ngezinsimbi zesihlalo - kuwukubonakaliswa uhudo. "Lesi sifo yezandla ezingcolile" avamise ukubizwa ngokuthi salmonellosis, i-typhoid fever nekholera. Bonke zibangelwa ukungenisa prokaryotes yisinanakazana.

Kwabantu nezilwane izifo eziyingozi sofuba, i-anthrax, ngqi, angina, idiphtheria, glanders, Brucellosis. Izindlela zika isingeniso zabo emzimbeni zihlukile:

• ukudla amanzi noma ukudla okunobuthi;
• indlela sisemoyeni;
• ukwehluleka ukuhambisana inhlanzeko.

amagciwane iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana

eziphilayo eziningi ziyakwazi ebudlelwaneni bekuya letihlomulisa nezinye imibuso nemvelo. Abayona ngaphandle namagciwane. Catering abameleli leli qembu futhi heterotrophic. Nokho, bakulungele ukudla izinto nezinye izinto eziphilayo ngaphandle kokudala umonakalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlalisana kunezinzuzo eziningi.

Isibonelo ukubonakaliswa enjalo nitrifying amagciwane bahlala izimpande izitshalo leguminous. Ukuthola khona enhlabathini emifantwini ku enamathela kwezicubu, baqala ngenkuthalo ziyanda. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuba Bubbles ezincane, kodwa amaningi. Lolu hlobo nezilwanyana ezincane ukwazi ukugcina igesi ye nitrogen, ingxenye emoyeni bese siguqulwa ifomu etholakalayo izitshalo. Kulokhu uzilungiselele kusukela isitshalo umsoco, okuyizinto isixazululo aqueous.

amagciwane Human iqala ubuhlobo bokubambisana kukhona prokaryotes ezihlala esiswini sakhe. Lapha, zikhiqiza ama-enzyme, eminye lula wokuqhekeka eziningana organic compounds. I-bacterium isikhumba nolwelwesi lwamafinyila ukuvimbela Izindawo ka prokaryotes "alien".

Ngakho, ama-bacterium kukhona owumphumela eziphilayo prokaryotic. Zingase ngokuzimela kwemiqondo kwakwakhe organic (autotrophs) futhi sesilungele ukudliwa (heterotrophs).