Leningrad NPP: indaba. Amandla Leningrad NPP

Ongenaziphazamiso ugesi kuzo zonke nemizana - wemigomo lehamba embili eLuhlelweni ebaluleke kakhulu ukuphathwa komphakathi. Kule ndaba, nayo yonke indawo WaseRussia ehlelekile ukwakha izikhungo ezahlukene ukuthi ugesi. Omunye walena uwukuba Leningrad NPP. Umlando indalo yayo nokuthuthukiswa uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Trip ku esidlule

Umqondo wokwakha sokuphehla amandla sihlehlela emuva maphakathi nawo-1960. April 15, 1966 sivunyiwe yilesi sinqumo, okuyinto sizokwenza ukudala iphrojekthi ngesisekelo okuyinto ukuphila kwakhe iphepha uqale Leningrad NPP. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezinhlanu zonke edingekayo imibhalo abakulungiselweyo.

Futhi ngo-November, uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe yokutholwa isinqumo ukuqala ukwakhiwa esiteshini lokuqala, futhi wachaza zonke uhlaka lwenhlangano kanye nokusebenza izinkampani ukuba lelisu practice.

obeka isisekelo

Ukwakhiwa esiteshini owaqala ngokuvukela yokumba emgodini. phansi ebhakedeni lokuqala kwasuswa 6 Julayi 1976. Ngakho, i-Leningrad Nuclear Power Plant, omunye angase athi, ekuqaleni kwakhe "ukuphila." Ukuze afeze umsebenzi ochwepheshe e Welding Kwakuhileleke, Steel ukwakhiwa, abakhi nezinye izifundiswa zobunjiniyela.

Running amayunithi wokuqala nowesibili

Disemba 23, 1973 umsebenzi okhethekile Umbuso eyenziwa kokwamukelwa kwemfundiso yokuqala amandla iyunithi. Ngenxa Leningrad isikhungo esiphehla ugesi wenuzi ungase uqale ukusebenza kwawo ngokugcwele. Ngo-1975-ke wethulwa iyunithi yesibili, futhi ukufakwa waqala esiteji iyisikhungo zezimboni yesibili. Lezi imisebenzi waqala 10 Meyi, 1975. Ukwakhiwa ubukghoni kwabelwe isikhathi kabili esingaphansi ngowokuqala.

Phakathi nomklamo walesi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezintsha zesayensi, kukhuphuke imiklamo sbornost bathunjelwa akhawunti amaphutha odlule wasungula, ekugcineni okwaholela ekwakhekeni isakhiwo esisha amandla enuzi amayunithi e-Leningrad esifundeni. Futhi ushintshe yokwakheka izinhlelo kanye nezakhiwo.

Izici ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esisha

Ngenxa ukuxhumana okucacile phakathi ngemisebenzi nezikhungo ezahlukene izinhlangano inikeziwe ngcono ikhwalithi ukufakwa imisebenzi. Isiteji eletha amapayipi amasha, Welding edinga isikhathi esincane. Cranes futhi zabhekana umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo. Amatende washintsha futhi okusalungiswa-Teplyakov, lapho sekungenzeka at the stage of inhlangano ophendulayo aboshelwe parallel nomunye kanye nezinye izingxenye ukuthi yayikade ezithunyelwa ngobuningi, ngenxa okuyinto wachitha ikhompyutha isikhathi ezibizayo futhi imisiwe yonke inqubo.

amandla wesithathu

Qala ukwakhiwa kwalesi izinsuku eziyinkimbinkimbi emuva lokuqala ngoFebhruwari 1977. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uzimele sakhiwo aboshelwe irekhodi isikhathi futhi yaqedwa ngokushesha okukhulu. ijubane wokwakha amathani 1560 ngenyanga. Lesi sibalo nje omkhulu, ngisho esikhathini sethu.

Imiphumela emihle kakhulu futhi nasemkhakheni main ophendulayo izinhlelo kwakwakhe. Ikakhulu, i-iziteshi izindlela zobuchwepheshe isakhiwo kwakhiwa ezinsukwini 78 nje. Ngo ukuqhathanisa isondo lokugijimisa indiphi elenzelwe into esindayo lokuqala, babengamaphesenti izinsuku 169, futhi ngaleso yesibili - 118.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-Leningrad NPP, elibonisa izithombe kulesi sihloko, kwadingeka block lwesithathu iminyaka emibili nengxenye ngokushesha.

amandla wesine

Lapho ubheka ikusasa, siphawula ukuthi isikhathi ukwakhiwa yayo kwakungamadodana sakugcina kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa 'njengabafowethu.'

Phakathi nezinyanga zokuqala echithwa ukuhlanganiswa izakhiwo we ophendulayo iyunithi 4 emhlanganweni okhethekile amasayithi th 1980. Uma lokhu kwenziwa amalungiselelo asebenzayo ezokuthutha wesifunda usinika imikhiqizo etholakale ngqo kushaft ophendulayo. Sasebenzisa ukulayisha kabusha yokubeka nge enamathiselwe crane imishayo e inani izingcezu ezimbili. Layisha umthamo ngamunye wabo kwaba amathani angaba ngu-300.

Zokukhokha ngaphambi assemblers zaba izinyanga eziyisishiyagalombili kuphela. Kwaba kancane kakhulu, ngoba ngaphambi kokuba siye emsebenzini onjalo kungathatha izinyanga 29.

Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane wonke umsebenzi, isibonelo, ukuthi iyunithi wesine ophendulayo lwakhiwe ezinyangeni ezinhlanu nesigamu. Lokhu kwenza ukuba ngo-December 26, 1980 ukwenza ngokomzimba block ekuqaleni, futhi ngo-February 1981, asibeke phansi umthwalo adingekayo.

izinkomba Technical esiteshini

Inani nomthamo esifundeni Leningrad NPP ibalwa ngempela kalula: ngamunye amandla okukhipha ezine 1,000 MW kwamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, siyasho futhi afakwa ukukhiqizwa yonyaka ka amandla kagesi. Kuyinto elilingana kWh 28 bhiliyoni. Esikhathini nokugcinwa impilo evamile wachitha kusuka 8 8.5% kagesi walo.

amathuba esiteshini

Leningrad ngamandla enuzi ensimini kusenza nomkhiqizo amapayipi isigamu semali amandla adingekayo umsebenzi evamile esifundeni. Uma sikhuluma lezinombolo ukhonkolo, luhlobo-athomu ekuqaleni 2012 uye wenza konke yayo amayunithi amandla odala komyalelo wokungabi 846 bhiliyoni kWh kukagesi.

sesimanje

Ngo-August 2007, kwaqala umsebenzi ekuthuthukiseni MSRs. Futhi esikhundleni nge valve akhethekile amabili emgqeni ukudedelwa amaphampu kwegazi ngokufanele esitolo ophendulayo. Lapho beqeda le misebenzi Okthoba 1, 2007 iyunithi laqala ukusebenza yayo egcwele futhi.

Iyunithi yesithathu nayo zabhekana izinguquko lobuchwepheshe ngo-2007. Yena yakulalelisisa Ukupholisa ngomoya eziphuthumayo we ophendulayo salandelwa iziteshi zobuchwepheshe okwagcina wasiza isikhathi ekuphileni sikhungo iminyaka engamashumi amabili.

izigameko

Kasibili iyiphi ingozi Leningrad NPP - kuyingozi kakhulu ngoba kungaholela nemiphumela awushintsheki futhi abalimala phakathi abasebenzi nezakhamuzi yesifunda. Ngeshwa, lezi zenzakalo zenzeka, futhi ngabo kuwufanele ukukhumbula ngokwehlukile.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngo-January 1974 kwaba khona detonation we-hydrogen esiteshini igesi-umnikazi. Kakade ngenyanga nje waqala ubilise amanzi, okwaphumela amanzi isando kuyingozi kakhulu, wabhubhisa wesifunda Lesisemkhatsini block lokuqala. Ngenxa yalokho - ezintathu efile, kanye ukuvuza amanzi kakhulu, ziyingozi kakhulu.

Ngosuku lokugcina November 1975 zigoqiwe (noma kunalokho, ancibilike) isiteshi nophethiloli. Lokhu ingozi kwaholela kukhululwe Ru eziyisigidi nesigamu (ingxube izinto radioactive). Ochwepheshe abaningi futhi kuze kube namuhla ubhekwa ungumhambeli yengozi le nhlekelele eChernobyl.

Mashi 1992 - omunye fuel isiteshi ihlazo, kodwa iyunithi lwesithathu. Ngesisekelo izenzakalo enuzi ngezinga lomhlaba wonke sigameko okunikezwe isikolo 2.

Ngo-January 1996, kwatholakala avuzayo kusuka isitoreji wachitha inombolo fuel yenuzi 428. Kwakuthinta kancane isusiwe.

Meyi 20, 2004 iyunithi wesine kumisiwe ngenxa ukukhululwa umusi enemisebe. Ingabe lokhu kuphakama isimo esiphuthumayo ngenxa ngephutha ngokucindezela inkinobho eziphuthumayo egunjini yokusebenza. Ngenhlanhla, akekho abantu ziye zabaphatha kabi. Umusi lwamafu amahora amabili eyayihamba bebheke emzaneni Koporje.

Disemba 18, 2015 cishe 14.00 ukuyekethisa ubuqotho ipayipi deaerator iyunithi esitolo ophephela. I umusi ukungena emagcekeni lobuchwepheshe. Abanye abasebenzi ithunyelwe ekhaya. I ophendulayo samiswa iyunithi yesibili. Akulimalanga muntu kulesi sigameko kanti kwakungekho umonakalo. Nokho, njengoba ochwepheshe waqinisekisa, isimo sigcinwa nge yokuthi umoya ngalolo suku kwakuvunguza bebheke eGulf of Finland.

kumnandzi

Leningrad NPP, ikheli lapho zingatholakala ku imithombo ehlukahlukene yokwaziswa ngaphandle kwezinkinga, kukhona: Russia, Leningrad esifundeni, Sosnovy eBor. Ngemva nokuthuma Unit 4 ngo-1981, le ndawo ithatha isikhundla yesithathu ngamandla, kancane kuphela ngemuva Bugey isitshalo eFrance Fukushima-1-Japanese.

Leningrad NPP, Sosnovy Bor iyikhaya indawo, ibhekisela Open Joint Stock Inkampani "ukukhathazeka Russian ukwenziwa ugesi namandla ezishisayo e enuzi izitshalo amandla" Rosenergoatom kusukela 2002 ". Thayipha sikhungo efakwe esiteshini - amanzi-graphite isiteshi ku neutrons ezishisayo.