Lesi siqhingi wasenganekwaneni Atlantis lapho?

Atlantis (ngesiGreki: Ἀτλαντὶς νῆσος, Atlntis Island) - a wasenganekwaneni esiqhingini isizwe okokuqala okukhulunywa futhi wachaza sefilosofi esingumGreki classical uPlato e mpendulwano yakhe "kaThimewu" futhi "Critias". Yileyo Atlantis nokuthi ikuphi, wagomela kusukela kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ke. Lo mqondo imibono ehlukene kakhulu: kwabanye kuba into ucwaningo abavubukuli, ongayithola, umthombo ezilahlekile banolwazi olungaphezu koluvamile namandla, noma mhlawumbe hhayi ngaphezu indatshana zefilosofi ngezingozi impucuko ngesikhathi ibambene ukuthuthukiswa yayo. Ingabe Atlantis ngempela, noma kumane nje yasungulwa kaPlato zingenzeki nhlobo ukwaziwa. Noma kunjalo, ukhona uyaqhubeka kugcugcutela uyihlupha eziningi, sesinanela isifiso ukufeza inkathi yokuchuma, noma ukubuyela kulo.

Umsuka inganekwane

Incazelo Atlantis ngu uPlato, okuyinto ubhekwa ngowokuqala atholakala mpendulwano "kaThimewu" futhi "Critias", abhalwe 360 BC. e. Esikhathini yokucabanga-isitayela umbhali inkhulumomphendvulwano okuhambisa nomlando wayo ngokusebenzisa ukhuluma osopolitiki Critias futhi Hermocrates, kanye nezazi zefilosofi ezingamaGreki uSocrates kaThimewu. On izwe eliyisiqhingi uthi Critias, kuqala ku "kaThimewu", echaza kafushane umbuso omkhulu "we izinsika Hercules", ephukile-Athene emva ezama ukunqoba eYurophu nase -Asia Minor. Khona-ke Critias wabe incazelo eningiliziwe impucuko anamandla. Lo mholi wezombusazwe uthi akhawunti yakhe Athene yasendulo futhi Atlantis zisuka ukuvakashelwa eGibhithe, izishaya-Athene Solon ekhulwini lesithupha BC. e. Elapho, watholana umpristi Sais, ngubani elihunyushwe umlando uthi lasendulo, owalotshwa lapho papyrus e hieroglyphs waseGibhithe, esiGrekini.

Ukulandisa zabapristi baseGibithe

I elandiswa abapristi Solon ayikaziwa. Ngokusho amarekhodi sethempeli baseGibhithe lasendulo, abase-Athene yayisempini nababusi wase-Atlantis eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ayisishiyagalolunye edlule, futhi ngeke kube.

yamakhosi asendulo futhi enamandla yalesi siqhingi wasenganekwaneni akha ukuhlanganyela abathuke ngazo ephethwe futhi ezinye iziqhingi. Njengoba waqala empini, ababusi wathumela amasosha eYurophu nase-Asia. Ukuze aphebeze lokho lokhu kuhlasela, abase-Athene kwakheka yamaGreki Union. Lapho nobunzima lokuqala kokuquleka, futhi abase-Athens bakwazi yayisempini wedwa. Ukuhlaselwa samiswa, bese udedelwe Egypt nakwamanye amazwe unqotshwe ababusi Atlantis.

Msinyana ngemva kokunqoba, ngaphambi kokubuyela Athene ekhaya, izwe eliyisiqhingi usebhekene ukuzamazama komhlaba inhlekelele nezikhukhula, kuyilapho alukapheli ngaphansi kwamanzi. Ngokusho yetinsita wonke amadoda angamaqhawe baphilela ngosuku olulodwa nobusuku eshaqisayo. Yingakho labaseGibhithe abazange bambonge Athene.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, uPlato uchaza Atlantis indaba ebonisa ukuthi indlela ababusi aze afika eqophelweni lapho bafuna ukunqoba izwe. Indaba lalotshwa Solon alunikeza emndenini wakhe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

repartition saphezulu

Ngokusho amarekhodi Solon, indaba esiqhingini wasenganekwaneni waqala ekuqaleni kwesikhathi. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho onkulunkulu okungenakufa zihlukanisa umhlaba nangokwengeziwe bodwa, futhi ngamunye wagijima ingxenye yakhe. Nkulunkulu Poseidon ithole Atlantis. Lapho ayicacisiwe, kodwa kwaba isiqhingi, ubukhulu okwakunzima kunangendlela Libya futhi Asia kuhlanganiswe. Wakhetha lokushada nowesifazane ofayo futhi Cleito wakhe eyasungulwa lwamakhosi ababusi isimo.

Poseidon futhi Cleito

Poseidon eyakha indlu yayo phezu kwegquma eliphakeme phakathi nendawo kulesi siqhingi. Isakhiwo zazilengela phezu elivundile izungezwe ulwandle. Ukuvikela umkakhe ayemthanda Poseidon kalula futhi art saphezulu azungeza indlu yakhe izindandatho ezinhlanu eyindilinga eyenziwe amanzi nomhlabathi. Keys hot amakhaza wamshaya emhlabathini. With ukuthuthukiswa emzini izakhamuzi zalo asisweli amanzi.

Cleito wazala Poseidon amadodana ayishumi, ngazimbili ezinhlanu amawele. Atlanta, izibulo lika-umbhangqwana wokuqala, waba umbusi phezu kwezwe elinabantu abaningi kayise. Abafowabo kwamiswa archons, ngalinye elikwazi elawulwa amaningi ala masimu. Ingxenye ebaluleke kunayo umbuso ungunina indlu phezu kwentaba kanti indawo ezungeze ke. Ngo-Atlanta Wayenamadodana eziningi, futhi isihlalo sobukhosi wadlulela ngingowokuqala kubo.

ukuchuma obunokuthula

Ezizukulwaneni eziningi Atlantis wahlala elinokuthula futhi lichume. Cishe zonke izidingo labantu zanikezwa ngeziqhumane, amasimu namahlathi siqhingi. Noma engatheli, ukungenisa. Lokhu benzeka umsele Yakhiwa, wadabula kuzo zonke izindandatho olwandle endaweni phakathi nendawo, i-Acropolis, lapho esigodlweni wema eduze kwendlu ka-Poseidon futhi Cleito. umbusi ngasinye esilandelayo wazama muhle eyandulela wakhe ekudaleni umbuso emikhulu. Ekugcineni, muzi omangalisayo futhi idolobha yangaphandle lasakazekela udonga lwangaphandle ezinkulu.

imithetho Poseidon

Poseidon isungule imithetho Atlantis, lapho ababusi kwadingeka ukuhambisana. Indikimba ebusayo kufanele anonde ahlangana. Lalinama abameleli eziyishumi kubabusi lokuqala - Atlanta nabafowabo - onamandla ngokuphelele ukufa nokuphila ezikhonzini zayo. Imihlangano okwenzeka ethempelini Poseidon, lapho ababusi lokuqala imithetho elotshwe insika Orichalcum. Okokuqala, ngokuhambisana nezidingo emcimbini lasendulo, archons izipho. Khona-ke umhlatshelo inkunzi engcwele. Igazi lalikhona exutshwe newayini, batheleka isenzo umlilo njengoba inqubo yokuhlanzwa. Babusi wakhonza iwayini ephethe indebe yegolide, benza umnikelo wokuphuzwayo phezu komlilo wathembisa ukuthatha isinqumo ngokuhambisana nemithetho ebekiwe. Wonke umuntu, wanatha iwayini kanye enikelwe isitsha ithempeli lakhe ngokwazisa. Lokhu kwalandelwa dinner, lapho abahlanganyeli babegqoke ingubo enhle eluhlaza. Basuke bavunyelwe imibuzo ngombuso, ngokuvumelana nemithetho Poseidon.

Inkantolo wonkulunkulu

Inqobo nje nababusi bebengazama ukuphila ngokuvumelana nemithetho Poseidon, isimo yanda. Lapho imithetho sasizikhohlwa, usenkingeni. Ababusi waqala lokushada ofayo behave fana bantu abayiziwula nabangahlakaniphile. Bona wahlasela nokuziqhenya, baqala ukulwela amandla amaningi. Khona-ke uZeyusi bebona okwakwenzekile: ababusi belahla imithetho bonkulunkulu Baqala ukwenza ekhonsathini nabantu. Wabahlanganisela bonke onkulunkulu INtaba i-Olympus futhi wayeya wenze isinqumo mayelana Atlantis. Kulendaba kaPlato usuphothuliwe.

Ziyiqiniso noma ziyindaba eqanjiwe?

Ingabe lesi kwenziwa ngenhloso noma cha, akekho owaziyo. Njengoba kungekho muntu owaziyo, uPlato ayekholelwa ebukhoneni yangempela yalesi siqhingi, futhi kwaba eqanjiwe okumsulwa. Abaningi bayaqiniseka ukuthi umbhali, osebenzisa eziningi imininingwane incazelo yalo, bakholwa nguye. Abanye bayakwenqaba, osho ukuthi kungenxa yokuthi indaba yafika okumsulwa kaPlato, wakwazi beveza imininingwane amaningi njengoba ngangifuna. Futhi okukhulunywa ukuphola yayo. Ngokusho Solon, isiqhingi owawukhona eminyakeni 9000 edlule. Lokhu kuhambelana ngasekuqaleni Stone Age. Kule nkathi kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi izinto ngeke khona kwezolimo, izakhiwo kanye traffic zasolwandle, njengoba kuchazwe indaba. Enye yezimbangela salokhu ukuguquguquka kuyinto ekuchazweni ka Solon izimpawu waseGibhithe efana 100 1000. Uma kunjalo, i-Atlantis likhona iminyaka engu-900 ngaphambi kwesikhathi elandisayo. Lokhu kuhambelana phakathi Bronze Age, lapho kwakubonakala sengathi amathuluzi nezinto ezidingekayo ukufeza ukuthuthukiswa kuchazwe.

eziningi zefilosofi lasendulo babebheka Atlantis eqanjiwe, kuhlanganise (ngokuvumelana uStrabo) Aristotle. Noma kunjalo, kwakukhona zefilosofi, zokuma kwendawo, izazi-mlando, wathatha akhawunti kaPlato njengoba zinjalo. Omunye wabo kwakungu-Krantor, umfundi Xenocrates Umfundi kaPlato, eyayifuna ukuthola ubufakazi bokuba khona-Atlantis. Umsebenzi wakhe, incwadi ehlaziya, "kaThimewu" elahlekile, kodwa esinye isazimlando lasendulo, Proclus ibika ukuthi Krantor uhambo lokuya eGibhithe futhi empeleni wathola amakholomu kanye emlandweni walesi siqhingi, ebhalwe ngendlela yokubhala yamaGibhithe. Njengakuwo wonke imisebenzi endala, kunzima ukuhlola isimemezelo impikiswano njengoba ubufakazi ngaphandle ebhaliwe, asizange sisinde.

Troy Okwesibili?

Izimpikiswano mayelana iphi Atlantis, ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu nesishiyagalolunye babengenalo zeziyaluyalu njengoba ngemva kokutholakala ngo-1872 ngu-Heinrich Schliemann edolobheni elahlekile kaTroy. Wakwenza lokhu ngosizo "The Iliad" futhi "Odyssey" zikaHomer, ngakho-ke kwaba sobala ukuthi imithombo classical ngaphambili kubhekwe izinganekwane, eqinisweni, letinye iqiniso elahlekile. -Scholar Ignatius Donnelly e 1882 wanyathelisa incwadi "Atlantis: izwe langaphambi kokubhubha komhlaba ngamanzi," okuyinto eye yavusa isithakazelo esiqhingini edume. izinkomba ebhaliwe uPlato basithatha ngokungathí sina futhi azama ukusungula ukuthi zonke yamandulo eyaziwa abangu bavela isiko okusezingeni eliphezulu Neolithic. Abanye uphakamise imibono Outlandish ngaphezulu, kokubalula izici kwemvelo wase-Atlantis, hlanganisa them izindaba zabanye amazwekazi elahlekile ezifana Mu futhi Lemuria, lithandwa sibalo Theosophy ukunyakaza, ngokusebenzelana nemimoya futhi lo mkhuba elandayo 'New Age ".

Emfanekisweni kaPlato

Ososayensi abaningi uye ukukholelwa Atlantis njengoba umbono ngenxa yenkolo, "New Century", abe anaka incazelo ecace kakhulu ukuthi isiqhingi bekulokhu inkulumo kaPlato, noma kwamanye impucuko eyaziwa - Minoan. Iqiniso lokuthi isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki babevame izindaba moralizing ezicashe ngamanga, okuthiwa yayisemngceleni ekusekeleni lo mbono. "Umgede" iyona engcono kunazo Ngokwesibonelo aziwayo lapho uPlato ebonisa engokoqobo mhlawumbe. Ososayensi baxwayisa ngokuthi nencazo nezwi Inganekwane ukuphendukezela yayo. Kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uPlato wathumela isixwayiso bakubo ngezingozi ukunwetshwa yasebukhosini, kwezepolitiki, eklabalasa izikhulu nokusingatha ulwazi akuyona ukuze bazizuzise bona.

Iqiniso mayelana nezinhloso isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki u-izohlala eyaziwa kuphela yena, kodwa akekho ongangabaza ukuqina ufanekisela nomlando wayo. Uma-Atlantis akukwazi indawo ngokomzimba, ngokuqinisekile iye yazuza indawo umcabango jikelele womuntu.

Imicabango mayelana nendawo

Beka phambili amashumi mhlawumbe namakhulu kokuqagela mayelana ukuphi Atlantis kuze kube isikhathi lapho igama akazange abe igama langempela, awahlobene esithile esisodwa (mhlawumbe kuyiqiniso) imodeli. Lokhu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi izingosi eziningi ezihlongozwayo ngokuvamile ungekho e-Atlantic Ocean. Iningi izindawo eziphakanyisiwe ukwabelana ezinye izici ze-emlandweni walesi siqhingi wasenganekwaneni (amanzi, ekupheleni oyinhlekelele, olufanele isikhathi), kodwa ekugcineni engakaze kungase kutholakale ukuthi lena Atlantis kweqiniso. Likuphi (isithombe sakhe, ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, asikwazi ukunikeza) endaweni okungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi likuphi, ungabona kusukela uhlu lokukhethwa kukho ethandwa. Ezinye zazo yilezi imicabango ezesayensi noma bemivubukulo ngenkathi others akudala esebenzisa pseudoscientific.

Mediterranean-Atlantis

Uphi esiqhingini ziyaphawuleka, eziningi ukuqagela. Iningi ehlongozwayo wawusegunjini ngaphakathi noma eduze noLwandle LwaseMedithera, noma iziqhingi ezifana Sardinia, eKrethe, Santorini, Cyprus noma Malta.

Eruption ku Feret, yangekhulu nesikhombisa kanye lweshumi nanhlanu ekhulwini BC, okubangelwa i-tsunami enkulu, okuyinto, ngokusho umbono phambili yi-ochwepheshe, wabhubhisa Minoan impucuko esiqhingini esiseduze saseKrethe. Lokhu inhlekelele ungase ukhuthaze ukuvela inganekwane Atlantis. Abasekeli ucaphune Eqinisweni kuyakufakazela ukuthi amaGibhithe ayesebenzisa ikhalenda oyinyanga esekelwe ngenyanga, futhi amaGreki - ilanga, esekelwe iminyaka. Ngakho-ke kungenzeka ukuthi ngesikhathi esichazwa ngokuthi iminyaka anesithoba amawaka, eqinisweni, uhambelana izinyanga 9000, ukubeka ukubhujiswa Atlantis phakathi nenkathi yeminyaka engu bekumakhulu 7.

Santorini

intaba-mlilo esiqhingini saseMelitha Santorini esikhathini we Minoan impucuko, cishe okubangwa nenhlekelele owabhubhisa Atlantis. Ukuchothoza eyinhloko lo mbono ukuthi amaGreki asendulo kwakufanele kahle mlilo, futhi uma kube khona kuqhuma, cishe basho ubufakazi bokuba khona kwalesi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lo faro Amenhotep III ngaphambilini owayeyisithunywa sakhe ukuvakashela idolobha, ezungezile eKrethe, futhi wabathola owakhiwe, lapho okuthiwa ke labhujiswa ngokuphelele.

Spartel

Omunye umbono kusekelwe ekudalweni kabusha zikuphi Mediterranean ngesikhathi lapho Atlantis isekhona. Lapho eseneminyaka, uPlato uveza - ngaphandle izinsika Hercules. Ngakho ngokuthi Strait of Gibraltar, ohlanganisa uLwandle iMedithera ne-Atlantic Ocean. iminyaka eyinkulungwane nanye edlule, izinga lamanzi olwandle wayeneminyaka engu-130 metres ephansi, futhi strait kwakugcwele iziqhingi. Omunye wabo, Spartel, kuyinto Atlantis, lapho zashona phansi, nakuba zikhona ezinye nokushintshashintsha ngenguqulo kaPlato.

Sardinia

Ngo-2002, intatheli Italian Sergio Frau yashicilela incwadi ethi "izinsika Hercules" aveza ukuthi ngaphambi Eratosthenes bonke abalobi ngesiGreki baye possessed them in the bezithelo Strait futhi umkhankaso Aleksandra Velikogo eMpumalanga ubophekile Eratosthenes in incazelo yakhe emhlabeni ukuhambisa yizinto zokuphasa izingongolo zokuthwala Gibraltar. Ngokusho mqondo sakhe sasiyisabelo Atlantis, okuyinto namuhla Sardinia. Ngempela, i-tsunami ekhiqizwa ekubhujisweni inhlekelele esiqhingini, wabhubhisa nuragiyskuyu impucuko engaqondakali. abasindile eziningana bathuthela le angomakhelwane nhlonhlo I-ithalikhi, wasungula isiko Etruscan, elaba isisekelo LamaRoma kamuva, ngesikhathi abanye abasindile beniyingxenye "Abantu Basolwandle", ehlasela eGibhithe.

Endulo

Ngaphandle Antarctica Mediterranean ibekwe kuwo wonke amagumbi wonke - kusukela Ireland futhi Sweden e-Indonesia futhi Japan. Abaningi zalezi zinkolelo-mbono zisekelwe ubufakazi akukholisi. Amabili kakhulu kukhulunywa ngawe izindawo zaseCaribbean kanye Antarctica.

Bimini Road - lushone Atlantis?

is Bermuda Triangle kubonakale Lapho ukwazi konke. njalo exhumene ne izenzakalo okuyimfihlakalo Caribbean yabhekisela izakhiwo kwamanzi, ngokuthi Bimini umgwaqo sitholwe pilot ngawo-1960. Bimini Road yakhiwa ngamatshe amakhulu ahlelwe imigqa emibili kufana emanzini angajulile ngoba amakhilomitha ambalwa ukusuka esiqhingini saseBimini. Ukuthumela mikhankaso amaningi ukuba bazame ukubonisa ukuthi noma siphikise imvelaphi yabantu lezi zokwakheka futhi ngandlela-thile nabo ngezinkomba Atlantis. Ososayensi abaningi, ikakhulukazi izazi zokuma komhlaba wathola ubufakazi abanayo ingaphelele noma baye bafinyelela esiphethweni ukuthi kuyinto engokwemvelo. Nokho, abanye baphikisa ngokuqinile ukuthi Idwala liyisisekelo ziyalingana kakhulu futhi kunenjongo ukuba umkhiqizo okulula nemvelo. Kunoma ikuphi, akekho nezinye izinsalela, okwakuyoholela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iholela esiqhingini lushone, atholakele.

Antarctica

Umbono wokuthi Antarctica - yindawo lapho Atlantis (isithombe) kanye zashona phansi, kwaba athandwa kakhulu 1960-1970. Yena sekuqala ukufudumala inoveli Lovecraft sika "Ezintabeni Madness", futhi ibalazwe Piri Reis, okuyinto okuthiwa libonisa Antarctica lokhu, noma yini siyobona ukuthi kwakungeyona neze ice, kuze kube manje njengoba ulwazi kwesikhathi. Charles Berlitz, Erich von Daniken noPetru Kolosimo babephakathi abalobi ethandwa abenze i nokucabanga okunjalo. Noma kunjalo, imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukugudluka kancane kancane kwamazwekazi iyaphikisana lo mbono, ngoba impilo kaPlato, Antarctica wawusegunjini indawo zako zamanje nezesikhathi aye wasigcina sezulu layo engamili lutho. Noma kunjalo romance izifunda nhlobo edonsa eningi imibono, efana Atlantis, futhi kuze kube namuhla.

Pop Culture

Ucwaningo ukutholakala amadolobha okwase kuyisikhathi eside engasaziwa nempucuko isihloko ongakaphathelani isikhala noma inini esikhathini umcabango ethandwa. Atlantis baba siqhingi wasenganekwaneni, ogama lakhe kwenzakala-mlando yonke eminye imizi alahlekile. Ngako zikhona zonke tetemibhalo, kusukela imisebenzi Renaissance ukuze yesimanje yesayensi, ukucabanga, amaphepha ngemivubukulo kanye ezesayensi, incwadi "New Age." Zethelevishini namabhayisikobho baphinde basebenzisa charm Atlantis. Inganekwane bekulokhu ezilingayo ukuze kwelinye lamahhotela elikhulu kunawo wonke eBahamas, i-Atlantis Paradise Island Resort Indawo abantu abajwayele, yokungcebeleka isibe isihloko edolobheni alahlekile.

Le nhlangano yenkolo yokulwela "New Age", kukhona nalabo abakholelwa ukuthi i-Atlantis, lapho kwakukhona khona impucuko obusezingeni self-destructed ngenxa wathuthuka ngokushesha, noma lokho wasebenzisa ubuchwepheshe alien. imibono Okufanayo kwakuxhunyaniswa nezinye amasiko lasendulo, njengoba eziningi ezithembekile, "New Age" bafisa ukuhlanganisa izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene eliyimfihlakalo omunye umqondo. Ekugcineni, ingxoxo okuqhubekayo lokho Atlantis, lapho lesi siqhingi lushone - bezobona ilukuluku engapheli sesintu nesifiso sokungafuni ngalokuhle umbono wamanje emhlabeni, futhi uqhubeke ukucinga uphinde uthole izimfihlo ngemihlaba elahlekile ohlangene kusuka emlandweni wethu.