Kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla-wing amaqembu: i ezihluke ngazo nezinto ezifana kumaGreki

Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ngemva kwendlu wokhela "screen blue", izindaba ngamazwe ingahambi ngaphandle kukhulunywa iphiko kwesokunxele Bundestag, noma kwesokudla kuleli ephalamende French. Omunye wabo elinendawo Inqubomgomo? Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwaba sobala ukuthi kwesokunxele - kungcono sababekholelwa zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, futhi ilungelo, kunalokho, kukhona esivuna capitalists nokubonakaliswa yabo ngokwedlulele - amaNazi, kunjalo futhi National Socialist, iqembu zitolo abancane wobunxiwankulu. Namuhla izinto sezishintshile, futhi womabili uvele cishe wonke amazwe ayengawabantwana iphuma wokugoqa wase-USSR. Womabili amaqembu kwesokudla noma kwesokunxele-wing kwenzeke eyodwa yesimiso ihholo ephalamende, ngezinye izikhathi engqubuzanayo futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukuvota ngokuphelele ngokuhlanganyela, kodwa futhi centrists babe.

Kungani "kwesokudla" futhi "elivulekile ngomqondo"?

edlule ngaphezu kwamakhulu amabili eminyaka waduma Revolution French ukuthi wagumbuqela ohlanga futhi ifake ifomu republic kahulumeni. I "Marseillaise", okuyinto eyaba liculo lesive, kukhona igama elithi "aristocrats kuya lantern" - ngomqondo kahle ngesihibe entanyeni yakhe. Kodwa intando yeningi intando yeningi, kanye namalungu ephalamende kusukela izikhundla nobutha ehlezi khona ihholo elikhulu weSigungu Sikazwelonke, nokuthi zazingekho skirmishes phakathi kwawo, khona-ke babeqoqana. Manje-ke kwenzeka ukuthi Jacobins oyikhethile indawo ngakwesokunxele (Gauche), kuyilapho abaphikisi babo - girondins - okunalokho (Droit). Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwenzeka ukuthi amabutho ezombusazwe ingucuko lenkhulu ekuphileni komphakathi, babe ngakwesokunxele. Kuhleli obala ukuthi amaKhomanisi azibonakalisa kuye, kwanele ukukhumbula "Kwesokunxele Mashi" Mayakovsky. Kwesokudla-wing amaqembu ezombusazwe bathathe izikhundla okuphambene, njengoba uma emthethweni.

Nasi emlandweni wanamuhla, noma njengoba kwesokunxele iba kwesokudla

Ngaphansi iziqubulo lokuthuthukisa isimo esiphansi wezisebenzi amandla, izikhathi eziningi ukuza abaholi ukuthi ulethe abantu babo asemrarweni. Engingakusho nje kokukhumbula German Shansela-Adolf Hitler wamemezela Sikazwelonke Sokusebenzela Uhulumeni. Ngesikhathi sobandlululo ngoba kusho iHhovisi likaMengameli, wathembisa abavoti izinzuzo eziningi, ezihlanganisa imali okusezingeni eliphezulu nokulingana, ukukhanselwa kuyihlazo amaJalimane iSivumelwano SaseVersailles, umsebenzi wonke umuntu, iziqinisekiso nomphakathi. Ukuba bebodwa, into yokuqala Hitler asebenzelana ngayo abaphikisi bakhe zezombusazwe - kwesokunxele Social Democrats kanye amaKhomanisi, okuyinto kancane wabhubhisa ngokwenyama, elinye "reforge" emakamu okuhlushwa. Ngakho waba kwesokudla, kulandele abadingisiwe-Albert Einstein wafakazela ukuthi konke kuxhomeke embonweni womuntu.

Esinye isibonelo. L. D. Trotsky ukuthi "kakhulu washiya" ngisho V I. Lenina. Lokhu akusho ukuthi umholi yesigaba sabasebenzi emhlabeni wayeqinisile. Vele umbono mayelana ibutho zabasebenzi ngaleso sikhathi kwakubonakala ngesihluku futhi, nakuba kuyinto kaMarx. High ngilambatha Lva Davidovicha kancane amthethise, zalungisa, wanikeza iseluleko enobungane.

Kodwa yilokho umlando manje kade. Futhi kwenzekani nge kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla-wing amaqembu namuhla?

Ukudideka e Modern Europe

Uma phambi 1991 kwaba sobala, okungenani kithi, e Emashumini amabili eminyaka adlule, nge kwencazelo "pravosti" kwezombusazwe kwaba tugovato. I levacheskimi Social Democrats, ngokwesiko kubhekwe, e-European Parliament nje ukuchitha izinqumo ukuthi ngabe muva nje kungokwemvelo abaphikisi babo, futhi okuphambene nalokho. indima enkulu ekutholeni inkambo okufanele manje udlala populism (ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokhetho), bese lokho kulimaza ezisekelweni bendabuko.

Kwesobunxele-wing amaqembu ezombusazwe, okungukuthi Liberals, ezathi aziwuthandi ukuhlinzeka ngosizo lwezimali Greece, engesiyo ehambisana nesikhundla wamemezela phezu zokuthuthukisa inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle kwabantu bakubo. Nokho, Kukhona futhi lokuqhubeka maqondana anti-wobushiqela. The Left Party of Germany ngokuphindiwe ngomlomo yiphini lakhe kuqhathaniswa inqubomgomo ukwesekwa Merkel sika amabutho Ukraine ubuzwe, kuphikisana izingcaphuno anti-lwamaSemite futhi Russophobic eziningi izinkulumo zabaholi le "wemboni kwesokudla" futhi inhlangano "Freedom".

Kunezinkinga zemali kuye kwayibhebhethekisa isimo. Okwamanje, i-European kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla-wing amaqembu ngezindlela eziningi washintsha izindima, ngenkathi sigcina ubunye ebonakalayo zonke ohlobene zithembiso ukuthuthukisa izinga lokuphila izakhamuzi zezwe labo.

"Kwesokudla iphiko 'isikhundla in ezwe elaliyi-USSR

ISoviet Union yakuqala incazelo yaleli orientation zezombusazwe, "ukhadinali" ngokuvamile kwasala kufana nalokho e kwamaSoviet. Kwesokudla-wing amaqembu eRussia nakwamanye amazwe ayengaphansi "republic khulula" abonisa kumadokhumenti Uhlelo yabo Izinjongo, okuyinto, ngokusho abaholi babo, kumelwe alwele umphakathi, okuyilezi:

- ukwakhiwa umphakathi Capitalist ngempela;

- inkululeko ephelele kwezamabhizinisi;

- sezingeni elifanayo nasekunciphiseni umthwalo wentela;

- professional ngokugcwele amabutho ahlomile;

- ukungabi khona ukucwaninga;

- ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla emhlabeni (funda: Western) isimiso sezomnotho, okwamanje ubhekene nenhlekelele ezinzima letindzala.

- inkululeko yomuntu siqu, kuhlanganise ukususwa lahlukene imikhawulo "babanjwa" ukuze "umbuso non-yeningi." Laba bameleli be nesibindi kakhulu lontamo simemezele "amagugu European" kuze kube seqophelweni ukukhuthazwa ukuyekelela.

Izinhlobonhlobo "rightism" amafomu

Noma kunjalo, iqembu elibusayo Russian "United Russia" futhi libhekisela iphiko ePhalamende, ngoba kwesekela kutfutfuka kwekufundza ubudlelwane emakethe. Ngaphezu ke, ebhokisini kwesokudla ngeke akwenze ngaphandle "Ngobunye Nangezinhlelo wobaba", "Union of Right Amandla", "Apple", "Party of Economic Freedom", "Ukukhetha waseRussia", namanye amaningi izinhlangano zomphakathi, bemi phezu izikhundla ukuxegiswa zonke izinhlobo ubudlelwane.

Ngakho, futhi kungase kube ukuphikisana yayo ekamu amaqembu ezombusazwe one direction, ngezinye izikhathi emibi kakhulu.

Njengoba zikhuthazwe Kwesokunxele

Ngokwesiko, iphiko kwesokunxele ephathini esivuna ukuvuselelwa impumelelo zokubusa ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni. Ukuze labo bahlanganisa:

- nokuxhaswa komphakathi ngezimali ezempilo kanye nezemfundo, okufanele mahhala abantu;

- Ban kwesikhatjhana ukuthengiswa komhlaba ukuba izakhamuzi zakwamanye amazwe;

- ukuhlela isimo kanye ukulawula zonke izinhlelo ezibalulekile;

- ukunwetshwa wemboni yesimo sezomnotho, i ekahle - ekuvinjelweni ngokuphelele izinkampani ezizimele

- ukulingana, elangenza nabanye.

The Left Party of Russia wethule vanguard - LamaKhomanisi (eqinisweni la maqembu amabili, futhi Zyuganov Anpilova), kanye abaxhumana zabo, "Patriots Russia", "nezokulima", "statists kaZwelonke" nezinye izinhlangano eziningana. Ngaphezu nostalgic amaphrojekthi sezenhlalo esedlule, ngezinye izikhathi phambili imizamo ngempela ewusizo zinengqondo futhi zizwakala.

umthetho Ukrainian

Uma eYurophu kunzima ukuqonda mayelana orientation, ngaleso sikhathi kuqhubeke (noma) Ukraine cishe engenakwenzeka ukwenza. Mayelana ne-capitalism, ngesimiso sokusebenzela uhulumeni, liberalism noma ubunikazi izindlela eziyisisekelo ukukhiqizwa, lapha akayi. The main lunqume e belinganisa imigomo yezombusazwe nezomnotho ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ihlobene eRussia, okuyinto kwesokudla-wing amaqembu e-Ukraine kubhekwa ezweni elinenzondo kakhulu. ukukhetha European - kuyinto enye zona musa ngilihawukele cishe lutho: akukho izinsalela amabhizinisi ezimbonini kanye wokubambisana noma labantu zabo. I Apotheosis lokhu mkhuba kwezombusazwe wasemakhishini esasinedumela elibi, "Maidan", kungase isikhathi eside. Okubizwa ngokuthi "indawo ye-indastri Right", kanye nabanye ultra-izakhiwo, yaphenduka inhlangano paramilitary ukuthi ilungele ukwenza umsebenzi sokuhlanzwa kohlanga.

The Left e-Ukraine

Ukrainian left- futhi kwesokudla-wing amaqembu njalo kungqubuzane. Phakathi naso sonke ukhona geqe emandleni kwakukhona kuphela abasekeli yezinguquko emakethe, Nokho, okuyinto, sahunyushelwa endaweni eyinqaba kakhulu. Noma kunjalo, "Kwesokunxele Bloc", ehlanganisa Socialists, eyabo, kodwa lesichubekako, All-Ukrainian Party Abasebenzi, futhi-ke, ngaleso sikhathi amaKhomanisi, wayehlale abaphikisayo. Lesi simo, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kulungile, ngenxa yokuntuleka umthwalo okwenzekayo kuleli zwe, ngakolunye uhlangothi kusikisela ukuthi izimiso Marxism kuthandwa kakhulu phakathi abantu bengasebenzisi. Empeleni, ngaleso sikhathi amaKhomanisi nesimo esifanayo eRussia. Umehluko owodwa, kodwa kubalulekile. Ngo lanamuhla Ukrainian ePhalamende kwesokunxele - umfelandawonye kuphikiswa, kuqhathaniswa uhulumeni nolaka ubuzwe.

Ngobani ilungelo, kodwa othile washiya

Ngakho, ukuqonda "leftism" futhi "rightism" emazweni aseNtshonalanga kanye emazweni post-Soviet iyahluka kakhulu. Okwamanje, "pravoseki" Ukrainian unekhono ajezise izakhamuzi ababebe nesibindi sokuba tie ku Victory Day nengalo St George iribhoni, bamemezela 'AmaSeparatist "abanjalo futhi" Colorado ", futhi uma izobiza isimiso ngamazwi, akusiyo inketho okubi kakhulu.

Ngakho, ngamunye kulabo zibalwa ngokuzenzakalelayo phakathi kwesokunxele, kungakhathaliseki nobuhlobo babo emibonweni jikelele ubulungiswa emphakathini. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, amaqembu kwesokunxele nakwesokudla European kuhluke kuphela imibala amafulegi party, amanye amaphuzu yohlelo futhi amagama.