Kuyini zakudala? Izibonelo ukusetshenziswa e enkulumweni yanamuhla

Ulimi neze sisesenjalo. Uyena eziphilayo, ingaphansi kwemithetho yentuthuko kungaqedwa. Ezinye zamatshe kakhulu yakhe ilungiswe, abanye lwaludlula abasanda kuthola. Yiqiniso, kuba nomphumela inqubo nokuthuthukiswa umphakathi (izinguquko ngokuhlelwa komphakathi, isigaba sabaphathi), futhi intuthuko kwezesayensi nobuchwepheshe. Hhayi ngokunikeza umfundi ithuba ngokuqondene ukuthuthukiswa Internet kanye computerization ukugeleza ebonwe ulimi lenqwaba amagama amasha - neologisms, barbarisms ngezikhathi ezithile (isb amathokheni okwamanje yingcweti ngokugcwele, ngokuvamile ezihlukahlukayo lokubhala limi). Nakuba amazwi akusebenzi futhi imiqondo basonta esidlule. Kodwa azizange ziphele ngokuphelele, ngoba lokhu yinto enensayo. Futhi inqobo nje uma abantu baphile, wazi ukuthi kubonisa, isibonelo, igama elithi "i-Komsomol" noma "esikoleni lobuchwepheshe", noma imisebenzi yobuciko, asebenzisa amagama akusebenzi (ngokuvamile kucacile kumfundi wanamuhla ngesimo ukuphawula, imibhalo yaphansi, amaphilisi), ngokuphelele ngeke bafe . Ukushiya amathokheni esidlule kungenziwa selihlukene ku archaisms futhi historicism. I last - amazwi elisho imihlola yisikhathi futhi imiqondo, izinto. Ngokwesibonelo, 'ka- elingenamikhono "," elingenamikhono "," ukuthuthwa "," Umabhalane "- namuhla awusekho lolu hlobo izingubo, izikhundla imoto. Ayikho serfs futhi boyars. Ngakho-ke, historicism. Kodwa kuthiwani-ke, kuyinto archaism? Manje ukusetshenziswa kwegama okhombisa buyinto, umqondo, into ekhona. "LANIT" - kuyafana izihlathi, "iminwe" - iminwe, "entanyeni" - entanyeni. Kodwa asikhulumi. Ukuze uqonde kangcono ukuthi yini zakudala futhi iyini indima yalo ngolimi nezincwadi, ahlaziye, iziphi imibono yakhe.

Kwaphela amagama it ayikashintshi nenani lanoma yiliphi lokubhala, kodwa kuthiwa e enkulumweni yanamuhla ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, "Umculo" "uphawu". Phela, in the 19 ukugcizelela ekhulwini wayengekho lapho manje wathi: "Umculo" "uphawu". Kuyinto mkhombe amazwi zaphela. Futhi iyini anachronism semantic? Leli gama, okuyinto iphelelwe isikhathi esisodwa noma ngaphezulu amagugu. Ngokwesibonelo, "zingawuhawukeli isisu." Sisebenza alikhulumi engxenyeni ethile yomzimba. Uma leli gama lisho "ukuphila." Noma "scoundrel" - kanye Leli zwi lalilihle akusona isiqalekiso, isiqalekiso, futhi wakhomba indoda langakufanelekela ukuba zingenele inkonzo yezempi. Okungukuthi, izwi ishiywa, kodwa manje selisetshenziswa esimweni esihlukile kakhulu, libe nencazelo ehluke.

Kuyini zakudala bheke lucebe noma lucebe? Ngokwesibonelo, yena "isela" e phraseologisms "Aki nesela ebusuku"? Uma leli gama lisho "isela", manje esetshenziswa kuphela njengoba ingxenye yaleli isisho, futhi kukalutshwana kakhulu. Amasela akhona, kodwa uphawu iphelelwe isikhathi. Futhi lapha, isibonelo, 'ubudlelwane' esikhundleni "ubungane", "Abadobi" esikhundleni "umdobi" impela kucacile kithi, njengoba nje ushintshe tijobelelo. Lokhu archaisms lucebe Russian izwi-kumiswa. Siyaqonda ukuthi 'amadola "- a' kwesigodi", "umbuzo" - "buza", kodwa amazwi anjengokuthi "uphudingi" (ukudla, ukudla) noma "ngelinye ilanga" (ngayizolo) kakade udinga imibono. Noma kunjalo, archaisms, amazwi esiphelelwe (kuhlanganise historicism), ukusiza lokuphinda ukunambitheka kwenkathi somlobi. Ngakho, badlala indima sitayela, ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa izinkulumo noma imiBhalo yabantu ayephila. Ngokuvamile aqonde ukuthi yini zakudala, usizo kanye negama (isibonelo, uhlelo "The Other Day" futhi ngokuvamile sisetshenziswa eminyakeni yamuva igama elithi "izindlu" esihlokweni), kanye Izaga, lapho kukhona izakhi ephelelwe yisikhathi ( "ngqondongqondo" - kusuka " span "- ngezinga elithile obuphelele). Ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka kwegama, noma izisho, kudingeka siphenye silulumagama ekhethekile (isib, amazwi esiphelelwe nemisho).