Kuyini utopia futhi dystopia?

Kuyini utopia? Lokhu eside isetshenziswa (ikakhulukazi) emisebenzini ehlukahlukene eqanjiwe. Babhekisela umphakathi ukuthi uphelele, ephelele. Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama lase lisetshenziselwa ngo-1516 sezombusazwe kanye sezifundo Thomas More wayesebenzisa. Kwakuwusuku igama lalesi siqhingi kumnandi, lapho bonke abantu bayalingana komunye nomunye. Ngemva nje kancane kwalokho, igama elithi "utopia" eziphendulwa umoya zaqala ukusetshenziswa ububanzi. Kuyinto efanele kuze kube yilolu suku.

Kuyini utopia? Ungasebenzisa kuphela ukunikeza okulotshiweyo jikelele kakhulu, ngoba zonke umbhali kanye sefilosofi yena inquma onjani emphakathini angabhekwa ekahle. Encwadini isiqondiso ezifana utopia ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa Amathrendi ezintathu eziyinhloko.

Okokuqala, it is a model of the state enhle lapho ibutho ukushayela kuyinto ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha isayensi, okutholakele eziningi futhi ezisunguliwe. Lokhu kuthambekela lingachazwa ngokuthi utopia technocratic.

Okwesibili, kube nezwe eliphelele lapho ubukhulu kufezwa ngokusebenzisa ama-apharathasi zezombusazwe sedivayisi ephelele.

Okwesithathu, kuba utopia kwemvelo nokunye lwezenhlalo, okuyinto umphumela kwemvelo okuqhubekayo self-ngcono ngabanye.

Yini engase ebekwe leli gama? Kuyini utopia? Njengoba sekushiwo, kwasekuqaleni - Ingumfanekiso oda esiphelele umphakathi. Utopia kungenzeka ngendlela ethile yokucabanga noma a zemibhalo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abalobi yesimanje nezazi zefilosofi, ngokungafani kuya ababengaphambi zabo, ukuze umqondo wezwe elingaphansi emhlabeni ukuze enhle nge lesinyenti sokungabaza. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyadingeka emphakathini wethu ngumqondo, leliphupho lungafinyeleleki? Yiqiniso, kubalulekile, ngoba abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye utopia kuyoba khona inqobo nje uma sibona amaphutha wonke, futhi ufuna akuqede. Lena esinye sezizathu esiyinhloko intuthuko kuzo zonke izici zokuphila.

Ayikho into efana utopia has okuphambene layo - a dystopia. A mkhuba efanayo usuthandwa kakhulu ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Dystopia - umyalelo izwe ukuthi usenza kuphela horror nokunyanyisa. Ngokuvamile lolu hlobo ukhonza abanye ukubhuqa maqondana umqondo wezwe elingaphansi ukuphila enhle. Ungakwazi ukulandelela ukufana zomlando. Sifaneleka ikakhulu kwaba uhlobo dystopian lapho ezinye izifunda wazama bona iphupho umyalo emhlabeni ekahle. Akubuzwa ukuthi imizamo efana nemiphumela engemihle kuphela, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa mass nokufa. imisebenzi avame ezilotshwe kule uhlobo, bathi akuyona njalo imizamo emihle okuhloswe ngaso ekushintsheni izimpilo zabo bonke abantu jikisa imiphumela emihle, ngoba wonke umuntu umqondo yabo umyalelo wezwe ophelele.

Ezindaweni ezifana utopia futhi dystopia, olufanele kakhulu okwamanje. Abantu abaningi bayakhathazeka kakhulu mayelana nezinguquko okusheshayo ezenzeka emhlabeni, kunzima kangaka ukuqonda lapho kungaholela. umcabango Human uma iya phambili, ukudweba izithombe ajabulisayo ngezinye izikhathi ezimbi kakhulu Umhlaba. Lezi zikhombisi kunzima ngempela igama fantasy abavamile. Ngokuvamile, kuba zibona sina zefilosofi, esekelwe ezingokoqobo owayephila futhi lisenza sicabange ngayo ukuphila futhi ikusasa lesintu.

Manje ngoba sewuyazi ukuthi yini utopia. izincwadi abadumile ezilotshwe kule uhlobo iyona "City of the Sun" ka Campanella, "Micromegas" by uVoltaire, "The New Atlantis" Bacon, "Ngo-2000," Bellani nabanye abaningi. imisebenzi Famous yobuciko, ezibhaliwe ngokuhambisana isiqondiso dystopia, ke "1984" Orwell ethi "We" Zamyatin, "iNkosi Izinambuzane" Golding, "A Clockwork Orange" Burgess, "Fortune I Begum sika" Jules Verne, "Akselerando" Charles Stross, nabanye.