Izibongo Lithuanian: imfundo, ukubukeka, imvelaphi

Ezweni bezizwe eziningi, futhi ngamunye kubo has izici zayo siqu: ukubukeka, sengqondo nendlela yabantu yokuphila. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izici, kuhlanganise igama lomndeni yokhokho. Ngemva kokuzwa igama ezithile, ungakwazi kakade ukuthi yini ubuzwe ukuyiphi lokhu noma lowo muntu futhi omele isiko kuba. Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngokwengeziwe ezimayelana amagama Lithuanian futhi ucabangele ukuthi avelaphi.

Indlela Bonke baqala?

amagama Modern Lithuanian zihlukaniswe amaqembu amabili: labo wabo ukuthi akhiwa ngqo ensimini ka Lithuania, kanye nabanye ukuthi iphakame aphume ezweni, kodwa njengoba isikhathi sekungene ulimi Lithuanian. Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-15 leminyaka lesi sizwe kwaba akunagama njengoba enjalo, bonke ngokuthi nomunye ngegama kuphela. Isimo sashintsha lapho insimu ka emazweni aseBaltic wafika ubuKristu ngaleyo nkathi.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi baqala ngenkuthalo wajaha Inqubomgomo isonto, futhi kwathinta Lithuania lasendulo. Kule ndaba iqala ukuphoqelela amagama yobuKristu, ngoba Lithuanian, eqinisweni, babe yobuqaba. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuze singalahlekelwa ubuntu babo, i-naseLithuania necebo igama lakhe, futhi aba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi amagama abo lasendulo yokhokho. Ekuqaleni, kuphela uvele abameleli izizukulwane ocebile ongumlimi imvelo efanayo kwenzeka kamuva kakhulu.

kwaphakama kanjani igama?

Kusukela ngekhulu le-16 e Lithuania kusungulwa ibandla-Slavic ulimi, kodwa ukusetshenziswa olimini Latin aqala ukuncipha. Ngekhulu le-18, ngemva kwabantu kuleli futhi bakule ndawo futhi amagama ukuthi baye baqala inikezwe izingane ngemva uyise, futhi, ngokufanelekile, ku igama ejwayelekile aqhubeka kudlule izizukulwane ngezizukulwane. Ukuze igama wanezela isijobelelo "-ovich", "-evich".

ERussia, isibonelo, isijobelelo "- ich" wanikezwa kuphela kulabo ababesondelene enkosini asebukhosini, kodwa Lithuania esabela ke bonke futhi ahlukahlukene. izikhulu Lithuanian akakuthandanga umsindo namagama afana: babona kule kwethonya eRussia, ngakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baqala ngenkuthalo ukushintsha lokhu Isijobelelo kulowo olusetshenzisiwe futhi polyaki- "-ski". By endleleni, lokhu Isiqalo ukuba igama esetshenziswa naseMpumalanga lwamaSlav, kodwa umehluko ukuthi nabasePoland Kulokhu wathembela nje amagama endawo. Ake sithi kulabo abangamashumi Pole wawuhlala edolobhaneni ka Wola, futhi igama wayebe ngenxa yalesi sizathu Wolski. Noma kunjalo waphawula ukuthi amagama amaningi Lithuanian izimpande Slavic, netijobelelo.

Inani

Kuze kube namuhla ulimi Lithuanian wafika cishe enjalo, ngakho baqonde nokuthi sisho ukuthini noma ukuthi igama ayenzi umzamo omkhulu. Nokho, lokhu akwenzeki ngaso sonke isikhathi, futhi kwezinye izimo zikhona nobunzima ezithile. Yiziphi amagama Lithuanian? Ngokwesibonelo, Leitis kusho ukuthi ugogo noma umkhulu, owanika igama lakhe elidala, ngake niyisebenzise leytskoy ukuthi babekhonza Grand Duke, Vilkas kule nguqulo kuzwakala "Impisi", negama Piłsudski - bake bahlala Pilsudy izindawo. Gintautas kusho - "ekuvikeleni abantu".

Drevnelitovskie amagama asetshenziswa ukuba izisekelo ezimbili, futhi ngokuvamile esihunyushwa ngokuthi bona esiqokiwe ikhwalithi womuntu noma amazwi baphathe kunencazelo ejulile. Ezidume kakhulu ezifana iqine - abantu, imiz - onqenqemeni wacabanga - nesineke, uGail - uzisole Fork - nethemba.

Ethandwa kakhulu amagama Lithuanian (owesilisa)

AmaNgisi Wikipedia uhlu amagama Lithuanian ethandwa kakhulu. Nansi inguqulo yasekuqaleni nokuhunyushelwa kwalo Russian. Kazlauskas - Kozlowski, Petrauskas - Petrovsky, Jankauskas - Jankowski, Stankevičius - Stankiewicz, Vasiliauskas - Wasilewski, Žukauskas - Zhukovsky, Butkevičus - Butkevitch, Paulauskas - Pavlovsky, Kavaliauskas - Kovalevsky.

Ungase futhi uqaphele namagama enhle kanjena Lithuanian Astrauskas, Blyudzhyus, Rudzitis, Simonaitytė, Vaitonis, Mažeika, Kindzyulis. Njengoba ubona, amagama ngokuvamile iphele -c.

amagama Lithuanian bomdabu

Futhi lokho kusho amagama ephela ngo "-aytis", "-enas"? Ngokwesibonelo, ezifana Deimantas, Budrys, Petkyavichyus. Eqale kanje: Phakathi enkulu ukubalwa kwabantu nesibongo inikezwe izingane egameni likayise. Ngokwesibonelo, indodana Vitas baba Vitenasom. Kodwa kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi naseLithuania wasebenzisa amagama anjalo kuphela olimini olukhulunywayo. asemthethweni zalotshelwa ngokuhambisana Slavic imethrikhi.

eziyimpumelelo Pure Lithuanian amagama, ngaleyo ndlela zimi kanje: -aytis (Adomaitis) iyisiqhingi (alis), -Njengoba (Eydintas), futhi ingafakwa ebekiwe futhi ekugcineni (Radvila).

Ngo eziyimpumelelo ezifana -auskas, -evichyus, -inskis, okuyinto zihunyushelwe Russian ngeke kuzwakale -ovich, -evich, -ovski, -evski, -ski, wathonywa isiko lwesiSlavic, futhi kabasebabili bomdabu Lithuanian.

amagama Female: imithetho imfundo

Uma sicabanga amagama zesifazane yesimanje Lithuanian ke abona umehluko okukhulu kubantu. Sinenkosi tijobelelo -ut-, -ayt- futhi -yut-, uboniswa empandeni igama likayise, futhi ngokuvamile kukhona e langesikhatheso ngoKukhulamungu. Ngokwesibonelo, inguqulo leduna nesibongo Butkus, owesifazane kuyodingeka izwakala Butkute, Orbakas uphendukela Aguilera.

Amagama abesifazane abashadile kufanele eziningana kwamanye umehluko kulowo has a umyeni. Indoda uyoba zinyanga igama Varnas, nomkakhe - Vernene. Ngakho, siyabona ukuthi ungeze Isijobelelo -ene, noma kwezinye izimo, -uven, -yuven, kanye -e langesikhatheso ngoKukhulamungu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imithetho ephathelene kumiswa insikazi amagama okufana, ezivumelekile Lithuania kuphela. Uma umndeni uhlala e-Russia, bobabili abashadile kuyoba uzwakale okufanayo. Kodwa endabeni yakhe, uma intombazane imahhala, ngisho ezweni lethu igama lakhe izwakale sengathi wahlala eLithuania. Njengoba ubona, kukhona eziningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama lapho nje kudingeka baqonde.

Ingabe amagama Vail?

Ulimi Lithuanian inohlelo isakhula icala isiZulu. Ngokuvamile amagama Lithuanian ukuqeda nge incwadi c kukhona, kodwa kukhona ezimbili ongakhetha yilezi: noma ukuba le ncwadi ngeke ukwakha ebalulekile okuyingxenye, noma ngabe umane libhekisela esimweni nominative. Lokho kungase kwenzeke ezahlukene ukwehla, lena incwadi C iphele. Ngokwesibonelo, igama Landsbergis, ku genitive - kakade kuzwakala Landsberg. Latvians Abaningi Banamathele izibongo Russian leyo ncwadi, njengokuthi "Lenin" ngolimi lwabo kuzwakala Lenins, ngakho njengoba kudingwa nemithetho yohlelo lolimi. amagama Female, kanye amadoda. zonke bayichezukisa e isiLatvia. Kodwa uma isetshenziswa ukuhumusha Russian, singaphansi namanye amalungelo: abesifazane - hhayi yawohloka, kwathi amadoda - kunalokho.

Umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama e umehluko

Cabanga ngesibonelo amagama owawuthandwa, kuzodlalwa ezinguqulweni ezimbili, iduna nensikazi, + ukuze igama elifanayo umkhaya, umbhangqwana umsindo ehlukile.

Kazlauskas - Kazlauskene, Petrauskas - Petrauskene, Jankauskas - Yankauskene, Stankevichus - Stankeviciene, Vasiliauskas - Vasiliauskienė, Zhukauskas - Zhukauskene, Butkus - Butkiene, Paulauskas - Palauskene, Urbonas - Urboniene, Kavaliauskas - Kavalyauskene.

Ngokuhamba lesi sihloko sithole, lokho kusho amagama futhi waqonda umlando imvelaphi yabo nokuthi kukhona ukwehla lwamagama Lithuanian. Bona encane ingagcina omunye izilimi zase-Baltic, okuyinto idume yokuthi namanje uyasinda njengoba yayinjalo.