Kuyini magma: definition. Kuyini magma futhi lava

"Mash noma wamafutha obukhulu" (ngesiGreki), iwuketshezi silicate oncibilikisiwe idwala esivuthayo nemvelo. Yilokho magma. Senzeka uqweqwe eMhlabeni e isiphuku engenhla, ngesikhathi ukujula okukhulu. Futhi ngesikhathi Ukupholisa yayo yakha rocks isici.

Kuyini magma? Incazelo kwisichazamazwi

Ngo emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, igama elithi "magma" sihunyushwa ngokuthi mass ancibilikile, engaphansi esiqinile. Futhi ukhombe ngezithako zawo silicate futhi akwazi ukwenza elinye rocks igneous.

umsuka

Iqiniso lokuthi elikhazimulayo ngaphakathi wonke. Ukushisa liyancibilika emadwaleni eliwumhlaba, okuyinto ngenxa kukhona esimweni liquid. Kuyini magma? Lokhu itshe ketshezi, ebiyelwe igobolondo kanzima emzungezile. Kulula kakhulu, ngesisindo sezinti igobolondo. Ngakho-ke, futhi antante phezulu ngesikhathi ingcindezi. Ngezinye izikhathi magma akuyona kwabheduka kwangaphandle, kancane kancane ukupholisa phansi endaweni ethile ejulile ngaphansi komhlaba kanye Uqinisa. Ngakho izinkulungwane zeminyaka yena omisa izintaba. Ngezinye izikhathi amadwala kanzima futhi ukubanda ayikwazi ukumelana umfutho ophakeme ngaphakathi magma. kuphakama amaphutha lapho magma ubona kuthululiwe. Nanguya namanje isimo uketshezi, elulele kanye emhlabathini.

Kwenzekani ngokulandelayo

Kuyini magma, eyabonakala phezu kobuso bomhlaba na? Ibizwa ngokuthi udaka olushisayo. Ngemva magma kwabheduka ngaphandle, ngokushesha uqala kuphole, uxhumana imvelo bangaphandle emkhathini kuma. Lokhu kwenzeka angabacwasi ngokushesha. Ezinye izinto kufakwe ngezithako zawo, ngiyakuzenza lukhuni nezinye zinhlayiya obumba. Lezi zinhlayiyana sengathi sintanta zohlobo ketshezi. Futhi enkulu babo yakha lava ezintabeni. Zonke lezi zintaba yakhiwa zinhlayiya eziningi linamathele-basalt. Zibizwa ngokuthi porphyry.

amakhemikhali ukwakheka

Kuyini magma ngokombono isayensi yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali? Kulesi idwala uketshezi iqukethe izinto eziningi zamakhemikhali. Phakathi kwabo, magnesium, i-sodium, insimbi ne-potassium. Kanye - izingxenye oluyingozi: chloro, fluoro, i-hydrogen , nabanye. Futhi ingxenye ezinjalo, njengoba amanzi umusi. Njengoba ebusweni ukukhululwa izakhi oluyingozi (inombolo yabo) ziyancipha, kwenzeka inqubo degassing.

ngezigaba

• Basalt (eziyisisekelo). It is equkethe Silica (50%) e semali magnesium, insimbi, aluminium, calcium. Ngo nenkanyiso encane ngokwezinga - titanium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium ne-sodium.
• Granite (esidi, rhyolite). Iqukethe Silica (65%). Kuyinto egcwele igesi lunesibalo aphansi ukwedlula le-basalt.
• Ngu uhlobo ukukhuthazwa kanye indlela ukuqina kukhona izinhlobo eziningana magmatism. uhlobo Okungafuneki - osemanzi magma, ke crystallizes usezibilinini, ngaphandle ekuvezeni. Effusive uhlobo - magma Kuqubuka phezu kwaleyo nokumisa asevele ekhona.

inqubo solidification

I magma ncibilika kuhlanganisa uketshezi, amagesi zinhlayiya esiqinile esimweni esithile zilingana. Ngaphansi kwethonya imvelo ivolumu magma bathambekele ziphenduke. Ezinye zinhlayiya amaminerali atholakala elicibilikile, elinye - futhi kwenzeke.

Kusho ukuthini magma? Lesi yisisombululo kunalokho kuyinkimbinkimbi wherein kwezulu amakristalu okuqinile kungaphansi kwemithetho yemvelo neyamakhemikhali. Kodwa ngisho okufanayo Ukwakheka magma ngezinye izikhathi sishintshwe izinga lokushisa nokucindezelwa.

ngezinye izikhathi ethela magma ukugeleza rate ifinyelela 30 km / h, izinga lokushisa - kuze kufinyelele 1250 degrees. Ewuketshezi, lo magma inakekelwa kuze lokushisa mayelana 600, bese iqala yokuzigxilisa.

Kulokhu, amaminerali crystallize futhi ugxile ezindaweni ezithize intuthuko, ukudala ezifakwa endogenous yensimbi, izinsimbi non-ayoni futhi eziyigugu, amadayimane. Lezi amadwala igneous zenzeka lamadwala eyinkimbinkimbi.

Kuyini magma futhi lava?

Njengoba sekushiwo, lava - kuyinto izvergnuvshayasya magma, ehlanganisa viscous ncibilika amatshe, okungcono silicate. Umehluko omkhulu kusukela lesibili - akukho igesi lava ukuthi volatilize eMhlanganweni ekhishwa "Liquid Stone". Lava enokuthambekela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kuphole bese eqinisa, ephumula kusengaphambili yabo. Ngenxa yalokho, kwakhiwa lava idwala izintaba ngisho ithafa. Ezahlukene lava wentaba-mlilo kuhluke Ukwakheka, izinga lokushisa kanye nezinye izici. Ngokwesibonelo lava carbonate ziyaqothuka, elithambile, kulula ukuncibilikisa emanzini.

mlilo

Sisanda acabange ukuthi lo mhlaba ongaphakathi siqinile futhi ongasanyakazi. Eqinisweni, ekujuleni unaphakade kukhona ukunyakaza impahla oncibilikisiwe - magma. Kade ngifuna indlela ebusweni emifantwini ehlukahlukene tubules ezenzeka uqweqwe eMhlabeni. Ngakho kukhona izintaba-mlilo - okuyinto wathola magma Kuqubuka kwangaphandle, oniselwa konke endleleni yayo. Of iqhuma edume kunazo (ibikwe isayensi) kungenziwa kuphawulwe ukukhululwa kwe magma at Krakatau esiqhingini ngo-1883. Ngenxa yalokho, lesi siqhingi labhujiswa ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuqhuma amangalelwe kuka 200,000 izimpilo!