Pines ubude. Uyini Pines ubude

Le ndawo of Pines umkhumbi ezikhulayo - insimu libuswa sezulu elibuhlungu. amahlathi Pine ezindaweni ixazululwe ka ehlathini. izihlahla zikaphayini, amahlozi izintaba. Abaningi babo bakhule sezulu onomoya, isibonelo, eCrimea.

Ngenxa ukukhula zindawo enyakatho sezulu esibandayo, uphayini - conifer - has a ugodo esiyingqayizivele nge izakhiwo kakhulu ngokomzimba futhi lokukhanda. Zohlobo kungokwalabo zokwakha ethandwa.

morphology

Umkhumbi zikaphayini kungokwalabo uhlobo lwe of siluhlaza AmaConifers. It has a izinaliti ezithambile encane noma yenaliti. I izinaliti ziqoqwa izinyanda amancane (2-5 izicucu), imikhawulo unizyvayuschie samahlumela iDemo. Izigaxa wavuthwa ukuthi yanda yaba umhlambi omkhulu ubude 3-10 amasentimitha, ukufihla oreshkovidnye imbewu ukuthi cishe bonke enikeziwe enamaphiko.

izihlahla Photophilic banezimfanelo ezijulile futhi eqinile uhlelo impande ngokuvamile wakhiwa ipulazi eyohlobo - izihlahla zikaphayini. Ukuze olwenzeka endaweni bancamela ezomile asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi, elingenalo humus evundile, Peat inhlabathi kanye sphagnum bogs.

ductility Excellent kohlelo impande, ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu izimpande, ikhono lazo ukuqonda indawo ebalulekile kwezakhi zenhlabathi futhi ukungena Icwele ezijulile, kanye nekhono osilivat izindawo ezintsha kanye izakhiwo negative kubangele nezimo ukuze ezinhlotsheni ezihlukahlukene zenhlabathi.

Izimpawu ukhuni

Izinkuni zalesi sitshalo nge iziqu ubude iqonde zinezikhathi ethile namandla, ubulukhuni futhi okhipha inhlaka. Lona ukhuni ephelele shipbuilding. Kuyinto lapha kwakukhona igama "Pines abade" - izihlahla nge izakhiwo echaziwe. A izindawo ehlathini lapho zikaphayini sikhule ikakhulukazi ngokuthi "o-Ashera umkhumbi" noma "ihlathi insika". Eyayakhiwe kusukela lezi zihlahla, ngokuthi "elintantayo zikaphayini isihlahla."

Ukuphakama kwezihlahla, lafinyelela selilonke kwesigamu imitha, ngokuvamile okhethe amamitha 70. Uma uyikha phezulu le, iziqu zazo usinamathelise cishe ngokuphelele ifindo lingekho. Inani okwandisiwe ukhuni zalesi sitshalo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi kukhona cishe awekho amaphutha, ke isithombe uhlobo enhle engokwemvelo, invoyisi yasekuqaleni.

Palette umbala ukhuni nhlobonhlobo. It ixhomeke izimo, ezimila Pines ubude, isithombe okuyinto njalo umxhwele. Umbala wayo olumhlophe-yellow, ngokubomvu futhi shades brown. Izihloko of high kanye nomphumela zokuhlobisa.

ukhuni Pine has a high density. Kuyinto ngaphezulu izikhathi 1.5 kunalokho zikaphayini abavamile. liphinde abanakho ukuthambekela warpage, umbhukudi kakhulu. Iziqu owagawula izitshalo tho kalula phezu kwemifula, ehlathini ezimangelengele.

izinto okhipha inhlaka okuyinto ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana umkhumbi zikaphayini in inqwaba etholakala therefrom ukuvikela izinto (izingodo, izingodo kwamapulangwe, njll) abolile izinhlanzi izimuncagazi athile kanye nesikhunta. Facilities okuhlala okuningi kunamanye zinhlobo esihlahleni.

Izinhlobo umkhumbi Pines

Shipbuilding kufanelekile ezintathu izinhlobo zemithi zikaphayini: ophuzi, obomvu (Rudow) nomhlophe (myandovye). Esikhathini Pines ophuzi, anyukele 50-70 amamitha angu, engasindi, okuhlala, eqinile futhi nokunwebeka izinkuni. Kule insika izakhi ekhiqizwa.

zikaphayini Red, expanses eside zenyakatho Russian band, namagxamesi ayo omile futhi amagquma, asetshenziswa womshini ukhuni asezindongeni asetshenziswe design ingaphakathi lwemikhumbi. Kusukela kwenza decking. It upholster ngaphakathi kwelinye lamagumbi izinhlangothi, Bilge, nendawo panel kanye nokunye.

White zikaphayini izinkuni zikhetha sezwe exhaphozini kahle waphuphuma amanzi, isetshenziswa ngesikhathi amaphepha. Lusebenza lapho asikho isidingo ukuthobela amandla akhethekile inqaba. Izinto kusuka ugodo efanelekayo lenhlangano yezinsiza yesikhashana, izifanekiso, coasters, nezinye izinto. Nquma ukuthi iyiphi uhlobo isithombe isithombe zikaphayini isihlahla akunakwenzeka ukuba basize. Ngenxa yale njongo, sidinga ukhuni wabona ukusika.

Sebenzisa shipbuilding

Abakhi bemikhumbi ngendlela ekhethekile usebenzisa izingxenye ezahlukene iziqu. Imikhumbi ezakhiwa ngokuhambisana uphawu zemvelo. Imininingwane ebalulekile zazenziwe umgqomo zibheke enyakatho. Kungenzeka ukuthola izingxenye okuqinile futhi isikhathi eside. Phela, isihlahla ohlangothini lwasenyakatho uthola imfudumalo okungenani kanye nelanga. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ukhuni ethathwa langasentla, grained, ke lunesibalo ephakeme.

bushelelezi kakhulu le micu ukhuni endowed ophucwa amagatsha engezansi pine. Tree ukuphakama futhi abushelelezi, imiphongolo lengenamaphutsa ivumela ukuthola izingodo of keels kanye ibhodi isikhathi eside surface bushelelezi.

Amatilosi esikhathini esidlule isetshenziswe kuphela ukwakhiwa ugodo isitshalo zokuthutha amanzi, kodwa futhi resin. Zazilalelisisa oseyili nezintambo, Slots nezimagqabhagqabha ngemikhumbi ahlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, i-etholwe okuqinile imikhumbi onensika tooling. Kusukela ubude, Pines usinamathelise anamandla esakhiwe izitsha ngoxhaxha umbuso Russian.

izihlahla insika

I Pines eliphakeme ubude ngemiboko eqinile ngqo mahle womshini insika ka imikhumbi. Ziyakwazi emangalisayo kanzima kanye nokhuni anenhlaka eqinile ikakhulukazi engxenyeni ephakathi ye-isiqu lapho esihlahleni itholakala-nucleus.

I engxenyeni engaphandle core sapwood lowehlukile. Emongweni umbala bazolokhu ngaphandle sapwood. Shades staining nucleus kuxhomeke nemibandela izihlahla ezikhulayo.

Ukuvikelwa kwamahlathi insika

Ngu umkhumbi Amahlathi ziwumthwalo izimfuno eliphezulu kakhulu ngesikhathi uPetru I. Bona etshalwa ngokuvumelana nezimiso ezithile, enifeza ukunakekelwa okunzima. Phela, bran iyona okungenani 12 amayintshi (48-54 cm) kufanele zibe nalolu zikaphayini. Izithombe isihlahla lokhu usayizi kubonisa kahle ubukhulu bakhe.

Kukhula Pines nenani oyifunayo kuthatha isikhathi esiningi. Kule ndaba, lapho mina uPetru amukela izimiso evimbela pine ukugawula efanelekayo shipbuilding. Ukuze izitshalo agodliwe wathwala 12-Vershkova izihlahla. Ngenxa yokwephula oda zabahlawulisa imali enkulu. Ngayinye ngokungemthetho izihlahla cut kwakufanele sithathelwe indawo yizinto ruble 10 esihle (kuyilapho Peck rye izindleko kancane njengoba 15-20 amasenti).

Ngaphandle ukuthi amahlathi zikaphayini isibaluli emahlathini agodliwe, uPetru ngenza isinqumo Mast zikaphayini ithebhu. Waqaphela ukuthi Pines amade futhi oki ezikhulayo eminyaka. Mahhala kwamahlathi nokuklaba ezisengozini nokubhujiswa kwabo okusheshayo. Ukuvikela ehlathini ekubhujisweni, umbusi esungulwe ukulawula isimo phezu ukusetshenziswa kwalo.