Kuyini indida? Izibonelo indida nezinhlobo

Lesi sihloko sichaza lokho indida, unikezwa izibonelo zabo abuye acoce izinhlobo ezivamile.

indida

With ukuthuthukiswa isayensi kukho kwakukhona izinto ezifana, isibonelo, logic nefilosofi. Bangabakhe uhla yobuntu, futhi efika kuqala kungase kubonakale sengathi ngokungafani kuya eyala ukuthi ukufunda kwezwe elisizungezile (biology, i-physics, i-chemistry), lokho akusho ukuthi kubaluleke kangaka. Nokho, akuyona. Nokho, abantu abaningi liphathelene lezi eyala zango ezihlukahlukene, ukuthi ngokwengxenye kweqiniso. Kodwa uzokwenza kufanele kushiwo ukuthi njengoba zango olunje kwezinye izindawo nesayensi. Ngakho-ke yini indida nokuthi kungaba? Kulesi siyowuqonda.

definition

Igama elithi "indida" livela ngolimi lwesiGreki. Yikuphi ngempela okunengqondo, ngoba isikhathi esingaphansi koMbuso WamaRoma naseGrisi lasendulo kubhekwe kokusa wesayensi ezifana logic nefilosofi, okuyinto ukuhlwaya zango njalo. Ngakho-ke yini indida?

Umqondo enezinto eziningi izincazelo ezifanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngomqondo kwansuku indida - kuba isimo ezingaba khona ngokoqobo, kodwa akudingeki athole incazelo enengqondo, noma okushiwo kube nzima ukuqonda futhi esilufifi.

Uma sicabangela lokho okushiwo yile izwi e logic ke lokhu okubonakala esisemthethweni okunengqondo, okuyinto kuba ezifana esenziwa noma yisiphi izimo ezikhethekile noma engavamile. Manje siyazi ukuthi zango ezinengqondo.

inhliziyo

Uma sicabanga lo mqondo Ngomqondo obanzi, ngokuvamile ngaphansi kwakhe ukuqonda izahlulelo, izitatimende namanye izimo washintsha kusukela umbono evamile futhi Ubonakala elibanzi noma subjectively kwakungenangqondo kakhulu. Nokho, logic of kancane kancane avele, uma uqala ukuqaqa lodaba kabanzi. Kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula - ukuphikisana aphorism, indida is abatelekile ukumangala futhi isakhi ecacile nenengqondo.

Kodwa ukuthatha sihlolisise yeThestamente logic.

logic

Ngamafuphi, indida logic - lokhu okubonakala eyinqaba okuyinto ine uhlobo oluthile, ngendlela ecacile nenengqondo okukhipha lesifanele, kodwa kuyinto agumenti, okuholela kwetinhlavu iziphetho ezimbili noma ngaphezulu alizimele. Ngakho manje siyazi ukuthi indida.

Kukhona futhi izinhlobo eziningana indida okunengqondo - Aporia futhi antinomy.

Lesi sakamuva libhekene khona zinto ezimbili, ukuthi iyaphikisana, kodwa kokubili ngokulinganayo provable.

Aporia uwukubonakaliswa khona ingxabano noma agumenti ambalwa eziphikisana kakhulu ingqondo, evamile umbono womphakathi noma enye into esobala. Futhi lezi zimpikiswano zicacile futhi demonstrable.

isayensi

Sciences, asebenzisa logic njengoba ithuluzi yolwazi, ngezinye izikhathi kwenzeka isimo lapho abacwaningi ukuzolwa kuwukuphikisana uhlobo theory, noma ukuphikisana eziye zaqhamuka ziphuma kule uphenyo kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela kuya ngamazwi, umphumela esisebenzayo yokuhlola. Nokho, lena akuyona njalo indida injalo emsulwa, ngezinye izikhathi kuba umphumela amaphutha ezivamile, ukungapheleli ulwazi lwamanje, izindlela noma amathuluzi ukungalungi kwabo zokukhiqiza.

Noma kunjalo, ukuba khona indida bekulokhu isisusa olwengeziwe njalo ukuze baqonde kabanzi imfundiso elisobala futhi ezinye ubufakazi bayo okuthiwa sobala. Ngezinye izikhathi lokhu kwaholela yokuthi ngisho ezimisiwe kanye ecacile mbono uye zishintshwe ngokuphelele. Manje siyazi okushiwo into, njengoba indida. Izibonelo abanye abakubheka ngezansi.

indida photometric

It kungokwalabo isigaba Cosmological. nencazelo yalo itholakala umbuzo kungani obumnyama, lapho sonke isikhala elingapheli egcwele izinkanyezi likhipha ukukhanya? Uma kunjalo, khona-ke iphoyinti esibhakabhakeni ebusuku ngamunye nakanjani abanye kwenkanyezi ekude, futhi ngokuqinisekile ngeke abamnyama.

Nokho, leli phuzu yagcina ukuxazululwa. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka acabangele ezilinganiselwe ngobudala bendawo yonke futhi finiteness of ijubane lokukhanya, okusho ukuthi ingxenye yonke ukuthi iyatholakala wokubuka, nakanjani abe nomkhawulo okuthiwa kuyizinhlayiyana umkhathizwe.

Ubuhlakani kanye nefilosofi

zango okunjalo zokuphila wahlangana eziningi abantu, kokubili ukucabanga kwansuku zonke futhi ezincwadini ezihlukahlukene kanye nezincwadi. Ngokwesibonelo, omunye ethandwa kakhulu iyona indida kaNkulunkulu. Phela, uma thina bayavuma ukuthi akuyona into enamandla onke, bese ukuthi ingakwazi ukudala itshe yena ngeke akwazi ukuwushintsha?

Eyesibili, futhi zivame kakhulu ngokusekelwe kuyifilosofi. nencazelo yalo ukuthi abantu cishe ngeke ukuqonde lokho abanakho futhi uqale ukuba siqonde kuphela ngemva kokushonelwa.

Njengoba ubona, zango - lokhu iyisici kakhulu yehlukene kaningi okubalwa ezisebusweni ehlukahlukene futhi ukuphila.