Kuyini bonsai? Kanjani ukuze utshale isihlahla miniature ekhaya?

Ngoba umuntu unesitshalo - a violet ukuqhakaza noma ficus namahlamvu amnyama shiny. Futhi ofuna zikhule ehlathini yangempela nedlanzana elincane emhlabeni.

abalandeli Abaningi izitshalo zasendlini abaye balizwa izwi engaqondakali "bonsai". Kodwa uyini bonsai futhi indlela yokwakha ngesimangaliso ezincanyana nje abaqondi. Nokho ukuqonda lokhu ngempela namaqiniso.

Umlando bonsai

I fashion izihlahla miniature ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke waseJapane. Kodwa-Japanese akuzona umsunguli ifomu elisha art. Bonsai umqondo weza kuye evela China. Kodwa-Japanese waliyisa ukuphelela.

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala ukutshala izihlahla miniature wawela ezandleni mlando ngo-1972. Esikhathini Mausoleum ePrince Zhang Hui izithombe ezitholakele ezichaza ngokuningiliziwe ubuchwepheshe okhulayo izihlahla ezincane. Ukwahlulela indlela ngokucophelela imidwebo eziye zalondolozwa ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezaziyolandela, inqubo okuthiwa saqanjwa ulwazi ephezulu value. Imidwebo sangomhla emuva kokubusa Chinese Tang BakwaHan, okuhambelana 600 BC. e.

AmaShayina ngokuthi olungavamile wokuzilibazisa "pensay". I-Japanese ukufunda umlingisi Chinese ngendlela yakhe, bese igama elithi "bonsai" kusho "otshalwa e-ugqoko."

Phela, lo abavubukuli bathi abaseGibithe lasendulo wayazi ukuthi bonsai. Bona etshalwa izitshalo ezincane izigubhu ezikhethekile, kodwa ngokuthi ngokuhlukile. Ngeshwa, le nguqulo waseGibhithe kwegama engakaze balondolozwa.

Yini iphuzu

I-Japanese waletha art yokukhula izitshalo miniature ekupheleleni. Umuthi ngamunye kudinga iminyaka eminingi emsebenzini ngo master, ukunakekela kanye nesineke. Okuwukuphela kwendlela uthole wobuciko oluhlaza ezokwenza uphile isikhathi eside kunaleso kumdlali. Beautiful isitshalo uzothola abafundi nomvuzo ngubani kahle yini futhi ukuthi ungakanani umzamo bonsai master uphosele lokhu ubuhle.

Ubuciko bonsai - kuba ifilosofi ezithile elikuvumela ukuba bamukele ukuphila futhi ujabulele ubuhle flow yayo. Yilowo nalowo muthi ongatheli ezandleni master egcina izigaba ezintathu, njengazo zonke izinto eziphilayo emhlabeni. Okokuqala, kungenxa ekhaya kosemusha, ekhazimulayo nge freshness futhi ingcindezi ke engena ukuvuthwa, ukufinyelela ukuphelela nobuhle amafomu, futhi esigabeni lokugcina - ukuguga embodying zonke yize ukuhlakanipha kwaleli zwe. Futhi, ngaphandle kwalokho, a bonsai - uphawu ngokuqhubeka izizukulwane, ngoba omncane kunabo bonke emkhayeni kudingeka ufunde kokuhlangenwe nakho kwakho futhi bakwazi ukugcina lokho wadala abantu abadala.

Yimiphi imithi zingatshalwa

Ngokuvamile, i-ezikhulayo iziqukathi usebenzisa zinhlobo siluhlaza. Lokhu kungaba nomsayipuresi Japanese, umjunipha Chinese, isi-Japanese Cryptomeria, pyatilistnaya, omnyama noma obomvu zikaphayini. Bonsai izihlahla lezi zinhlobo ubukeka olubabazeka kakhulu, kodwa abanye abantu bakhetha sikhule izihlahla lezihlahla, kukhona ikhubalo ekhethekile ezinkathini zonyaka zishintsha. Kulokhu, bamba le iplamu Japanese, apula izihlahla of izinhlobo ezahlukene, cherry, abanye izinhlobonhlobo maples, rhododendrons, azalea zasendle, izinhlobo ezehlukene amagonandoda, Persimmons, amagilebhisi asendle, willow nabanye.

Bonsai zikaphayini ubukeka amahle kakhulu futhi engavamile, njengoba kubonakala esithombeni ngezansi, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana nalezi izihlahla zikaphayini yesikhumbuzo.

Bonsai Izitayela: Tokkan futhi Moogi

Ngisho master elitheni Kawusoze izitshalo ezimbili ezifanayo. Kodwa nke iculo wenza ihlukaniswe ngokucacile ku izitayela. Lolusiko wethulwa art bonsai kuyinto Japanese. Banikwa inombolo ekubizweni izizathu izihlahla zihlukaniswe izitayela. Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-30, kodwa sizoxoxa ezivamile.

Uma ubona isitshalo bonsai nge isiqu iqonde, ukwandisa emhlabathini, khona-ke sitayela lesihlelekile oqotho - Tokkan. Esinye isici esibalulekile kuye - kuya phezulu isitshalo kufanele zauzhatsya. Kulesi isitayela, angakhula you phi hlobo of izinkuni. Kufanekisa Tokkana - isizungu uyaziqhenya futhi uhlamvu okungenakudanjiswa.

Uma lesi sitshalo side thwi, kodwa amagatsha awo ungenalo isakhiwo esicacile, futhi ahlelwe nomaphi ke lesi sitayela Moogi. Isiqu esihlahleni ingagoba, kodwa ithiphu ngempela idwetshwa umugqa base, ukwakha phansi perpendicular. Moogi lifanekisela ubulula inkululeko, kodwa - isifiso ukudlulela ngale kwezimo aphikisanayo.

Fukinagasi futhi shakai

Lokhu izitayela bonsai, efana isithombe esenziwe eqinile gusty imimoya. Ukuze shakai (isitayela-ithalikhi) libhekene emthambekeni engela phansi, kodwa muthi yakhishwa. Fukinagasi (ibheke umoya) Kungase kudingeke umgodi flat futhi bathanda ngempela ukufunda, kodwa igatsha lawo kwelinye direction (bebheke emthambekeni), njengomuthi omi kwanda umoya onamandla. Umfanekiso lezi izitayela - ukumelana namandla emvelo futhi umzabalazo ukuphila.

isitayela Sokan

Sokan kusho "isiqu olunjengemfoloko". Lesi sitayela, kuye kwashukumisela abalandeli bonsai Imvelo uqobo lwayo, ngoba ngokuvamile kakhulu kusukela empandeni efanayo futhi Wemigqomo liphume, enye yazo enamandla futhi ephakeme. Umuthi ungaba flat noma slanted, akusiyo kubaluleke kakhulu, into esemqoka - ke kumele akha umqhele ovamile. Dala bonsai efanayo ekhaya ngangokunokwenzeka, beshaya sengathi umgqomo legatsha lesibili eliphansi. Umfanekiso lesi sitayela - ngokuqhubeka izizukulwane kanye namasiko ukuhlonipha. ngezinye izikhathi Sokan okubhekiselwe kubo ngelithi "amawele" noma "ubaba nendodana."

Kengay futhi Khan kengay

Kufana kancane izinhlobo ezifanayo bonsai ku wendlale futhi polukaskadnom isitayela. Kengay - njengomuthi omi ukuthi ayekhula eweni emaweni. Ukuze sisinde, kwakufanele bonyana enze bazivumelanise ngayo nezimo ezinzima. uphawu isitayela - plasticity kuzo zonke izimo.

Khan kengay has a isiqondiso ovundlile ngaphezulu ukukhula stem. Izihlahla, efana sikhule ogwini, njengoba bezama ukufinyelela umqhele amanzi. Hyun-kengay - bonsai, isithombe esibonisa ngokucacile ukuthi amagatsha ningaweli ngezansi phakathi embizeni, wabe ichopho izitshalo njalo engaphezulu eliphansi.

Ngenxa yalezi izitayela ukukhetha izitshalo plastic ngemiboko eguqa. Kukhethwa ikakhulu pine tree, cotoneaster, umjunipha.

Bundzingi

Lesi sitayela kubhekwa enye yezinto ezinzima kakhulu ukuwenza asebenze. Futhi Ungomunye endala kakhulu. Uma kungenjalo, lesi sitayela ibizwa ngokuthi "etemibhalo." igama ezinjalo ngenxa yokuthi izitshalo isimo olotshiwe wesakhiwo "izinhlamvu Japanese." Masters like ukubhala izimpawu ohlotshisiwe, ezikhulayo izihlahla ezinde iziqu engonxantathu ngaphandle amagatsha ephansi. Crohn kule uhlobo bonsai uvunyelwe kuphela uchonywe. Isitayela limelela ukudlala futhi ukuphakama. Ukuze ukukhula conifer ekhethiwe noma zinhlobo ezibanzi enezicabha.

Charming ibhoni-ue

Ungacabanga ukuthi bekuyoba njani izimbiza bonsai e owakhula ehlathini elincane? Lesi sitshalo e isitayela ibhoni-ue. Ukwakheka yakhiwa inqwaba zemithi nge ukuphakama ezahlukene, ne ukujiya ezahlukene kanye nobudala zalesi sihlahla. Ngokuvamile abakubutha inombolo obungavamile izihlahla, okuyinto ngokuvamile basuke ephilayo yohlobo olufanayo. Batshala kubo ngaphandle kokubona wesimethri nokugwema ibanga elifanayo. Ngakho, inkosi ithola epaki ayo noma copse amancane, efana kakhulu izilwane zasendle kule ndawo.

isitayela Sharimiki

Ezinolwazi Japanese baye bafunda ukubona ubuhle kuzo zonke mzuzu zokuphila. Baye bafakazela ukuthi ukuguga kungase futhi kube enhle. Ukwenza lokho kugomela - Sharimiki isitayela okungukuthi "ukhuni efile". isihlahla Artificial ikhula amagxolo elidala kusukela godo kususwe ingxenye ethile, futhi vybelivaetsya ugodo, ukudala umehluko okhona phakathi kwabafileyo futhi uyaphila. Amasayithi izingodo ezibolile kungabonakali bend, kodwa kumele kube kuyabonakala bona. Ukuze lolu hlobo kuvame kakhulu ukuba kusetshenziswe zokhuni.

zokutshala bonsai

Uma uya sikhule echazwe isimangaliso zifiki uyazibuza kanjani ukutshala bonsai. Ungenza lokhu ngezindlela eziningana:

1. Miso indlela. Lena indawo enhle Wabasaqalayo experimenters. It is ebiyelwe kokuhlwanyela imbewu eqoqwe endle. Kulokhu, ungakhetha kusukela ezihlukahlukene amagciwane ingenye ukuthi kuyadingeka, futhi baqala kancane komnotho kusukela ekuqaleni.
2. Indlela Toriki. Lokhu ezikhulayo izitshalo miniature kusuka cuttings noma layering. Ukuze usebenzise le ndlela, endaweni efanele ku Imi igatsha noma sithenwe amagxolo izinkuni ziphathwe evuselela amahhashi wavula ukukhula. Izinkuni moss muffle ingxenye kanye ifilimu futhi 3 (ngezinye izikhathi ezingaphezu) izinyanga. iphuzu cutoff akusho uyobanika wome ngaso sonke isikhathi.
3. Indlela Yamadori. Inani elilinganiselwe igama - "atholakala futhi bemba." Spring ehlathini noma engadini isitshalo efanelekayo, ngimbe emaceleni nilishiye libe kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ukuze kwakhiwe ebusweni amahhashi. Ngemva kwalokhu nezimpande eziqinile kancane emifushane, lesi sitshalo akhishwa inhlabathi, futhi iqala ukwakheka bonsai ebhodweni.
4. Indlela Ueki. Nge indlela esinjalo wathenga ngomumo isitshalo esincane e nursery ke anqunywe utshaleke flat imbiza. Noma ukuthenga bonsai abasha, futhi phambili Simila, esekelwe zabo okuthandwa siqu ngesitayela.

Kanjani ukwakha isitshalo

Umsebenzi oyinhloko e bonsai ezikhulayo - ukuphoqa esihlahleni ukuze ahlale amancane. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ukubambezela ukukhula futhi unike ukuma oyifunayo. Ukuze ukukhula okusithiyayo ngokuvamile ukusika izimpande futhi amahlumela amasha ziyasuswa, khetha inhlabathi mafutha, zisebenzisa ayimbijana umanyolo akhethiwe izimbiza ekhethekile bonsai, lapho angakhula uhlelo impande kakhulu. Futhi, qiniseka ukusebenzisa uhlelo buthaka izimali ayo, okubangela ukusikeka ovundlile phezu kwezinkuni noma Criss-uwela emgqonyeni wire.

Lapho lesi sitshalo ngokwanele simile, uqale Ukunquma amagatsha awo kanye lwaleli. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa wire yethusi, okuyinto sisithandele amagatsha nezikhonkwane ilungiswe isitsha sezimbali. Egoba kungcono ukuqala ehlobo, lapho amagatsha ikhululekile. Ukuze kungabi bikho ukulimala umqhele, indawo eguqa zihambisana ngentambo esithambile noma Bast.

izihlahla okuhambisana nesikhathi kusiza ukuvusa ezikhulayo isidingo nezinso. Uma udala ifomu enhle kumele bathunyelwa egatsheni ngakwesokudla, bese ukhetha izinso, ababambelela endaweni efanele, waquma igatsha ngenhla wakhe, emshiya ngenhla kanye Hemp.

By endleleni, uma kutshalwa bonsai zikaphayini, kubalulekile ukwenza ukusika ngokucophelela okukhulu. amagatsha ezilimele zingenza phuzi. Lokhu kusebenza futhi neminye AmaConifers.

Indlela nokunakekela izitshalo

Lesi sitshalo kudinga ukunakekelwa kukho konke ukuphila kwakhe. Ukuze ukhule ube ehloniphekile bonsai, ukunakekelwa ekhaya enikeziwe unyaka wonke. Lezi zihlanganisa transplanting, efaka umquba, ukuchelela.

Repotting is arcade kwenziwa entwasahlobo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimpande ayibi futhi musa yakha ibhola. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, isihlahla esuswa nezitsha, izimpande bafa futhi ubuyisele isitshalo endaweni, kodwa enhlabathini fresh.

Ukuze wenze wokutshala ingxube ka humus 3/5 inhlabathi, 1/5 Peat kanye 1/5 isihlabathi. Inhlabathi esitsheni kahle tamped ukuze kungabi voids. Ukuphakama inhlabathi isitsha -. Ngenhla mayelana 5-6 cm ke, ngokuvamile ehlotshiswe amatshe kanye moss.

Yokudla wenziwa entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Isikhawu inakekelwa cishe amasonto amabili. Efiswayo ukulungele ukusebenzisa uketshezi Umanyolo eziphilayo bird droppings, okuyinto ethulwe ngemithetho 2 amahora emva ukuchelela.

Yiziphi ezinye izinto okudingeka sikhule Bonsai enempilo futhi enhle? Ukunakekelwa ekhaya sidinga i ukuthambisa obuningi futhi avamile. Abantu abaningi usethe esitsheni ne komtamariske esitsheni flat ngamanzi. phansi kwalo ugcwele amatshe amancane ukubeka grate. Izinga amanzi kuthreyi inakekelwa kwelinye izinga. Lokhu kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukwandisa umswakama ukunciphisa ukuthambisa.

Amanzi ayingxenye ebalulekile izihlahla miniature inqwaba. Kodwa kumelwe acabangele uhlobo isitshalo, ngoba izakhamuzi zokuzamazama ezahlukene sezulu izimo ezahlukene ukuthambisa. Ngokwesibonelo, ezincane enezicabha Carmona - a bonsai ukunakekelwa isihlahla edinga ngenkasa ezinkulu nsuku zonke. Kodwa Jade ngakho ukuthambisa luyingozi, izimpande zawo akakwazi ukubhekana yobuningi umswakama kanye rots.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi isihlahla miniature kufanele uyophuziswa kaningi, ngisho noma ifomu akawuthandi inhlabathi ezimanzi, lapho kukhona lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• amaqabunga amagatsha emikhulu nezinabantu abaningi kakhulu;
• isitshalo etshalwe isitsha esincane noma flat, kusukela ngaleso sikhathi enkulu umswakama ukuhwamuka ebusweni endaweni substrate;
• igumbi esomile kakhulu futhi emoyeni efudumele.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sitshalo ngeke ukuvikele sishaye njalo. Nokho, qaphela ukuthi zinhlobo siluhlaza kungenziwa olufuthwe ngamanzi distilled kuphela. Uma usebenzisa kampompi abavamile amaqabunga yokuqhuma olumhlophe Nondeducibility livela.

Manje ukuthi uyaqonda ukuthi yini a bonsai, ungazama ukudala wobuciko yakho. Kodwa ake ucabange futhi ukuhlola amandla abo. Uma ungeyena nesineke ngokwanele ke mhlawumbe akufanele bathathe lo msebenzi onzima.