Amafomu bonsai. bonsai Growing ekhaya

Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi i-bonsai - kungcono uhlobo lomuthi izitshalo yemifino etshalwa izimbiza ejwayelekile. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi bonsai - kungcono ifomu ubuciko, noma isiqondiso wefilosofi Eastern, okuyinto izihlahla ezincane Japanese njengoba sigcwalisa. Eqinisweni bonsai - kungcono ngempela izihlahla ezincane, okuyizinto ikhophi inembe kakhulu kunazo zonke izihlobo zabo ubude. Thola kubo - kokuba ukubuqonda yonke imininingwane uhlobo oluthile yobuciko, futhi iminyaka igcinwe ngempumelelo ekhaya lakhe - kuphela ukuqonda yonke ubuqili nefilosofi Eastern esekelwe lokucabanga, ukuhlonishwa ukucatshangelwa. Ngaphambili, isihlahla Japanese esiyingqayizivele emude igumbi imbali evamile ingabonakala kuphela emibukisweni. manje Bonsai isibe adume futhi zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe. AmaRashiya amaningi nabo baqala inkositini amasu kulinywe yayo. Kuyinto elula kuphela efika kuqala, kodwa athwala eziningi izimfihlo kanye nezici.

Ukuqalisa

Uma unqume ngokuqinile ukuthi umuthi omncane ebhodweni okudingayo, nawu umbuzo, ukuthi angaluthola kanjani. Ukuze iwenze ube lula umsebenzi, ungakwazi ukuthenga ngomumo eyenziwe bonsai esitolo. Khona-ke isikhathi nezinga lokuphila kwakhe ifulethi kuzoncika ulwazi futhi ukugujwa kokuthwasa imithetho ukunakekelwa. Kodwa labo abanamathela eziseMpumalanga isiko ngokuqinisekile ufisa sikhule siqu plantlets yabo exotic kusuka ekuqaleni. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene bonsai, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lwesitshalo ukuthi sizoguqula ibe yemifino. A ikhandidethi bangaba cishe kunoma iyiphi imithi yensimu noma eseduze ihlathi emasimini. bonsai art isibe sibonga abadumile eJapane, kodwa wazalwa ngo China phakathi Tang BakwaHan, lapho omunye ababusi baso oyifunayo ukudala inguqulo amancane umbuso walo. Bese necebo Chinese uhlakaniphile asendvulo izihlahla ezivamile ziyafana, kuphela encishisiwe ngokuphindwe kayishumi. Baqamba igama lakhe ngokuthi amasu amasha ezolimo "tilled ethreyini" noma bonsai. Ngakho, lokhu okulandelayo yizindlela ezithile, e yemifino ungaguqula iyiphi isitshalo. Kodwa umkhuba, impumelelo ngokuvamile livela izihlahla ongamelana izimo ezimbi kakhulu khona, okungukuthi, ukuba kukhule nomqulu omncane zenhlabathi, aziguli kusukela izinguquko izimo zokukhanya yemvelo, ukushintsha kwamazinga okushisa yonyaka futhi ayakhala. Ngakho-ke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo bonsai ukhetha, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele izimo zemvelo zokuphila nezilwane ezifuyiwe futhi silwele ngabo njengoba cimeza njengoba enzeka.

Kuphi ukuthola impahla ukutshala

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, efanelekayo bonsai izitshalo ezahlukene like AmaConifers futhi lezihlahla. Lapho ekhetha, kubalulekile ukuba banake ukubaluleka iqabunga blade. Njengoba isitshalo potted kuyinto miniature, kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi lamina ka prototype zayo akuzona sikhulu kakhulu. Kungenjalo, ipotimende encane nje abakwazi ngisho nokuzitholela lokho uwagcine. Isimo sesibili - ukuthi zezitshalo, zazo ukudala izinhlobo ezahlukene bonsai, waba nokuthambekela zofuzo ukwakha umqhele obukhulu. Njengoba kuchazwe ikhandidethi, kubalulekile ukuba acabangele, lapho inhlabathi ezikhulayo bonsai ikusasa lakho endle, nge ukukhanya ngasiphi nomswakama. Konke lokhu kuyodingeka ncamashi kabusha indlu ebhodweni. Ekusebenteni, impumelelo kwafezwa izihlahla zezithelo, ezisawolintshi, nge umbomvana, Maple, rhododendron, ficus nabanye abaningi.

Yamadori

Kukhona hhayi kuphela izinhlobo ezahlukene bonsai, kodwa ubuchwepheshe obehlukene esiphelweni yayo, noma kunalokho, ukuqala ukusebenza kulinywe. Yamadori kuyinto ubuchwepheshe kakhulu elula. itholakala yokuthi endaweni yazo yemvelo is ibuke ilungelo kwakunezigqiki ezithambile abasha. Ngimbe emaceleni othize embuthanweni, izimpande eziqinile kakhulu (uma ikhona) kukhona ufushanisiwe futhi ushiywe wedwa izinyanga ezintathu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwathi akhishwa phansi futhi ibekwe endaweni yinhlama ekhethwe imbali imbiza (bonsaynik). isitshalo pritenyayut ngoba lithathelwe okusheshayo wafutha, pose efana lokushisa yemvelo.

Toriki

Lokhu ubuchwepheshe ngesiRashiya izindlela cuttings eziwubala. Kubalulekile ukuhlangabezana zokukhokha yenqubo. Ngokwesibonelo, e-Russia kuba hardwoods ezifiselekayo zazo ngifakelwe kwentwasahlobo, futhi AmaConifers, kunalokho, ekuqaleni. I lezitshalo okwenziwa ngazo cuttings ayavunwa, kumelwe ibe ngaphansi kweminyaka emihlanu - eminyakeni eyishumi. Uma nje ulandele imithetho wokutshala impahla kungenalutho ukuze bonsai zakho, amnakekele esikhathini esizayo ngeke nilingenise ukuphoxeka. Cuttings kufanele usike kuphela sezulu liguqubele ukusika okwamanje amahlumela elukhuni. Ubude yabo ingahluka, kuye ngokuthi isibalo interstices. Akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka ezintathu hhayi efiselekayo ukuba engaphezu kwemihlanu. Unqenqema engenhla ahlabayo ukwenza bushelelezi, kuyilapho chamfered ephansi, ibekwe emanzini, limbozwa ngendwangu emanzi. Enye indlela abenza Toriki - ku Vending kwegatsha isuswe ngokucophelela isiqeshana amagxolo akuyona ebanzi kuka-2 cm noma kwegatsha imbobo, okuyinto ufakwa itshe. Le ndawo ngobuningi oswakanyiswe Appin Swathe sphagnum phezulu polyethylene, zihambisana futhi kuvikelwe nhlangothi zombili ukunqanda supply emoyeni. Kulesi cindezela isipetu njalo umswakama enikeziwe. Roots legatsha Kumelwe ubeke ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-60.

miso

Le ndlela kuyinto ekahle Wabasaqalayo futhi imbewu ukukhiqizwa kabusha. Kufanelekile kulesi maples, oki, nombomvana, emhlophe, ezisawolintshi. Wena ingalandwa izihlahla akhethiwe imbewu ezivuthiwe bonsai ukuba wathola ngaphandle kwezinkinga. imbewu kuphela ukuthi zidlule eziqondile zazo zonke izigaba babhekane nezinga elikhulu. Ukuze iwenze ube lula umsebenzi, ungakwazi ukukhipha ngokunembile entwasahlobo emhlabathini imbewu kakade imila futhi ihlume ukulungele ukubeka Ngokuzayo bonsai ezitsheni okulungiselelwe.

Ukwahlukanisa ngekwesayizi

Kukhona zinhlobo kuphela ehlukene, kodwa bonsai izitayela ezingalingani ngobukhulu. Kuyamangalisa ukuthi emhlabeni zezitshalo miniature inezidingo imidondoshiya yayo encane kanye midgets. Ngo International Ukwahlukanisa ahlukanisa

1. Mame. Leli qembu siqukethe ukuphakama esihlahleni futhi 20 cm phakathi kwabo .:

-Kesi-tsubu (lilliputians e Lilliput, ukuphakama kuphela kuze kube 2,5).

- ngesihlungo (kufika ku 7.5 cm ubude, linanikhulu lema-8 cm).

-Gafu (ubude 20 cm).

2. Sohin. Leli qembu siqukethe izithombo usayizi Lesisemkhatsini phakathi encane kakhulu futhi encane nje. Nalapha futhi, kukhona subgroups ezimbili:

-Komono (ukwanda ngabantu abangaba ngu-20 cm).

-Myabi (25 cm).

3. unguKhefasi. Iqembu usesikhundleni umhlabathi ophakathi. Plantlets kubhokisi lokungenayo wakhe, zingakhula 40 cm.

4. Chu. Izitshalo kuleli qembu - cishe imidondoshiya, ukufinyelela imitha ukuphakama. subgroups:

-Tyuhin (cm 60).

-Omono (100 cm).

5. Amabhondi ,. B Lilliput isitshalo emhlabeni kuba imidondoshiya ukwazi yokwelula ngamasentimitha 120 nangaphezulu.

Ukwahlukanisa umqhele ezimise

It kuvela, ngendlela okubukeka umqhele, kukhona izitayela ezahlukene bonsai. Traditional zihlanganisa:

-Tokkan (isiqu uqonde, ukuqina base).

-Moogi (base futhi ichopho Isiqu perpendicular phansi, kuyilapho lwalugobile maphakathi).

-Sokan (isihlahla Isiqu ezimbili, ngayinye umqhele yayo, ukwakha lonke olulodwa).

-Syakan (ngaphandle emgqonyeni ukuhlanekezela, kodwa ezikhulayo emhlabathini engela).

-Kengay (izihlahla zifane ukukhala classical, okungukuthi, sikhule ngemiboko bayichezukisa ngezansi imbiza, kungathi egeleza).

- Khan Bandar Kangan (Wemigqomo izihlahla bese uphonsa phansi, kodwa ithiphu kuhlale kuhambisana nezitsha phansi nokwelula amagatsha azimele zifane izithombo).

-Bundzingi (umuthi likhula yimani niqonde iziqu, kodwa inombolo okungenani amagatsha).

-Sekidzodzyu (esitsheni phansi, kukhona amatshe izimpande zesihlahla njengoba uma entwine).

-Isitsuki (esitsheni ukuze udale ukwakhiwa zamatshe lwalugobile, futhi izithombo zikhule ematsheni zabo).

-Hokidati (umugqa Wemigqomo isitshalo, futhi amagatsha yakha nomqhele omuhle eyindilinga).

-Ose ue (isihlahla ezimbizeni ikhula kancane, hhayi ukuphindaphinda kwe-4, ukuphakama ezahlukene kanye nobudala).

-Ikadabuki (mbumbulu ukhuni, efana lwawela phezu kwabantu phansi, abanye amagatsha ezikhula phezulu esiqwini).

izitayela okukhethekile

Ngaphezu zakudala, ukuthole kulula, ubuciko bonsai has a eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, odinga ikhono elikhulu. Ziyakwazi:

-Netsuranari (y izimpande zesihlahla ezikhulayo komunye umoba amaningi Ziyathandelana nomunye).

-Fukinagasi (laqanjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, lapho Bonsai ikhula hhayi kuphela obliquely, futhi ukuze amagatsha awo namaqabunga ahlelwe njengamehlo isihlahla ivame ukuba avale).

-Sakey (esitsheni lidale belingisa ekhoneni nemvelo - amahlathi noma ezimayini indawo, futhi izitshalo bonsai wenze lokhu sekulingisa lemvelo).

imithetho ukutshalwa

Hhayi kunzima kakhulu ukugcina bonsai ekhaya, ukunakekela ogxile mkhosi okuqinile imithetho. Iphutha labo abacabanga ukuthi izihlahla yemifino kufanele kuphela sikhule endlini njengoba ingxenye lokubhalela. Isikhathi esining impela ngohlobo bonsai ngaphandle, futhi angena ngayo endlini kuphela lapho kuqala kubanda. Uma ebusika akuyona ezinzima, bonsai kungenziwa kwesokunxele emgwaqeni, kodwa nezitsha kufanele ibekwe isitsha esikhulu ububanzi, futhi phezulu ikhava ungqimba aminyene moss kuze kube amagatsha esihlahla.

Kubalulekile ukuthi bonsai lezihlahla ebusika kanye in vivo, bechitha amaqabunga awo futhi kwaphela isikhathi esithile wasala ukuphumula. Ukuze wenze lokhu, bakhuphe endaweni epholile. Isimo sesithathu impumelelo - lena ukuhambisana ngqo ne ukukhanyisa kanye nomswakama. Uma bonsai akuyona ukukhanya yemvelo ngokwanele, eminye zihlanganisa isibani, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo acabangele ukushisa Zikhiphela. Ukuze silondoloze umswakama okuqukethwe elikhulu kungenzeka esebenzisa damper kagesi. Uma akakho, isidlo flat nge isitshalo ingafakwa kuthreyi, uphahlwe amatshe nohhafu-wawugcwalisa ngamanzi. Indlela elula, kodwa nendlela esihle- ayizwakali kakhulu fafaza umqhele isitshalo.

kokwehla

Lapho ukulungele zokutshala impahla - cuttings noma imbewu - a bonsai kufanele ibekwe endlini yakhe. I-Japanese kanye nokusetshenziswa Chinese salokhu nezitsha ongaphakeme futhi imbali amabhodwe, embozwe glaze noma opaque, kodwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ninokuningi izimbobo amanzi eziningana. Lokho kungukuthi zakhukhula inhlabathi, amboze umgodi ucezu Tile. Ubujamo imbiza kungaba noma ikuphi. Umhlabatsi bonsai zasendlini kungcono ukuthatha okufanayo umzalwane wakhe emgwaqweni. Abanye abaculi balungiselela phansi eceleni. Ungadliwa ngesikhathi wonke umuntu. Nazi ezivamile:

-mixture izingxenye alinganayo zobumba, amatshe, humus, idwala uthuli noma isihlabathi;

-glina, humus nesihlabathi at okungu (3: 5: 2);

humus -glina, amatshe (1: 5: 3);

umhlaba -listovaya, coke, isihlabathi, amagxolo, inhlabathi mlilo.

Kunoma ikuphi, inhlabathi kufanele kube lula ukudlula kwamanzi ukuvimbela zikuthola yokujama tsi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingcweti abanolwazi belulekwa ukuba zokukhipha igciwane ngaphambi kokutshala imbiza nomhlabathi. imbewu wakubo yafakwa phansi, embozwe ingilazi, lonke isikhathi ukuhluma inakekelwa lokushisa efudumele kanye nomswakama ngokulinganisela. Achanyuselwa futhi babesheshe bafike 2-4 eshiya esiteji izithombo dive. Ukuthuthukisa uhlelo impande, ukusebenza Pick kumele kwenziwe izikhathi eziningana. Cuttings kanye izithombo zitshalwa enhlabathini efanayo imbewu. Ukuze kangcono kucedvwa cuttings amboze ucwecwe.

ukufakelwa

Growing bonsai akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ushintsho, okumele kwenziwe njalo, esiphezulu eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu ngaphambili ukugeleza ubisi. Lo msebenzi wenziwa kanye esolwa impande bola. Ngaphambi zitshala simila izinsuku ezimbalwa abasele ngaphandle ngenkasa. Kusukela ibhodwe kususwa ngommese. Nge izimpande ngobumnene ukuhlanza inhlabathi, izimpande zonke izimpande osolisayo futhi ezinkulu ziyasuswa. Sula ebhodweni, ugcwalise ambalwa amasentimitha inhlabathi entsha kwesokunxele emva izihlahla izimpande qondanisa induku lokhuni, zisakazwa phansi embozwe umhlaba, ohlangene waphuzisa. Plantlets ukwazi ukulungisa wire, push emgodini abakhwabanisi.

Bonsai (isitshalo): nozonakekela

Okuqukethwe izihlahla ezincane akuzona eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Badinga uyophuziswa njalo hhayi ngamanzi abandayo, okwenza ukuthi inhlabathi in the ebhodweni asihlali ezomile noma kakhulu phezu-ogelezayo nokumanzisa. Phakathi ukuphumula izitshalo bazithela kancane njalo ngesikhathi yokukhula ngokuvamile. bonsai efaka umquba achithwa edingekayo. Kwenze kusukela ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokukhula njalo ngesonto, unezela sapropel noma urea. Kungenzeka futhi ukusebenzisa umquba ngesimo granules noma izixazululo. Umquba aqukethe nitrogen kakhulu isetshenziswa ngemva ukukhula kwegagasi lokuqala. Lapho kuqala dormancy kwesikhathi yokudla imisiwe. bonsai coniferous ebusika kungukuthi ukudla. Zalisa abagulayo izitshalo esanda utshalwe bengayi.

kumiswa bonsai

Indlela yokwenza evamile isihlahla engavamile - kungenzeka lokhu umbuzo oyinhloko. Ubuchwepheshe lapha lihlukile. Esimweni sethu kahle, ngisho Wabasaqalayo maple bonsai. Khetha ezihlukahlukene oyifunayo, ovamile imithetho imbewu noma cuttings, onyakeni wokuqala lesi sitshalo ukulinika udlondlobale. Kamuva ukshintsha ukubukeka umgqomo, ngomusa evala ngayo ezithambile (ithusi noma se-aluminium) ngocingo. Kodwa nge maples akuyona njalo ukuletha imiphumela. Ngokuvamile akha izihlahla. Ukumisa ukukhula phezulu, it is ukususa njalo amahlumela. Encwadini kahle esikhulu maple leaf ipuleti. Ukuze kuncishiswe it, emhlabeni Phakathi nehlobo amacembe ahlanzekile ukhulile, kokushiya petiole. Isihlahla ngalesi sikhathi iyiswe isikhundla Ukufiphaza. Ukuze zikhule bonsai maple aluhlaza, kulapho ilungiswe kungenzeka QUNTA emgqonyeni welulela kakhulu (ukumboza inxeba ngamanzi isinqandakuvunda), ukususa amagatsha lwamathambo, prischipnut amahlumela. Ukuze wenze enyakazayo isiqu noma eguqa, nalokho esikhathini sokukhula asebenzayo angakuqinisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi Sinker noma ngobumnene izimisele endaweni efanele futhi ukulungisa wire yethusi ngokuwufaka ngesizotha ngaphansi Indwangu. Ungasebenzisa izindlela eziningana ukufeza ukushuba oyifunayo isiqu. Kwezinye izitshalo spliced iziqu abasha, bephonsa nabo eduze komunye nomunye kanye kunenze nisondelane ndawonye. Ukuze Maple, le ndlela kuyinto kahle. I ukujiya isiqu kulokhu ibangelwa akhronimi.