Izinga Physical - kungcono ... izimfanelo Basic ngokomzimba. izinga Physical: amandla, lobubhalo

izimfanelo Physical - Iyini? Impendulo yalo mbuzo kuzoxoxwa ngawo esihlokweni ethulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, sizokutshela ukuthi iziphi izinhlobo izimfanelo ngokomzimba khona, futhi iyini indima yabo ekuphileni kobuntu.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngaphansi ngokomzimba izimfanelo umuntu siqondwa isethi esakhiwe emphakathini izakhiwo engqondo nezinto eziphilayo. Ngamanye amazwi, yiziphi izimfanelo ngokomzimba - ke ukuzimisela kwabantu ukuba uzibandakanye kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi motor (more esebenzayo). Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi nezinye izici zobuntu bayehluka kuphela ezenzeka phakathi izixazululo motor imisebenzi ngosizo motor izenzo.

ikhono ngokomzimba

izimfanelo Physical - Iyini? Manje uyazi impendulo yombuzo othile. Kodwa, uma ucabanga izimfanelo ezinjalo yomuntu Awukwazi ukusho mayelana amakhono akhe. Ngakho, ngaphansi kwaqeda ikhono lemvelo ukuqonda abalufundile noma azalwa naso tekusebentisa okuzinzile izakhiwo okungenzeka umzimba kanye nezikhungo zayo, ogama ukuxhumana kuholela ukusebenza ngempumelelo motor izenzo.

Yini eyabangela?

Ukuziletha okungenhla kumane izimfanelo ngokomzimba futhi amakhono umuntu ukuvumela lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Ngesikhathi enhliziyweni imfundo le zici, okokuqala kunakho konke, kuba ukuthuthukisa amakhono ngokomzimba. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi kulapho asethuthukile, esitebeleni more ebonakaliswa kusombulula tinkinga tetibalo ezithile (motor).
• Ukuthuthukiswa namandla omzimba kunjani zincike wemvelo isegazini womuntu ukuthi ukucacisa izici ngamunye kanye nemisebenzi izakhiwo zomzimba noma izitho ngabanye. Ukuthembeka ekusebenzelaneni kwabo, inkulumo ethi uzinze kwalelo khono abafanele.
• Ezemfundo ngokomzimba izimfanelo yomuntu kufinyelelwa ngokuxazulula motor imisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngokuphathelene namandla omzimba kunjani, ziba phakathi ukusebenza ezithile motor imisebenzi.

Izici Zabantu izimfanelo ngokomzimba yomuntu

Njengoba wazi, ngokuphelele ubani kalula ufunde indlela ukuhamba ngebhayisekili noma skates. Nokho, lokhu akusho ukuthi wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukuhamba amakhilomitha 100 umngane ezimbili ezinamasondo, noma ukusebenzisa 10,000 amamitha eqhweni oshelelayo. Izenzo ezinjalo uzoqalisa ukusebenza ngokugcwele yilabo kuphela evuthiwe amandla, ukukhuthazela, ijubane, ubungqabavu nakalula. Ukuthi la mazwi abonakala motor izimfanelo zabo ezingokomzimba umuntu.

Kufanele kugcizelelwe ukuthi ngaphandle ukuthuthukiswa ezanele ezifana izakhiwo umsubathi abakwazi dream mayelana iyiphi impumelelo kanye nemiklomelo. Amandla ayo ayinhloko ngokomzimba achazwayo phakathi ukuqeqeshwa njalo abaqhuba izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvivinya umzimba. Kulokhu, degree of umfutho wabo futhi isiqondiso ixhomeke kumuntu noma ezinye ukuqeqeshwa ngokomzimba. Ngakho, ukuthuthukiswa oluphelele lwazo zonke izimfanelo wabhekisela eziphelele, futhi kubalulekile kuphela oluthile lomdlalo - ukuqeqeshwa okuqondile.

Amandla indoda

Njengoba izinga ngokomzimba bebutho kunqunywa iqoqo amakghono athile, ukuhlinzeka ngezinga elithile umthelela umuntu ezintweni zangaphandle noma izinto.

Ngokuvamile, amandla amandla abantu ziyabonakala kuphela ngamandla isenzo (ulinganiswa amakhilogremu), okuyinto yena, sigqugquzelwa imisipha ukungezwani. izimpawu zawo degrees kuncike enjalo izici bangaphandle zangaphakathi inani izinsimbi, indawo emzimbeni, futhi izakhi zayo ngazinye endaweni, futhi isimo sokusebenza womuntu kwemisipha izicubu kanye nesimo sakhe sengqondo obuhlukahlukene.

By the way, indawo emzimbeni futhi amayunithi zayo ngazinye esikhaleni ivumela ukuthonya ubukhulu bale amandla. Lokhu kungenxa amaphaphu ezahlukene kwemisipha izicubu e zibhekise ezahlukene indoda. Ngamanye amazwi, kulapho imisipha zinwetshwe, aba maningi amandla.

Phakathi kwezinye izinto, ikhwalithi amandla ento edaliwe, noma kunalokho ukubonakaliswa kwawo kuxhomeke kulokho isilinganiso emishinini yokuphefumula kanye nokunyakaza izigaba. Iningi ukubaluleka kwalo kunqunywa ukunwebeka kwemisipha, kanye aphansi - at umoya.

nezinhlobo zamasosha

Amandla kungaba okuphelele noma okungaphelele. Okokuqala kwalo kunqunywa ngaphandle ngekucikelela esisindo akhawunti amagugu esiphezulu imisipha ukucindezeleka. Ngokuqondene yesibili, ibutho ezifana esibaliwe isilinganiso lamanani eliphelele isisindo somzimba wabo siqu.

Izindlela sokuthuthukisa amakhono

I degree of ngokubonakaliswa kwamandla umthamo incike inani kwemisipha izicubu, kuhileleke nezinye izinkinga okuyinto emsebenzini, kanye nezici ukusikeka zabo. Ngokuhambisana le ndlela 2 ukuhlukanisa ukuthuthukiswa yabo:

1. Ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo umsebenzi ngemizamo esiphezulu. Lezi imisebenzi ehilela ukusebenza izenzo ezithile motor ne eduze-umkhawulo futhi umkhawulo izinsimbi. Le ndlela ivumela esiphezulu viva uhlelo kwamanyuroni futhi uhlinzeke ukwanda enkulu emandleni umthamo.
2. Ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlobo umzimba ezinesisindo unsaturated. Le ndlela libhekene ukwenza izenzo ezithile motor nenani eliningi ezinikezwa. Lokhu kwenzeka izinsimbi lapho elincane. Le ndlela ikuvumela ukuba enze omningi umsebenzi nokuqinisekisa okusheshayo kwemisipha ukukhula. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi le unsaturated ngumthwalo ayikwazanga kuthiye control traffic ubuchwepheshe. Nalokhu japan operation kufinyelelwa isikhathi eside.

stayer

Physical ukukhuthazela izinga kunqunywa ngokusebenzisa isethi eqondile amakhono, kanye nokugcina umthamo eside usebenza zokuzamazama ezahlukene (ngokulinganisela, okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi eduze-umkhawulo lomthwalo esiphezulu). Kulokhu, endaweni ngayinye ihlukile isethi ethile wokusabela izakhiwo zomzimba kanye nezikhungo zayo.

Isikhathi emsebenzini mechanical kuya ukukhathala uhlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu:

1. ukukhathala kokuqala.
2. Ukulimala.
3. Decompensated.

Isigaba sokuqala besihambisana nesiminyaminya njengoba ukubukeka kokuqala izimpawu yokukhathala. Okwesibili - indlela ngokuqhubekayo ushona ukukhathala, okungukuthi nokugcinwa umsebenzi ekhona umfutho by kancane kokushintsha isakhiwo motor yenqubo (isib ukunciphisa noma ukunyusa ubude Tempo izinyathelo uma isebenza), kanye umzamo ezengeziwe volitional. Isigaba sesithathu - ngezinga eliphezulu ukukhathala, okuholela ukwehla okuphawulekayo in ukushuba umsebenzi, kuze ngokwahlukana kwayo okugcwele.

Amandla izinhlobo

Umkhuba futhi inkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela ngokomzimba imfundo ukukhuthazela uhlukaniswe:

• ekhethekile;
• jikelele.

ukukhuthazela Special libhekene nomsebenzi eside, okuyinto yena, kuncike degree yokukhathala nokuxazulula izinkinga (motor). Ngokuqondene jikelele ke ngaphansi kwakusho ukusebenza nge eside uxhumano kuzo zonke izakhiwo lomzimba izitho ukusekela ukuphila.

Ukwahlukanisa ukukhuthazela ekhethekile

Cishe zonke izimfanelo ngokomzimba eyisiqalo zinhlobo zayo kanye zenyathi. Ngakho, ukukhuthazela ekhethekile libhekwa izici ezilandelayo:

• motor action ngayo nefunda ngayo motor axazulula inkinga (isib, igxuma ukukhuthazela);
• motor umsebenzi, ngaphansi kwezimo lapho isixazululekile motor imisebenzi (isib imidlalo ukukhuthazela);
• ukuxhumana nezinye izindawo ngokomzimba ukuthi zibalulekile ukuze kube yimpumelelo izixazululo motor imisebenzi.

imfundo ukukhuthazela

ukukhuthazela womuntu alethwe ngokuxazulula imisebenzi motor okudinga ukugqugquzela izinqubo yezinto eziphilayo nezingokwengqondo ekupheleni esigabeni odlule noma ukukhathala compensatory. Izimo ezinjalo kufanele unikeze izinketho eziningana ngokusebenzisana isakhiwo nokushintsha isenzo motor futhi ilayisha.

Into esemqoka ekuthuthukiseni sokukhuthazela kuyinqubo umzimba ngokomthetho, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuba ichaze ngokunembile ububanzi kanye nosayizi umthwalo. Ngo zikhawu kubagijimi ukuphumula ngokuvamile ukwenza imisebenzi ku muscle, ukuphefumula, kanye nokuthuthukiswa ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela.

Phakathi ukukhuthazela submaximal imithwalo ukuthuthukisa kuphela uma uzivocavoca ku nokudidiyela ukunyakaza. Izikhathi ukuphumula, isikhathi kanye nenani umzimba okunjalo kufanele ezihlobene uhlobo lomsebenzi odlule.

Ijubane womuntu

Ikhwalithi ezingokomzimba isivinini obonakaliswe iqoqo ngesivinini amakhono abandakanya:

• ijubane movement olulodwa, okungasekelwe abadliwa i impedance zangaphandle;
• usheshise motor ukusabela;
• imvamisa noma izinga lokukhula ukunyakaza.

Iningi namandla omzimba kunjani agcwele isivinini, izakhi zalo abamelwe afakiwe nezinye izakhiwo ngokomzimba, kuhlanganise izinga ukuhamba. Rapidity ngokuxazulula motor imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, impumelelo okuyinto kunqunywa inani lemali elincane nesikhatsi lesabelwe ukuqaliswa yabo.

Ukukhethwa obonisa imfundo izinga enjalo idinga ukugcinwa izikhundla ezithile methodical (okusezingeni eliphezulu ubunikazi zikagesi zomshini isenzo, isimo kahle emzimbeni, iqinisekisa okusezingeni eliphezulu ukusebenza umsubathi).

Ucabangela izinga ephathekako, ingasaphathwa ijubane impendulo motor. It libhekene ubude ubuncane kokunikeza isignali ezithile kokuqala ukunyakaza. Ngakwelinye zindlela ezingafani eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlukaniswe ku-ukusabela into ezihambayo bese ukhetha. Lesi sakamuva iyimpendulo iyiphi movement in the amasignali. NeMibandela imfundo izinga kukhona emotionality okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi anda umthamo yomuntu, kanye isifiso ukufeza umsebenzi ukuthola okungcono yi kungenzeka.

ikhono lobubhalo umuntu

Dexterity sivezwe njengoba iqoqo ngokomzimba izinga ukubambisana amakhono motor ukwenza izinyathelo ezithile ngesikhathi predetermined amplitude ukunyakaza. Le mpahla zilethe abasubathi ngemfundiso motor yayo izenzo, kanye nokuthola imisebenzi izixazululo motor ezidinga njalo ushintsho isinyathelo isimiso.

With ukuthuthukiswa ukuhamba imfuneko izenzo eseyintsha alandwa imisebenzi kanye nezindlela ukusetshenziswa kwazo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, lesi sici isekelwa ubunkimbinkimbi izenzo ukuhlobanisa izinto, kanye ukudalwa izimo zangaphandle, okuyinto izinkinga umsebenzi.

Kuyini ukubambisana amakhono?

amakhono anjalo zihlobene ikhono ukuphatha ukunyakaza emkhathini futhi zihlanganisa:

• umumo ngekwendzawo;
• ibhalansi ashukumisayo futhi static;
• zibonise ukwethembeka iminyakazo ethile amandla, imingcele yesikhashana futhi ngekwendzawo.

Umumo Spatial - iyona kulondolozwe izethulo izinguquko ezimweni zangaphandle noma isimo. Futhi, lento ifaka phakathi amandla kabusha izenzo ngokomzimba ngokuhambisana nezinguquko ezikhona. Kulokhu, lo msubathi akufanele nje basabela imvelo bangaphandle. Enesibopho bayiyise akhawunti Dynamics ushintsho futhi afeze umhlahlo ngezehlakalo oluzayo, futhi kuphela ngesisekelo salokhu ukwakha uhlelo yayo isinyathelo, okuyinto kuhloswe ukuthi kufezekiswe umphumela oyifunayo.

isikhathi Ukudlala, amandla kanye nemingcele ngekwendzawo ukunyakaza ngokuvamile sibonisa kahle enze motor izinqubo ezithile. ukuthuthukiswa yabo iqhutshwa ngcono izindlela ebucayi.

ibhalansi Static livezwa isikhathi eside nokugcina kwezimo ezihlukahlukene ezithile umsubathi. Ngokuqondene ashukumisayo, it is, kunalokho, libhekene kulondolozwe kokuqondisa yezokuvakasha nezikhundla kushintsha njalo.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo

Ukuvumelana nezimo - ikhono lomuntu ukwenza izenzo ngokomzimba amplitude ezithile. Lokhu izinga has a degree of ukuhamba emalungeni, kanye isimo kwezicubu imisipha.

Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo Kubi athuthukile kakhulu inkimbinkimbi ukudidiyelwa ukunyakaza futhi ngekwendzawo imikhawulo ukunyakaza komzimba zayo.

Izinhlobo eguquguqukayo kanye nentuthuko yayo

Ukuhlukanisa phakathi nezimo ngokuphelele yekwentiwa. Okokuqala uzwakalise amplitude ukunyakaza okuyinto zenzeka ngenxa bebodwa kwemisipha izicubu voltage ukukhonza ilunga ethile. Okwesibili Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo njengoba kunqunywa ubukhulu, kodwa wezenzo kwenziwa ngaphansi kwethonya ngqo kwanoma iyiphi amandla zangaphandle. Nokubaluleka yayo kuhlale zimatasa ngaso. Phela, ngaphansi kwethonya ukukhathala asebenzayo Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kuyehla kakhulu, izimpambosi, kunalokho, iyakhula.

kuvumelana nezimo ukuthuthukiswa kwenziwa kabusha indlela, ie uma zonke izivivinyo ngilulekela lwenziwa chungechunge. Kulokhu uhlobo yekwentiwa achazwayo ngokulinganisa.

Kufinyeta

izinga Physical - lawa izimfanelo umuntu, okuyinto ukuthuthukisa ngokusebenzisa imithwalo olunzulu njalo. Futhi nakakhulu leyo misebenzi bayakwazi kunethonya nomphumela double, okuyilezi:

• ukuthuthukisa ukumelana ukuntuleka komoya-mpilo;
• umthamo amasistimu senhliziyo zokuphefumula.

Ngo inqubo imfundo kwanoma iyiphi izinga ezingokomzimba zabantu ngempela kuthinta nabanye. By the way, ubukhulu kanye nohlobo leli thonya kuxhomeke ezicini ezimbili: ezingeni ukulolonga umzimba futhi ilayisha izici esetshenziswa.

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa kwamakhono evezwa izigaba kokuqala ukuqeqeshwa ngokuvamile kuholela ngcono abanye. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uyama. Ngakho, nge umzimba ukuthi wasebenzisa yathonya bafundzi bakhone kutfutfukisa onkhe izimfanelo, manje sithinta kuphela ezimbalwa. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu umsebenzi akuhambisani iwukuba kanyekanye kuzuzwe esiphezulu ukusebenza ukukhuthazela amandla (isibonelo, egijima webanga futhi ukuphakamisa izinsimbi ezisinda esindayo). Nakuba kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ayanda degree of ukubonakaliswa izinga ngokomzimba kuphela azuzwe ukuthuthukiswa lonke.