Kungani kubalulekile ukufunda izinhlelo zemvelo futhi alondoloze izingxenye PC?

Kungani kubalulekile ukufunda izinhlelo zemvelo (PC)? Impendulo yalo mbuzo ungayithola ibe mifisha: ukuze asindise imvelo. Lesi sihloko sinikeza incazelo eningiliziwe iziphi izinhlobo PC, kungani kubalulekile ukwazi nokulondoloza izimiso zemvelo bonke osayizi.

Uyini uhlelo lwemvelo?

Igama elithi "eziyinkimbinkimbi" izindlela Latin "ukuxhumana ukuxuba". Leligama lisetshenziswa ngu wesayensi ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise zemvelo. Ngokwemvelo noma kwendawo ububanzi - is yimuphi izenzakalo ezihlobene ezenzeka ngokwemvelo. Ingathathwa ukuhlonza landscape PC, umqondo wokuqala ubanzi kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo ubhekwa ehlathini, asemaqeleni nezindawo ihlathi ezwekazini, lonke igobolondo womhlaba.

Five Izingxenye ezisemqoka PC

eziyinkimbinkimbi Yemvelo kukhona noma iyiphi inhlanganisela izakhi endaweni ethile impumuzo, amatshe, inhlabathi, amanzi kanye nesimo sezulu eziphilayo. Njalo PC kufanele libe izingxenye ezinhlanu ezihlobene: sezulu, inhlabathi, amanzi, izitshalo nezilwane. Kungani kubalulekile ukufunda izinhlelo zemvelo, kusukela yobudala pre-school? Ukuze uqonde futhi ukuba aphule izibopho ukuthi tente PC. Cabanga ngezibonelo eziqondile ezibonisa ithonya mutual yezingxenye eyinkimbinkimbi zemvelo.

Climate - ingxenye eyinhloko PC zonal

izici sezulu zincike sendawo. Ikakhulu, i-eminye endaweni isendaweni yenkabazwe, ukushisa kancane solar uthola. Kwakheka PC ehlane arctic noma nezimfunda. insolation Okuningi ngokuntula umswakama kuholela ukuthuthukiswa semi ehlane futhi ehlane.

Climate kuthinta kumiswa ezithile hlobo inhlabathi. Ngokwesibonelo, emathafeni, zikhona nezikhathi efudumele futhi abandayo konyaka. ukushisa Solar ehlobo ifika ngokwanele, futhi umswakama kancane. udaba eziphilayo kancane kancane ubola kumiswa humus - black izidakamizwa, onikeza shades mnyama we inhlabathi evundile kakhulu - chernozem.

Kungani kubalulekile ukufunda izinhlelo zemvelo? Ulwazi izingxenye PC ukuvumela ukuba baqonde indlela isimo sezulu kanye inhlabathi kuthinte Ukwakheka zezitshalo nezilwane. Ngakho, emaqeleni ubuswa utshani, izihlahla kanye nezihlahla ukuze imvula enganele. Kodwa uma inani umswakama liqhubeka lincipha, imisebenzi yabantu uholela ekubhujisweni inhlabathi, izindawo eziphenduka ugwadule iqala.

Izinhlobo izinhlelo zemvelo

PC kuhluke ngosayizi. Ngakho, Echibini elithile elincane, i-indawo evulekile ehlathini noma udonga - a izakhiwo engokwemvelo isikhundla aphansi. Over izindawo ezinkulu amazwekazi at ekutholeni umthelela sezulu zone kwakhiwa izinhlelo eMhlabeni yemvelo - zone yemvelo (PZ). Lezi zihlanganisa emathafeni, amahlathi, emaqeleni kanye ezingwadule. Ngaphezu kwalezi PC zonal eziyisisekelo kukhona zesikhashana, obuhlanganisa izici izinhlelo emibili elandelanayo zemvelo. Ukusatshalaliswa kwe-PP emathafeni uyalalela zonation latitudinal.

Ezintabeni, kukhona PC nge ushintsho ukuphakama (eziphakeme zone). Uma Ukhahlamba ngenhla 5000 m futhi iseduze nenkabazwe, amabhande ikhithi elakhiwa kusuka 5 kuya ku-7 maqembu (manzi amahlathi, Savannah, amahlathi okuxubile, entabeni ezimfundeni, izingwadule Stony, izinguzunga zeqhwa neqhwa).

Uyini eziyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo (indawo)? Ngokomlando uhlobo eyodwa ngaphezulu - PC azonal. Behlukene emazwekazini nasolwandle izakhiwo zemvelo indawo (PTC). A indima yokuhola kumiswa lolu hlobo PC udlala base lithogenic (nesimo sendawo, yokuma komhlaba yokwakheka emadwaleni).

PTC - isehlane esikhaleni kohlelo ezakhiwe izingxenye ezihlobene: yomhlaba uqweqwe, umoya, amanzi, izitshalo nezilwane. Elikhulu izakhiwo zemvelo - amazwekazi, izwe futhi kwendawo eklanywe njengomumo womhlaba, nesimo sendawo, imingcele zemvelo. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke futhi ebaluleke kakhulu-PC - ikhava womhlaba, ohlanganisa lithosphere, umkhathi hydrosphere futhi uHlu Jikelele Lwamakheli; ngomthamo owodwa.

Kungani kubalulekile ukuba sitadishe izinhlelo engokwemvelo onqenqemeni?

Ukuze zonke PC, ngisho isikhundla aphansi, libhekene kwemithetho jikelele, ezifana ubuqotho, ukuhlukumeza eyodwa ingxenye kuholela ekubhujisweni lonke uhlelo. Sibheka eduze, ukubukela ubunjalo izwe lazo lendabuko, kunezibonelo eziningi ukuze sicacise lokhu kanye neminye imithetho. Emvelweni zenzeka ngemijikelezo izinto namandla. Abathintekayo kulezi izinqubo, izingxenye ezingaphili nemvelo, izitshalo, izilwane kanye nabantu.

Lapho ihlela ukuba kube yiluphi uhlobo womsebenzi kubalulekile ukucabangela imiphumela ukuze okungaba umphumela walokho kuphulukisa. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokwakhiwa izindawo kwizakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi, ngaphambi nokwakhiwa kwemigwaqo, ukuvulwa kwezimayini olwenziwa survey kwemvelo. Ochwepheshe uzama ukuthola ukuthi lokhu noma lokhuya uhlobo umsebenzi umthelela emvelweni. Ulwazi izingxenye PC, ubudlelwano babo ukuvumela ngaphandle kokubukela phansi isimo, ukuwulondoloza ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.