Kungakanani isikhala kwaba Yuri Gagarin, nokuthi kukhona ngaso sonke?

Kungakanani isikhala kwaba Yuri Gagarin, ngumuntu wokuqala abavakashele emkhathini ezisemkhathini? Futhi uma waba ngowokuqala ngempela? Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi flying ngempela?

12 ku-Apreli 1961 ngonyaka

Leyo nkathi phakade ihlukaniswe abalazi Earthlings ku "phambi" futhi "ngemva." Kuze kube yilolo suku, abantu ibashiye Earth, akazange akubone emkhathini futhi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu kungaba kungenzeka. Kodwa Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin, le Cosmonaut lokuqala emlandweni, waba okuphambene, eqinisweni.

On the umkhumbi "Vostok-1", yena azungeza Umhlaba ezingamakhulu amabili amakhilomitha ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amane, kokufika ngezindiza ezincane kusuka ukuphakama amakhilomitha ayisikhombisa. Flying, wayengummeleli e elisezingeni webutho lezempi, kodwa wabanjwa ngemuva indiza wathuthukisa Elikhulu ngokushesha. Kungakanani isikhala kwaba Yuri Gagarin, enze izwe i-career kumnandi? Ukundiza eyathatha isikhathi esijana, kodwa wehlela emlandweni ngokwenza Cosmonaut yokuqala eyaziwayo.

Zonke izindiza okwalandela, nabo bebekhona izenzakalo zezwe, kodwa resonance esinjalo ayisekho wathola.

"Vostok-1"

Eyokuqala mkhathi Earthlings nendoda ebhodini okuthiwa "East". Akazange ukudanisa umuntu, kanti-astronaut lokuqala wabuyela Earth ephephile futhi ephilile. Umkhumbi wawusengozini ububanzi cishe emibili amamitha isigamu eside - mayelana amane amamitha isigamu (ngakho abazobhapathizwa Cosmonaut akatholanga amasentimitha angaphezu kwelilodwa namashumi ayisikhombisa), walinganisa amathani 4,37 futhi unekhono ngesandla ukulawula.

Ngaphambi kokuba esifushane njengoba Gagarin wachitha emkhathini, "East" kwadingeka ababengaphambi eziningana. amayunithi Seven ngokuthi "Sputnik" ihlolwe ikumodi kanzima. Ezinye zazo yaphihlizeka, ngenxa lapho kungenzeka ntu emkhathini uselokhu embuzweni.

Kodwa ekugcineni, zonke izithiyo sakhungathekiswa, futhi sesifikile isikhathi ukuvakashela Gagarin emkhathini.

April 12, 1961 at 9:07 "Vostok" wethulwa kusukela cosmodrome "Baikonur".

indiza

Umuntu wokuqala azungeza emhlabeni Umhlaba akakwazi ngokuthi ephelele ngokuphelele. It esanda eyomphakathi ukuthi izehlakalo nanye sabhalwa phakathi kwalo.

Omunye wabo kwenzeka ngesikhathi ukubuya emhlabeni. Ngaphambi kokungena emkhathini bekulokhu kunezinkinga ukuthi Cosmonaut yena ngaleso sikhathi eyayibizwa ngokuthi "isimo esiphambene", ukuze singathwesi esabisa Queen. Empeleni umkhumbi nemiyalezo baphotha imizuzu eyishumi, njengoba gumbi edingekayo hhayi inqanyuliwe. Lokhu kwenzeke emkhathini, futhi Gagarin wabona metal encibilikisiwe ngemuva ewindini ingilazi (izinga lokushisa lapho ifinyelela ezintathu ayizinkulungwane ezinhlanu degrees). Kodwa sibonga isibindi Ngokuzayo Hero yeSoviet Union -ke yathinteka, futhi wafika Emhlabeni.

Njengoba isikhathi esiningi njengoba emkhathini kwaba Yuri Gagarin, zonke osomkhathi akazange nje ukuqhuba esikhathini esizayo. Kepha waba ngowokuqala. Futhi lokho kuyoba, ukuthi baziphathe kanjani kumuntu ngesikhathi akekho owayazi. Nokho, Yuri A. abhekana ngayo umsebenzi, kanye neticu nesikali kwamaplanethi yayo odumo emhlabeni elindelwe.

Kungakanani isikhala kwaba Yuri Gagarin? Okwenzeke kuye ngemva ndiza?

Indlela Gagarin wachitha emkhathini - lokhu waziwa. Ngesikhathi eneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesikhombisa, wenza andize lokuqala isikhala, eyathatha imizuzu emakhulu asibhozo eyodwa kuphela futhi.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba ukuphila kwakhe "ngemva"? Waba yiqhawe kweSoviet Union futhi wathola i the Order of Lenin. Ngivakashele emazweni amaningi lapho ngabomvu, wenziwe ilungu zokuhlonipha imiphakathi ehlukene kanye nemiklomelo. Waqala uphile nabanye abantu kwande, kodwa naphezu udumo ayedunyiswa, ephinde ezama ukubuyela ezindizayo.

Yuriy Alekseevich Gagarin wabulawa emoyeni, fighter aircraft kanye umfundisi wakhe uVladimir Sergeyevich Seregin, lo amabili nesikhombisa-March 1968, eminyakeni emibili ngemva kokufa edume Sergeya Pavlovicha koroleva. Ephaketheni ebhantshini lakhe phakathi kwezinye izinto, kwaba umklami Photo. Gagarin wayeneminyaka engamashumi 34 kuphela ubudala.

Amahlebezi mayelana izindiza "phambi" futhi "ngemva"

Nakuba sase-Soviet Union, bayahlonishwa umuntu wokuqala ukuba anqobe isikhala, abezindaba Western uvele ulwazi ngaphambi Gagarin emkhathini aye kakade abantu, kubonakala afa.

Ngo-1957, 1958 kanye 1959 enziwa imizamo ukuqalisa indoda emkhathini, kodwa yaphela kabuhlungu. Ngo-1960, lapho umzamo wokugcina we capsule nendoda kusolakala ngendiza kwalasha cosmic. Ekuqaleni kuka-1961 satellite Soviet ukusakaza enhliziyweni yomuntu ukuthi ime.

Kwake futhi ukuthi ekwindla ka-1961, liye uzibophezele indiza iqembu elalinombono mphumela odabukisayo. Ekupheleni 1962 hams Italian wabanjwa amasignali, njengoba wathi, kucwila umkhumbi.

Mayelana Gagarin wathi akazange empeleni orbited Earth. Ngaye, wenza izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambili kwenye astronaut, esasifuna ngemva kwendiza kubi kangangokuba banquma ukungayisebenzisi nhlobo i ukukhombisa izwe. Ngakho bamthatha umfana bejabule futhi faked indiza.

aphikisa

Nokho, Cosmonaut Grechko inqatshelwe ngokuphelele amahemuhemu lemihlatshelo yabantu, hhayi cindezela. Ngaphambi Gagarin emkhathini wathumela dummies, ezimbili zazo ezakhiwe ngama amakhasethi yamagama. Tape abalobi ngesikhathi indiza ezifakiwe, futhi hams, ekubambeni, bacabanga, ukukhuluma, ifinyelela eziphethweni zayo. Okuthunyelwe angabikwa ngokusemthethweni ngesikhathi, futhi waqala amahemuhemu.