Karelian Front e ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe ubhekwa le zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho ngoba abantu baseSoviet. Wathatha ku ukulinganisela, abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-40. Izimpilo. Ingxabano kwaba senziwa ayehlasela ngokuzumayo amabutho Wehrmacht iSoviet Union ngamandla amakhulu Juni 22, 1941.

Okudingekayo ukuze ukusungulwa the Karelian Front

U-Adolf Hitler ngaphandle kwesixwayiso wanikeza umyalo ukubeka buhlungu omkhulu sonke phambi umugqa. USSR ukubhekana ukuzivikela, wahlupheka eyodwa ukunqotshwa ngemva kwenye eminyakeni yokuqala yempi. 1941st owawuqondene iRed Army ngonyaka nzima kakhulu, futhi Wehrmacht akwazi ukuxoxa kuze kufike eMoscow.

izimpi ezinkulu zalwelwa at kwaseStalingrad, iMoscow, iLeningrad kanye nezinye izindawo. Nokho, amaNazi azama ukunqoba nokuphanga ezisenyakatho ngaphezulu. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, Northern Front yadalwa, olawula Karelian Front.

Umlando sokudalwa

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe le Karelian Front lwenzelwe wokunqanda isitha ukuhlaba zingene Arctic. Ukulwa amandla yasungulwa Agasti 23, 1941. Kusekelwe muntu amayunithi lempi engena phambi enyakatho. The backbone bebutho ifinyelele 7 th futhi 14 th Army. Ngesikhathi uxhumano kwamaqembu amabili wabalwela impela isikhathi eside front line, kusukela oLwandle uBarents iChibi Ladoga. Kamuva abizwa ngokuthi "Road of Life". indlunkulu Front wawusegunjini Belomorsk ukuthi zazigcinwa Karelian-Finnish Soviet Republic.

Karelian Front phakathi neMpi Yezwe II enikeziwe yokweseka Northern Fleet. Umsebenzi oyinhloko, okuyinto kwadingeka ukuba babhekane fighters - kucinisekisa flank esenyakatho ukuzivikela amasu ka-USSR eNorth.

7th Army ngesula Karelian Front ngo-1941. Ngo-September 1942 wavalelwa bajoyine ezintathu ngaphezulu impi, futhi ekupheleni konyaka ofanayo - futhi ingxenye 7th Air Force. ibutho 7th ibuyile ngaphambili kuphela ngo-1944.

phambi izinduna

Umlawuli lokuqala Second neMpi Yezwe le Karelian Front kwaba uMajor General iRed Army V A. Frolov, owayala amabutho aseSoviet kule isiqondiso kuze February 1944. Kusukela Februwari kuya ku-November 1944 Front eholwa Marshal zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa K. A. Meretskov.

ubutha

Ngo-August 1941, ngemva kwenyanga nesigamu ngemva kokuba luqalile ubutha, isitha ifinyelele Karelian Front. Nge ukulahlekelwa esindayo lamasosha iRed Army sakwazi ukumisa ngaphambi kokuba kufike uSuku Wehrmacht, futhi zayiswa ukuzivikela. Isitha wafuna ukuthatha esifundeni Polar, futhi amabutho Karelian Front waya umsebenzi wokuvikela esifundeni kusuka "North" Army Group.

Ukusebenza ukuzivikela Arctic wawuqala ngo-1941 kuya 1944 - ekunqobeni ngokuphelele izingxenye Wehrmacht eSoviet Union. Ngo-1941, e-Arctic Defense khona naseSifundweni Se-Air Force of Great Britain, abaye basekela kubalulekile amabutho phansi futhi ngoxhaxha Red Army. Siza UK wawufaneleka, ngoba amaJalimane elanqoba ngayo emoyeni.

Amabutho we Karelian Front wagcina ukuzivikela ku migqa elandelayo: emfuleni Zapadnaya Litsa - Ukhta - Povenets - Lake Onega - emfuleni Svir. Julayi 4th isitha zifike emfuleni Zapadnaya Litsa, okuyiwona waqala izimpi abanolaka. izenzo Bloody ukuzivikela kwaholela angenze ukuqala amabutho we 52nd Infantry amaPhiko Karelian Front. Useke basekela ezinkulu asemanzini.

Amabutho we Karelian Front nengxenye Murmansk ukusebenza ukuzivikela. Bakwazi ukumisa kusengaphambili kulesi siqondiso. Ngemva kwalokho, umyalo German nganquma ukuthi ngeke usakwazi azame emzini Murmansk ngo-1941.

Entwasahlobo ka ngonyaka ozayo, amaNazi wafuna ukuwahoxisa ngaphambilini unachieved phesheya - Murmansk. I iRed Army, esikhundleni salokho, kuhlelwe ukuqhuba operation ihlasele uphonsa amaviyo Wehrmacht umugqa komngcele wase-USSR. Murmansk okuhlaselayo kwenziwa ekuqaleni kuka amaJalimane babehlele ukuqala ukuhlasela kwakhe. impumelelo Okuningi kwakusijabulisa, kodwa akazange avumele amaFascist phaka okuhlaselayo lalo. Njengoba operation Murmansk kule ingxenye phambi uhlaliseke kuze kube unyaka 1944.

ukusebenza Medvezhegorsk

Januwari 3 Karelian phambi amabutho umkhankaso kwenye operation - Medvezhegorsk, eyathatha kuze 10 Januwari okufanayo ngo-1942. Ibutho laseSoviet endaweni kakhulu eliphansi kuya isitha izinombolo kanye imishini, kanye abaqeqeshwayo kule impi. Isitha zazinolwazi kakhulu ekuziphatheni impi endaweni ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe.

Ekuseni ngo-January 3, iRed Army lahlasela nge encane wezikhali ithala. Ingxenye Army Finnish baphendula ngokushesha ekuhlaseleni futhi waqala abukhali futhi ezingalindelekile for the Soviet amabutho balwe. Karelian Front Umyalo wehlulekile kahle ukulungiselela uhlelo kuhlasela. Amasosha isinyathelo iphethini, ukubabulala sinye siyafanana isiqondiso, ngenxa lokho isitha wakwazi ngempumelelo ukuwanqoba. A ekuvikeleni ibutho Finnish kuye kwaholela ukulahlekelwa omkhulu iRed Army.

izimpi esacekela akudingeki baba nempumelelo enkulu, kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba 10 Januwari. ibutho laseSoviet wakwazi udlulele 5 km nokuningi ukuthuthukisa isikhundla sabo. Ngo-January 10 isitha wathola azowalekelela futhi wayeka kuhlasela. amabutho Finnish sinqume ukubuyela izikhundla zawo zangaphambili, kodwa amabutho Karelian phambi bakwazi ukuxosha yokuhlasela kwawo. Phakathi kokuhlinzwa, amabutho aseSoviet wakwazi khulula edolobhaneni Velikaya Guba.

Svir-operation Petrozavodskaya

Summer 1944 ngilwe kwaqina emva ukusikhohlisa kusukela ngo-1943. amabutho aseSoviet, okuyinto cishe indawo amabutho Wehrmacht kusukela endaweni ye-USSR, ukusebenza Svir-Petrozavodsk kwenziwa. It waqala ngo-June 21, 1944, wadonsa kwaze kwaba 9 Agasti ngawo lowo nyaka. Juni 21 kuhlasela Kwalandela kusuka wezikhali ukulungiselela omkhulu kanye enamandla air strike isitha izikhundla ukuzivikela. Ngemva ekuqaleni sokunqoba River Svir, futhi ngokuhamba elwa ibutho laseSoviet wakwazi sibamba bridgehead ngakolunye uhlangothi. Ngosuku lokuqala yahlasela kwaba yimpumelelo - the Karelian Front amabutho isihambile ngu 6 amakhilomitha. Usuku lokulwa yesibili yayinokufanayo impumelelo enkulu nakakhulu - Amayunithi iRed Army ephethwe ibenze isitha omunye amakhilomitha 12.

Juni 23 okuhlaselayo uthethe Army 7th. yahlasela athuthukiswe ngempumelelo, futhi ibutho Finnish waqala ukuhoxa onamawala ngosuku olulandelayo, kusukela kuqale ukusebenza. Uhlangothi Finnish ayengeke azigcine kuhlasela noma yiziphi izimpi futhi baphoqwa ukuba ukuhoxisa ukuba Vidlitsa komfula, lapho wasiphakamisa izikhundla ukuzivikela.

Ngo parallel, ukuthuthukisa okuhlaselayo 32nd Army, okuyinto uye wakwazi umuzi Medvezhegorsk, okuyinto kwahluleka ukufeza ngo-1942. Ngo-June 28, Red Army lasungula okuhlaselayo ku nobaluleke kakhulu amasu - Petrozavodsk. Kanye amabutho asolwandle iRed Army wakwazi khulula edolobheni ngosuku olulandelayo. Zombili izinhlangothi kule mpi baye balahlekelwa kakhulu. Nokho, i-Army Finnish azange abe amabutho fresh, futhi baphoqeleka ukuba bawushiye lowo muzi.

Julayi 2 Karelian Front laqala ukuhlasela izikhundla ayizitha Vidlitsa emfuleni. Ngisho nangaphambi kokuba July 6, wayivikela ngamandla amaNazi lwaphuka ngokuphelele, Nebutho Soviet ephethwe ukuze ngithuthuke ngokwengeziwe 35 km. yabambana ngezihluthu raged kuze 9 Agasti, kodwa abazange iyophumelela - isitha igcinwe ukuzivikela Friend, futhi wayala ukuba ukugembula azivikele izikhundla kakade lithunjwa.

umphumela wokusebenza kwaba ukunqotshwa amayunithi isitha eyayibamba Lithuanian SSR, kanye wenkululeko yezwe. Lezi zenzakalo ziye zaholela yokuthi Finland lithole esinye isizathu sokuba okwesula empini.

Petsamo-eKirkenes wokuhlasela

Kusukela 7 Okthoba kuya 1 November 1944, iRed Army, ngokusekelwa ngoxhaxha labetibambile ekupheleni a yimpumelelo ukuhlinzwa Petsamo-lé eKirkenes. Okthoba 7 wezikhali ukulungiselela enamandla, ngemva kwalokho lo offensive waqala lwenziwe. Ngokuhamba ukuhlaselwa yimpumelelo futhi ephule izivikelo isitha sika Pestamo umuzi uzungezwe ngokuphelele.

Pestamo Ngemuva ithathwe ngempumelelo athathwa imizi Nikel futhi Tarnet, futhi ngesikhathi sokugcina - edolobheni Norwegian eKirkenes. Nge bamba kwakhe amabutho aseSoviet balahlekelwa esindayo. Empini edolobheni ukwesekwa elisemqoka kuya amabutho aseSoviet kwadingeka alwa Norwegian.

Imiphumela imisebenzi

Ngenxa yalokho okungenhla igama ukusebenza ibuyiselwe komngcele Norway futhi Finland. Isitha iye lwaludlula ngokuphelele, futhi ayesevele silwa yizwe lesitha leli. Novemba 15, 1944 Finland limenyezelwe umaluju yayo waphuma seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ukulandela lezi zenzakalo, le Karelian Front yahlakazeka. Amabutho main kuye ngemva baba ingxenye 1st Far Eastern Front, kabani emahlombe ukuthi kufanele ibuye ekhaya azokuqhubela okuhlaselayo Manchurian ngo-1945 ukunqoba impi Japanese nasesifundazweni Chinese of the gama elifanayo.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

Ngokuthakazelisayo, kuphela indawo ye Karelian Front (1941 -. 1945) ibutho undlovukayiphikiswa eyasehlula emngceleni KwabaseSoviet Kwakugxile Khona - amaNazi akusebenzanga ukuphula ekumeleleni Murmansk. Futhi kule mboni esetshenziswa inja amaqembu, futhi bona bomlilo balwa nokhahlo sezulu enyakatho. Phakathi Omkhulu Patriotic Karelian Front kwakuwumsebenzi wokuhumusha omkhulu kunayo ububanzi, ngoba uyokwenezelelwa ubude bayo Imininingwane ifinyelela amakhilomitha 1600. Wayevamile futhi ukuba abe umugqa okuqinile.

Karelian Front wayewukuphela kwesisebenzi we izimpi ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, okuyinto akabamukisanga emva izwe ukukhanda eziphathelene nezempi nezikhali. Lokhu ukulungisa yafakwa ingxenye ekhethekile amabhizinisi of Karelia kanye Murmansk esifundeni.