Izizathu namadlelo icala lobugebengu. Ihlola elisekela for umshushisi

Izizathu futhi ngezizathu uphenyo lobugebengu kunqunywa umthetho. Isigaba Isiqalo uphenyo kuboshelwe isikhathi kokuthola imibiko yobugebengu ukuthola noma iziphathimandla abanekhono izici zayo oqotsheni isihloko. Kungaba kokubili izitatimende etemlomo nalabhalwako of izakhamuzi nezikhulu. Nokho, ngaphambi kokuba siyihlole ukuqhubeka uphenyo, bonke baye imiyalezo etholiwe kumele kwehlwaywe. Kuyadingeka ukusungula siyiqiniso Ulwazi, ukufakaza amanga isixwayiso. Cabangela eminye ngezizathu ngokuningiliziwe futhi inqubo kushushiswa.

amagama

Ezincwadini zomthetho, izizathu kanye isisekelo bemangalelwa ngamacala obugebengu kuchazwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Iningi ochwepheshe uyaqonda imithombo yabo ulwazi mayelana ubugebengu. Ezinye okwengeziwe protsessualistov ngokuthi ngezizathu lobugebengu uma amaqiniso noma preconditions langempela futhi zomthetho ukuqala ukukhiqizwa. Kunenye umbono. Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye ochwepheshe bakholelwa kumila lobugebengu uma kokuthola amaqiniso (cwaningo, ukwamukelwa, irisidi) efanele iziphathimandla yophenyo, ulwazi abaphenyi, abashushisi ngobugebengu.

labantu ukwelashwa

Noma yimuphi umuntu unelungelo ukuthumela umlayezo emnyangweni amaphoyisa ngobugebengu (njengoba okwakusondela ephelele). Ngokwesibonelo, inhlangano ungahambisa isitatimende ukukhwabanisa amaphoyisa. Isampula ukwelashwa okunjalo akukhona ngokomthetho. Nokho-ke kumele kubandakanye ulwazi oludingekayo. Ikakhulu, yigama isakhiwo, lapho umlayezo uthunyelwa, futhi idatha wesicelo. Ukwelashwa kufanele lisayinwe umuntu izingoma zakhe.

protocol

Kungenze umyalezo hhayi wathola ngokubhala. Ngokwesibonelo, isihloko ikunika isitatimende temlomo kulesisebenti ukukhwabanisa amaphoyisa. Inqubo isampula ugcwele ngokuhambisana Art. 110 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo inezingxenye ezethula, achazayo futhi esingujuqu. Esigabeni sokuqala, kumele ucacise:

1. Isikhathi nendawo kokuthola imiyalezo.
2. Igama eliphelele, isikhundla abasebenzi, ukwelashwa. Kulokhu, umsebenzi ATS libhekisela Art. 110 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure.
3. idatha letibalulekile isicelo. Ikakhulukazi, icacisa igama layo, Isibongo, usuku kanye nendawo lokuzalwa, imfundo, umsebenzi, ukuboshwa, idatha yoxhumana nabo ngokuxhumana.

Officer ubophekile ukuba achazele isicelo ngesandla umthwalo ukwaziswa okungamanga. Ilungiselelwe Art. 306. I achazayo inezimemezelo okushiwo isigijimi. Phezu kokuthola ulwazi mayelana Iphoyisa ubugebengu siphoqelekile ukuthola lonke ulwazi ukuthi kuyoba kubalulekile okwalandela isicelo traffic. Lokhu ucabangela izimo zokuhlola ezasungulwa Art. 68 CCP. A ulwazi oluningiliziwe ukuchayeka, okuyizinto ezibalulekile ukuze uthole okunye ekuqhutshweni kusiza kakhulu hhayi kuphela uphenyo olwenziwa ngemva kwalokho, kodwa futhi kuvimbela khumbula wesicelo. Esikhathini sokugcina ingxenye kufanele idatha aqoshiwe kwi ukujwayelaniswa ne protocol kwaleso sifundvo ngetindlela umuntu noma ngabameleli, ukunemba amarekhodi, kanye ukungabi noma khona amazwana okuqukethwe. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kumele lisayinwe Ihhovisi ukuthi wakwenza, futhi umuntu kusukela abamazwi zalotshwa ulwazi.

Ukuzibandakanya komphakathi

Isisekelo icala lobugebengu umlayezo ukuhweba-union, ummeleli abezempi abantu sika wobuphoyisa kanye nezinye izinhlangano ezingekho ngaphansi kukahulumeni. Kulokhu, siqaphele elilodwa lamafomu ka umphakathi ekulweni nobugebengu. Kuyadingeka ukuqonda umehluko phakathi lokhu base icala lobugebengu phezu okuthunyelwe amaqembu okungahleliwe zezikhonzi. Kulo mBhalo, i-ATS izikhulu sisebenzelana okuthiwa izikhalazo ngokuhlanganyela. Abanye ochwepheshe ngokuhlaziya lento. 2 h. 1 tbsp. 108 we-CPC, wathi iphuzu elilodwa ngabazeka, equkethe isihloko. Izizathu ukuqalisa icala lobugebengu kuyoba nomthetho uma etholakele izinhlangano bhalisiwe e uMnyango Wezobulungisa. Kule ndaba, ochwepheshe bathi, lesi sigatshana kufanele zifakwe izinga.

Ukwelashwa nokuvikelwa izinhlangano, izikhungo, izikhulu

Ikhonza njengabameleli base excitation icala lobugebengu ngombandela wokuthi okufakiwe ngokubhala. Umbiko kufanele ulethe imininingwane edingekayo futhi ulwazi oluphelele kakhulu ngobugebengu. nemithetho kahulumeni kanye izenzo yomnyango sisungula isibopho nezinhloko izinhlangano kanye namabhizinisi ukubika amaqiniso izenzo ezingekho emthethweni. Ngokwesibonelo, zezempilo kumele ngokushesha uthumele isicelo habeas kubo abantu ukulimala ebukhoneni nokucabanga ukuthi zazitholakala ngenkani.

Publications emaphephandabeni

Futhi ukwenza njenge kumila icala lobugebengu. Ukushicilelwa ngokuthi ukuthunyelwa e amaphephandaba zesifunda, kazwelonke noma zendawo, oluqanjwe ukuphrinta nabanye, ulinganiswa kuye ngezindlela, amanothi, izincwadi kanye nezinye izinto equkethe ulwazi mayelana nobugebengu. Abalobi kushicilelwe kungaba yibaphi abantu emzimbeni, kuhlanganise kokuba kwahulumeni. Isisekelo icala lobugebengu nalo wabeka impahla eqoqwe ngokuhamba journalism okuphenya. Kusukela incazelo yalezo amalungiselelo, kusobala ukuthi kuhlolwe ukuba kuphela manothi, okuyinto ezinyatheliswa komagazini kubhaliswe.

esibalulekile

Uma avule icala lobugebengu kuqala ku-athikili noma isihloko, afakwe nomagazini ukubhala, kufanele inake eziningi umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Ukuze wenze amandla okuthunyelwe nenqubo, lo mseshi, ogama myalo ukuhlonza izimo ubugebengu, okuyinto watshelwa ukuba zinyatheliswe kufanele uqhubeke kanje. Esinquma ukuthi ithakazelisa kakhulu, futhi igama edition inombolo, ulwazi mayelana umshicileli. Konke lokhu Kunamathiselwe ku ephepheni futhi wasayinwa isikhulu esigunyaziwe.

Zokuzithandela akunika ukuzihlupha

Isihloko owenze okubi, kungase wazise umuntu ogunyazwe abasebenzi ATS. Okungukuthi, uthi ngezenzo zakhe. Leli qiniso ehlukanisa isigijimi esivela Amabhizinisi, okuyinto wabhekisela izenzo eziphambene nomthetho saletinye. sokunikela ngokuzithandela luzakwenziwa ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko Art. 111 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. Isikhulu agunyaziwe ethola umyalezo ovela isihloko ikhomishana ieala, ubophekile ukuba bambone ku imibhalo owethulwe kubona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvela zonke izimo, lapho isihloko watimisela kuya esiteshini samaphoyisa. Esemthethweni ngeke embule wonke amaqiniso kuyalungiswa noma icala izimisele kakade nge imininingwane esiphezulu. Uma kudingeka, umfakisicelo Ungase utshelwa ukudweba amapulani noma izikimu. Phezu kokuthola imiyalezo enjalo kuzo zonke izimo kubalulekile ukuthola nezisusa. Kumele ukuthi ngale ndaba bangaxwayi mayelana umthwalo ubufakazi bamanga (Art. 306 we Criminal Code. Kunemininingwane ephelele yezizathu icala lobugebengu eqoshiwe. Imvume yakhe Kwenziwa imithetho efanayo njengoba kubekiwe ukuqopha izicelo ngomlomo.

Ithola izimpawu izenzo yizikhulu

Umphenyi, umphenyi noma umshushisi ingakwazi ukubona idatha ekhombisa ubugebengu ngokuhamba amandla abo, kungakhathaliseki imiyalezo lothile. Ukutholakala amaqiniso izenzo ezingekho emthethweni kungenzeka ekuphathweni liqondise futhi ekhethekile ngesikhathi uphenyo, ekuqhubeni search imisebenzi. Lapha-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngaphansi izibonakaliso ubugebengu ayibhekiseli kubo umthetho lobugebengu izici, futhi iminonjana Okuyınqo, izinto, idatha ekhombisa ikhomishana isenzo.

ngokucacile

Umi ngezizathu umthetho kubhekwe uhlu avaliwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi akukho kweminye imithombo idatha ezingaba yizizathu kuvulwa uphenyo. Ngakho, ukwelashwa engaziwa, imilayezo ayibonisi UMBHALI okuyinto zenziwa egameni izinhlangano ngamanga noma abantu ezikhona ngempela, kodwa ungazilobi, awunawo amandla zenqubo. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, uma ukuqinisekiswa ubuqiniso balo kuqinisekisiwe, bese uphawula ngesisekelo kokuqala zokukhiqiza kuyoba ukuthola ngqo lokungaziphathi kahle amaqiniso. Kusekelwe semthethweni umsebenzi womphakathi we amaphoyisa aqapha.

idatha nokwaneliswa

Nokho, akekho noyedwa izizathu esingaphezulu ngokuzenzakalela kuhilelani Ukuqalwa kokwenzekayo. Lokhu kwenzelwa ukuthi into kwaphumela kumele aqukethe ledatha elanele eyabonisa icala. Lesi sikhundla is kuvikelwe Art. 108 Ikhodi Criminal Procedure. ledatha elanele iqoqo iminonjana ezikhonjwe yokusesha zenqubo noma nokusebenza kusho ekhombisa yezingxenye ngazinye ukoniwa. Ngokuvamile, baveza into futhi injongo ingxenye, okungenani - kuya subjective.

Imininingwane ukungaqiniseki

Uma umsebenzi uthola umlayezo, kungenzeka uthathe isinqumo zenqubo mayelana kokuqaliswa, noma ukuhluleka kulokhu, kufanele sizuze izinhlinzeko zoMthetho Art. 109 we CCP. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo evamile ke iyenziwa isisekelo icala lobugebengu. Inhloso yayo ukhonza ukuhlonza amaqiniso kweqiniso, ekhomba izimpawu ubugebengu. Zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo kumele igcwaliswe, ngaleyo ndlela, ngokushesha ngemva kokutholakala kolwazi olufanele (trace). Ukuqinisekiswa kwe akufanele kuhlale isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezintathu emva umlayezo ufika. Emacaleni angakajayeleki isikhathi kungase kukhule izinsuku ezingu-10.

ezisetshenzisiwe

Hlola imilayezo khona isisekelo ukuqalisa uphenyo Kwenziwa:

1. Ukucela izincwadi ezidingekayo ngesimo kwemibhalo kanye netintfo.
2. Ithola izincazelo.
3. Ukuhlola indawo lapho ubugebengu asolwa.
4. Ukukhiqizwa ezikhona, ukuhlolwa kwamabhuku, nezinye amasheke documentary.
5. Buciko izenzo nokusebenza-search.
6. Embodiments lokulawula izilinganiso, izindlela ezingezona zokuthenga, njalonjalo.

imikhawulo

Isicelo imithetho akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukwenza noma yisiphi isenzo ubunjalo okuphenya emizameni yokuthuthukisa kunjalo (okungukuthi, phakathi kohlaka ukuhlolwa). umyalo onjalo ikuvumela ukuba ugcine umehluko phakathi izinyathelo zenqubo. Njengoba i okuhlukile imfuneko kuphela esizisebenzisayo nokuhlola yesehlakalo lapho ubugebengu Kusolakala obenziwe nokulungiselelwa kwenziwa ngaye. Izincwadi zomthetho kusikisela ukuthi izinyathelo ezithile okuphenya angabhekwa kusebenza kuze ihlangano yokulalelwa kwemilandu, uma zenziwa ngokuqondile ukuqinisekisa ulwazi wathola. Ngokwesibonelo, izisebenzi kuthambekele phezu kungenzeka esisebenzayo afeze ukuboshwa komsolwa ngaphambi kokuqala uphenyo. Libuye kuvunyelwe ukucabangela isethulo ukuhlonza, forensics, kanye neminye imisebenzi eminingi. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, lezi ezizathwini eziphambene imithetho sisebenza eRussia. Ngaphezu kwalokho, angahlangabezani izisekelo zokuziphatha nokuphila kanye nomsebenzi somphakathi wentando yeningi isimo ezisebenza nedivaysi zomthetho. Ukuvumela ukukhiqizwa izinyathelo ezithile okuphenya ngaphambi kokuqala uphenyo kuyosho kungenzeka kwesicelo wezinyathelo zenqubo yokuphoqelela abantu esenzweni esithile, izivimbelo amalungelo nezithakazelo izikhonzi copyright, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi akwaziwa ukuthi ubugebengu obenziwe. Endabeni lezi ezizathwini kungenzeka engenabulungisa abasebenzi ukunikwa amandla ATS sebenzisa izindlela zokucindezela.

Ukwamukelwa isinqumo zenqubo

Ihlola umyalezo engenayo kufanele kubonise noma ukuba khona noma ukungabi khona isisekelo izinyathelo zomthetho. Kuzo zombili lezi zimo wenze isinqumo esifanele. Esimweni sokuqala-ke isisekelo edonsa ezifana nokuthatha isifundo njengamaphuzu umsolwa kanye Kungenzeka ukuthi ukuphathwa izinyathelo zokulungisa (ukubopha njll). Isinqumo ngeke ukuqalisa uphenyo kufanele ashukunyiselwe. Kufanele ukuthi umthetho inikeza ukuthi kungenzeka izifundo ukukhalaza imibhalo wathi.

isiphetho

Ngakho, ngesisekelo thizeni ingaba ngokushayela ku UK icala, okuyinto ngokucacile ngokunqaba Criminal Procedure Code. Ayikho eminye imilayezo ayikwazi kulinganiswa nokukhonza kwabo. Abasebenzi ukuthatha izitatimende edingekayo ukudweba kubo bese ubhalisa. Endabeni ka ukwelashwa temlomo isihloko Sihlelwe ngomumo. Kulokhu, womyalezo ngamunye kufanele ihlolwe. Njengomthetho, it is kwenziwe kuzo zonke izimo, ngaphandle nxa uzingela ubufakazi ubugebengu ngqo ngabasebenzi ATS noma ehhovisi lomshushisi. Hlola isikhathi esilinganiselwe. Kule ndaba, abasebenzi, uyifeze, kufanele ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa ngokucophelela uhlole konke ukwaziswa okukhona kubo. Umthetho awuvumeli ukuqaliswa izenzo okuphenya, ngaphezu ukuhlolwa yesehlakalo Kuthiwa le ngozi. Lapho efeza imisebenzi yabo komthetho izikhulu kumele balandele umthetho njengoba zomthethosisekelo kanye zenqubo.