Izinhlobo eziyinhloko pedagogy kukhona ... Umqondo pedagogy

Kulesi sihloko, sizofunda phendla you welithi "pedagogy" futhi ngalokho ayekwenza. Ngisho noma ungeyena uthisha, ube umzali esikhathini esizayo, futhi kuyoba usizo ukwazi ukuthi imikhakha eyinhloko pedagogy yizona zinto ezimbili ezibalulekile kwi ukusebenza kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, omunye akumelwe nje bagcine ngokufuna ukuthi liyini isigaba, kodwa futhi ukuqonda lokho abayikho nalokho ungaboniswa. Kodwa ukubuyekeza enjalo, futhi sizilungisile kule nto.

Kuyini pedagogy?

Ngaphambi ukufunda umehluko eziyisisekelo nemikhakha Higher School of Pedagogy, futhi namuhla sinesithakazelo kwesikwenzayo lokhu legatsha, sizokwenza ukuqonda ukuthi kuyinto "pedagogy". Lokhu isayensi, njengoba isakhiwo esihlukile, kwake kwaba nesikhathi kuqhathaniswa eside. Siyaqonda ukuthi kuyilapho muntu uyaphila futhi ekhula, it is sidluliselwe isipiliyoni zonke ezungeze abathandekayo. Nge isizukulwane lesi senzakalo olusha futhi yandiswa impumelelo omusha ngamunye. Ekugcineni, wonke ulwazi mayelana nendlela ukuqeqesha kahle futhi ufundisa umuntu futhi umuntu ukhonjwe njengomgwaqo osetshenziselwa isayensi ehlukile okuyinto siyazi ngaphansi kwegama 'pedagogy'. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ifingqa eziningi ngesayensi yemvelo kanye uhlamvu kwezenhlalo kanye iyiqoqo konke etadisha inqubo ungubani kumiswa.

Umlando nesenzakalo

Igama elithi "pedagogy" livela egameni lesiGreki "ingane" - Paidos futhi amagama "ukuziphatha» - edlule. Igama ngokwalo kusikisela kithi ukuthi isayensi etadisha indlela kumiswa nobuntu, kusukela ebuntwaneni. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, othisha zihileleke kulokho thina manje ushayele pedagogy. Phakathi nalawo mahora ngakho lo msebenzi ungenziwa kuphela ukubhekana nabantu abanedumela elihle, base ikakhulukazi izindela nabapristi, kwamanye amazwe, izikhulu zikahulumeni wathi. ERussia, umuntu onjalo ngokuthi "master", futhi akukho izikhungo ngabanye lapho ochwepheshe iphrofayela enjalo abaqeqeshiwe wayengekho.

Kamuva, lapho isayensi ahlukene, kanye nabaholi bayo kwabelwe ngenjongo waqala ukupheka, baqala eduze ukuqaqa isiyalo ngaphandle. Ukhombe imikhakha eyinhloko pedagogy imfundo ephakeme. Lezi zigaba sicabanga yonke imininingwane for umfundi ukuba aqonde indlela bayehluka nokuthi zihlangana kanjani.

imikhakha Ezisemqoka kanye imiqondo of pedagogy

Ngakho, phakathi kwabo kukhona emithathu ebaluleke kakhulu:

1. Imfundo.
2. Imfundo.
3. Imfundo.

Wonke umuntu uyaqonda abantu ukufunda lezi imiqondo ezintathu, waqaphela ngesikhathi esisodwa ukuthi zihlobene kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma imfundo bebonke, it is kahle wacabanga futhi inqubo kuhlelwe ukuthi bangobani ekwakhekeni, wasinikeza balolonge. Lenza nge ezahlukahlukene kwemvelo futhi ingase ibe khona ehlukile.

Ngokuphathelene nemfundo, kanye isikhathi kuba yingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo wobuntu imfundo. Siyazi ukuthi lo mqulu, kodwa esifushane uma umuntu ukuncela ulwazi oludingekile, bathole amakhono futhi kukhulise amakhono, nokuthuthukisa amakhono abo akhethekile. Nansi indlela umuntu ithola imfundo? Yiqiniso ukuqeqeshwa. Futhi lapha sibona esinye isixhumanisi. Ezemfundo zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu umsebenzi Ngohlelo uthisha kanye umfundi lapho kuqala udlulisela ulwazi ezinye, kanye nezinye ubamba kubo. Asikhulume kabanzi mayelana kusinye.

ukuqeqeshwa

Siye okuthiwa imikhakha eyinhloko pedagogy, ubudlelwano babo nokuthi umuntu livela kwezinye, futhi liyingxenye yesithathu. Ukukhuluma eceleni ngemfundo, nakhona kuwumsebenzi ezimbili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "umfundisi" kufanele:

• ukudlulisela nakho okuye zanqwabelana yisintu;
• faka isigceme nomhlaba ophucukile;
• Bamkhuthaza ukuba ilukuluku, self-imfundo;
• ukusiza ukuxazulula izinkinga ezinzima zokuphila, ukuthola izixazululo zezinkinga nzima.

Kodwa "umnakekeli" hhayi kuphela izenzo kule nqubo. Besabela kuleso simemo, kudingeka asebenze futhi mentee. yena:

• kancane kancane imunce konke elikufundisayo, kwenza eziphethweni isipiliyoni zezizukulwane ezedlule, izwe lonke kunesidingo amakhono kwamasiko eziyisisekelo;
• Washeshe wahileleka self-ukuthuthukiswa;
• ukufunda ukuxhumana nabantu futhi baziphathe ezimweni ezahlukene futhi ezindaweni ezahlukene.

Futhi kuphela uma abambisana ngokugcwele kungenzeka Chile oqondile.

Uma ucabangela imfundo eziningana spectra:

• ububanzi - umthelela ku umfundi has isimo futhi esikoleni;
• emincane - umsebenzi wenziwa ngesisekelo lesikhungo ngokuhlanganyela (enkulisa, esikoleni, umbuthano, njll);
• emincane kakhulu - ixhumana umfundi kanye uthisha ngqo.

Kunezindlela eziningana ezahlukene izinhlobo ukuqeqeshwa kuye ngokuthi inqubo ngokukhethekile ngama-ukuthuthukiswa lokho amagugu namakhono bagxile. Ngakho, ukwaba engqondo, ukusebenza, ezingokwenyama, ezokuziphatha imfundo tebuciko, kanye nabanye.

kumiswa

Njengoba imikhakha eyinhloko pedagogy nobudlelwano obuphakathi kwabo, siyaqonda ukuthi imfundo ayikwazi sodvwa kusukela imfundo noma ukuqeqeshwa. Akunakwenzeka lokho. Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba siqondwa njengoba:

• umbandela uhlelo;
• zemfundo inqubo yi;
• setha tetemfundvo nekucecesha kanye kwalokho self-imfundo;
• ukuhlola womuntu wokwazi ukuthi uyamdinga empilweni yakhe.

Ngenxa yale njongo, eziningi izikhungo ezehlukeneyo emhlabeni. Bahlukene ngobudala, nenqubo yezwe, futhi nakhu kungafaka:

• enkulisa;
• esikoleni (yokuzivocavoca, lyceum, boarding);
• College;
• College;
• Institute;
• University;
• Academy;
• art indlu (konke okuhlobene ne-uzijabulisa).

Zonke lezi zikhungo aphumelele komunye nomunye phakathi komuntu ngamunye kanye abamba baton. Okubalulekile kule nqubo ukuthi bonke lasetshenziswa umphumela owodwa - kumiswa ukuthuthukiswa egcwele sibalo, nomele uyakufanelekela yesizukulwane sakhe.

ukuqeqeshwa

Echaza imikhakha eyinhloko Higher School of Pedagogy nezici zabo, asinakulishalazela ukuqeqeshwa, ngoba ngale ndlela umuntu uthola imfundo. Njengoba ukuqeqeshwa - iyona ukuxhumana phakathi kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili, bese sizocabangela zombili. Ngakho, ngakolunye uhlangothi imele nathishela, lokunguye kumele:

• ukudlulisa ulwazi umfundi;
• ukwabelana nabo nakho;
• ukuthuthukisa ukuzimela ncono;
• ulungise inqubo kokuzuza ulwazi;
• ukwenza konke kuyadingeka ukudala isimo yokufunda.

Ngakolunye uhlangothi - Umfundi, ngaphandle isinyathelo okuhambisanayo okuyinto Ngeke usathola yi ezinhle. Ngakho-ke ukugqamisa ukuthi umfundi kufanele:

• funda konke iletha uthisha;
• ulandele imiyalelo yakhe kanye nezincomo ngokucophelela;
• ukwenza yonke imisebenzi ezidingekayo sokuthuthukisa lodaba;
• ukuba balwele self-yokufunda;
• ukuqalisa usesho ukuze uthole olunye ulwazi ku imithombo;
• zama ukuhlaziya, cabanga futhi sifika eziphethweni ezithile.

Nale nokubambisana siyothola yi ephelele ukuqeqeshwa, kanye isiqinisekiso - diploma yemfundo (yesibili, lobuchwepheshe nangaphezulu).

imisebenzi Scientific

Siyaqonda ukuthi izigaba eyinhloko pedagogy imfundo, ezemfundo nokuqeqeshwa. Kodwa pedagogy enezici futhi izici eziningi ukuthi bayakufanelekela kokukhuluma ngokwehlukile.

1. Lolu cwaningo imihlola ezahlukene pedagogy, Ukucabangela imithetho, imithetho. Kukhona umbono ukuthi kuyaqashwa khona digestibility isipiliyoni lesizukulwane esidala, kuhambisana lwazi aluthola okufunwa umphakathi futhi isimo, njll
2. Kukhona umsebenzi pedagogic isebenza emsebenzini ukulungisisa bonke izimiso, izindlela kanye izinhlobo izinqubo zemfundo nokuqeqeshwa.
3. Okuqakathekileko nesidingo sokutadisha isipiliyoni eziphambili Pedagogical, uzodinga ukudala on ngesisekelo yayo umbono omusha.
4. Isici ewusizo ubhekwa ucwaningo isici. Lapha indima eyadlalwa nje ikhono beveza abanye uhlelo, kodwa futhi nekuwusebentisa emsebenzini wangempela, bakwenze.
5. Sebenza amasu amasha. Kungenxa mayelana nendlela ukuze uxhumane umfundi uthisha, yini izinhlobo zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa, nokunye.

umsebenzi pedagogic

Manje, ukwazi nje ukuthi izigaba eyinhloko pedagogy imfundo, imfundo kanye noqeqesho, singakwazi ukusungula main umsebenzi pedagogy. Kuzwakala sengathi okufanayo kuwo wonke amazwe: ukuhlela inqubo yemfundo, ikhumbula izici kwesikhathi zomlando kanye namalungelo ubuzwe. Uma sixoxa ngezinkinga ezithile esikhathini sethu, kukhona ezinkulu eziningana:

• ngcono isakhiwo kumiswa nokuqukethwe;
• ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zokufunda;
• thuthukisa amafomu kanye nezindlela imfundo ;
• wenza yelinyenti ngenhlonipho inqubo yokufunda esikolweni;
• yokwandisa ukulungiswa ngabanye ngomsebenzi okhokhelwayo.

Pedagogy Preschool

Ngithanda ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana pedagogy pre-school. Phela, izingane zethu uqale ukufunda kusenesikhathi ungagcina enkulisa. Ngakho, imikhakha eyinhloko pedagogy pre-school kuyinto:

• imfundo;
• ukuthuthukiswa;
• kumiswa;
• ukuqeqeshwa.

Sibona umehluko omncane kulokho sasivame ufunde mayelana esikoleni esiphakeme, kodwa kuyaqondakala. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala obumba imisebenzi ngabanye zihlukile futhi amazinga ayisisekelo sisadzinga, kodwa imfundo nokuqeqeshwa abakhona ngisho lapho. Ngokuqondene nentuthuko, kukhona umbono izinguquko ezenzeka kumuntu eminyakeni ngaphansi kokuqondisa uthisha. Ukwakhiwa nayo icabanga ekuthuthukiseni wengane inqubo imfundo, kucatshangelwa isimo senhlalo. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi esikhathini yobudala encane iqala ukwakheka umuntu, futhi awukwazi miss le isikhashana bese ukubukela phansi isikhathi yokuphila komuntu.

amagatsha pedagogy

Manje, ngemva kokufunda lonke ulwazi, wazi ukuthi izigaba eyinhloko pedagogy ngezici ezintathu ezinkulu esikuhlolile ngokuningiliziwe. Kodwa ngaphezu imikhakha kule isayensi ehlukanisa umkhakha, kuye ngokuthi siyini ngempela ukwenza kule ndawo. Ingqikithi umkhakha ngamunye kucacile ngesisekelo segama laso. Ukuqaqa ngamunye thina ngeke, kodwa ukwethula uhlu eyisisekelo:

• "Umlando wezeMfundo".
• "Pedagogy Comparative".
• "Ngaphambi kwesikole Pedagogy".
• "Ubudala pedagogy".
• "Imfundo ekhethekile" (sezingane ezikhubazekile ngokomzimba nangokwengqondo).
• "Usizo lwabenza imisenenzi Pedagogy".
• "KweziMilo zabasebenzi pedagogy."
• "Zokwelapha Pedagogy".

Futhi lokho ngeke zonke izindawo ukuthi ayingxenye yalesi isayensi, ukusetshenziswa esingenakubalwa phansi.