Isikhundla se-taiga. Izici zendawo ye-taiga

I-Taiga yizindawo ezibalulekile zehlathi. Isikhundla se-taiga siningi kakhulu - sithatha ingxenye esenyakatho ye-Asia, eCanada, eMpumalanga Ekude naseYurophu. Isimo sezulu, izitshalo nezilwane kule ndawo yemvelo zihluke kakhulu. Umngcele osenyakatho oseningizimu we-taiga uyingxenye enyakatho yesiqhingi saseHokkaido (eJapane), nenyakatho eTaimyr Peninsula.

Izimo zokushisa

Lesi sifundazwe sibhekene nobusika obude obude kanye nehlobo elifudumele, kodwa elifushane. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa lingahle lifike ku -50 ° C e-Yakutia naseCanada futhi ku -25 ° C ku- Ussuri taiga. Ebusika lapha kubanda ngeqhwa elijulile elijulile, kanti ihlobo liyakushisa kakhulu ngezinyosi nezinsikazi. Ehlobo, i-27-30 ° C yokushisa ibonakala eCanada naseMpumalanga Ekude. EMpumalanga Ekude, ihlobo ligcwele kakhulu futhi liyanda, futhi ubusika buyingozi. E-Western Siberia, ubusika buqhwa, kanti ihlobo limile kakhulu.

Isiphetho ezindaweni ezinjalo siza sekwephuzile. Ekuqaleni kuka-Ephreli iqhwa liqala ukuncibilika. Uma kubonakala sengathi ukushisa kuza, ngosuku olulandelayo isimo sezulu singakwazi ukuwohloka ngokuzumayo futhi amakhaza abuye futhi iqhwa liwa. Amahlumela emithini ngokuvamile avela ngasekupheleni kukaMeyi noma ngasekuqaleni kukaJuni.

Isikhundla se-taiga sifakazela ukuthi ihlobo liqala lapha kuphela ngoJuni futhi liphela ngo-Agasti. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kungashisa ngempela. Kule nkinga, imililo yamahlathi ngokuvamile ivela. Ngaphansi kaningi ihlobo lingadla futhi libandayo. Ekuqaleni kukaJuni, ngezinye izikhathi iqhwa liwa.

Izinhlobo nezici ze-taiga

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-taiga:

- coniferous ukukhanya;

- i-coniferous emnyama (ejwayelekile).

Izindawo ezikhethekile zendawo ye-taiga yiyo ukuthi itholakala endaweni epholile enomswakama. Isisekelo semifino yawo yi-coniferous. I-zone ye-taiga yasungulwa ngaphambi kokuqala kwesikhathi se-glacial. I-Taiga iphinde ihlukaniswe ibe yi-subzones: enyakatho, ephakathi naseningizimu. Nge-latitude, lesi sifunda sibhekwa njengenye yezindawo ezinkulu zezulu eziseplanethi.

Isikhundla se-taiga eRussia

Indawo enkulu kakhulu yemvelo yeRashiya Yuroshi yi-taiga. Yelula iqembu elibanzi futhi eliqhubekayo kulo lonke izwe kuze kube sePacific Ocean. Ububanzi bayo bukhulu eNtshonalanga Siberia (cishe ngo-2000 km). Kule ndawo, i-taiga flat izoxhuma ne-mountain taiga yesifunda saseBaikal neSayan. Uma unaka indawo yendawo yomhlaba we-taiga ensimini yeRussia, kuyacaca ukuthi kungani kuhle kangaka.

Ngokuba i-taiga yaseRussia ibonakala ngokwanele, kanye nomswakama owedlulele. Kunamachibi amaningi namaxhaphozi lapha. Ukuqhuma okuphezulu kule ndawo kuphakeme kunezinye izindawo ezingokwemvelo. Ubukhulu bomnatha wenethiwekhi buphawuleka kakhulu. Imifula idla ngokuyinhloko ngamanzi weqhwa elithambile. Ngokuphathelene nalokhu, cishe zonke izintwasahlobo kukhona isikhukhula.

I-Taiga iyindawo enkulu lapho kutholakala amahlathi e-coniferous. Ngasentshonalanga yoMlambo i-Yenisei, i-sod-podzolic ne-podzolic yasungulwa, nasemhlabathini wasempumalanga - permafrost-taiga.

Imifino

Indawo yendawo ye-taiga ithinta ukuhlukahluka kwezilwane nezitshalo. Ezindaweni ezizungezile zendawo yezulu, amahlumela e-coniferous e-boreal ayingxenye. Ngokuvamile, kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-30 zemindeni ezihlala ezincane zezitshalo ezinomzimba, okuyisimiso, ezinomthelela owodwa futhi ngokuvamile zibizwa nge-monotypic.

Esikhathini esifundeni kukhona amahlathi avela e-larch, ngesihlahla sase-spruce, e-fir, ephayini nasemisedari waseSiberia. Izinhlobo zezinkuni ezifana ne-birch, alder kanye ne-aspen nazo zitholakala ku-taiga.

Umhlaba wezilwane

Ngokuvamile, inyamazane ye-taiga icebile kakhulu kunendawo ye-tundra. Enyakatho yeMelika, umndeni wezintandane kanye nemindeni yezintambo usakazeke. E-Asia Ephakathi kunezindlela ezizimele. Ebandeni elincane, imindeni ye-mole, i-hare, i-mouse, i-squirrel, isikhumba, ama-hamsters, ama-voles nama-cunts asakazeke. Ama-Gophers, ama-gray, ama-shrews, ama-hares, ama-beavers, izimvu zeqhwa, i-herermine, amabhere amhlophe nama- brown, inyamazane ebomvu, i-elk, izimvu zeqhwa nabanye abahlala enyakatho ye-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika.

Indawo ye-taiga zone, ehlanganisa amagagasi ase-Arctic Ocean, inomphumela omuhle empilweni yezilwane nezinyoni ezilandelayo kule ndawo: i-walrus, i-diver, uphawu, ibhere le-polar, ama-gulls. Esikhathini esingaphansi komhlaba kuhlala ingulube, izimila, ama-partridges, i-white hare, i-owl emhlophe. I-Taiga iyizinyoni ezifudukayo: ama-swans, amahansi, ama-tern, amadada, ama-waders. Bahlala kulezi zifunda ngesikhathi sehlobo elincane elisenyakatho. Entwasahlobo, i-reindeer ihambela ezifundeni ezisenyakatho, lapho inika khona inzalo, futhi ubusika buya e-taiga. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ebusika kuneqhwa elincane elincane leqhwa kulezi zindawo, okusiza ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwesilwane.

Isikhundla se-taiga eRussia sinikeza iqiniso lokuthi lapha kukhona i-trot, impisi, i-wolverine, ibhere elimnyama, i- sandy, i-marten, i-ermine, i-Arctic fox, i-moose, i-musk deer. Lapha futhi kwenzeka khona i-beaver, ama-squirrels, ama-voles, izinja ze-raccoon, ama-chipmunks, ama-squirrels ahamba ngezinyawo, ama-pikas. Phakathi kwezinyoni kudingekile ukuba uqaphele izinkuni, izinhlobonhlobo zezikhumba, umsedari, i-jay, i-cob kanye nomnyama omnyama.

Eningizimu, emahlathini amakhulu kanye namahlathi ahlanganisiwe, zonke izilwane ezinkulu zaziqothulwa ngokuphelele ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kwalezi zindawo ngumuntu. Kuze kube manje, izimbalwa ezincane kuphela ze-beaver, izingulube, izinyamazane, ibhere elibomvu, i-elk, inyamazane ebomvu, i-mink ne-badger esasinda.

Ukuvikelwa kwe-taiga

Amassifi aseSiberia we-taiga ne-taiga e-Eurasia abizwa ngokuthi "amaphaphu" eplanethi yethu. Isimo samahlathi, empeleni, sincike ekubhekeni kwekhabhoni kanye ne-oksijeni yezingqimba zomkhathi. Umsebenzi womuntu uvame ukulimaza lezi zindawo zemvelo eziyingqayizivele. Ukuze uvikele lezi zindawo e-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika, kunezindawo eziningi zokupaka nezindawo ezigcinwe kuzo.

I-Taiga iyisihluku futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo izwe elihle kakhulu. Ingcebo yayo eyinhloko - ihlathi, imifula, izilwane kanye namaminerali. Bahlanganyela ekufakweni kwamafutha, amalahle negesi. Ubuntu buphoqelekile ukuba luqaphe futhi luvikele lezi zindawo.