Isakhiwo sacrum futhi coccyx: nokwakheka injongo obusebenzayo

Akuwona wonke umuntu ohlobene impilo yabo kahle. Abantu ngokuvamile abaqondi banake ezinye ubuhlungu, futhi eqinisweni kuthiwa umzimba akuyona ukuze okuhle, futhi kwakudingeka athathe isinyathelo. Ngokwesibonelo, bambalwa abantu bakhathazekile ubuhlungu sacrum. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, kungaba i-signal ukugula okungathí sina. Ngokuvamile, akuthina sonke ujwayelene isakhiwo se-sacrum. Ndawonye, ake sibheke-ke.

Kanjani sacrum

ingxenye Sacral kuyinto esingunxantathu bone ukuma ezinkulu, esemgwaqweni ngasesinqeni se ikholomu umgogodla. baye Ngoba izingane kwakhiwa ngisho skeleton, banakho siqukethe emihlanu amathambo ehlukile, futhi abadala kuyinto yocezu olulodwa. Muhle uhlobo uqhekeko ibekwe phakathi amathambo hip.

Ngokuvamile, sacrum ezakhiwe ezinhlanu amathambo tho, kodwa kungase kube ngaphezulu, ebukhoneni anomalies ezifana sacralisation. Hhayi njalo amathambo tho entsheni, ngenhlanhla, akuyona ukuhlukumeza, kanye eminyakeni ngokuvamile 25 konke kulungile.

neminyango sacrum

Manje ake sihlole kabanzi lokho kuyinto isakhiwo se-sacrum. Anatomy uxhumano yayo ibeke nge amathambo lumbar futhi coccyx. Kulokhu, it siqukethe izingxenye eziningana:

• phambi kanye evele ezingemuva (facies pelvina, facies dorsalis);
• uhlangothi izigaba (Izig lateralis);
• base (isisekelo ossis ezizenza umhlatshelo);
• vertex (isihloko ossis ezizenza umhlatshelo);
• i-canal sacral (canalis sacralis).

Ngaphambili ebusweni has simise ngilugweda okuyinto evelele ohlangothini upwardly futhi downwardly, kodwa kancane emaceleni. Phakathi ingxenye phambi sacrum ukuwela 4 engu- ilungu ukwakha izihlalo amathambo Fusion. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi lezi imigqa ahlelwe ukuvuleka e isamba 4 izingcezu ngala nangale. Sinenkosi simise nxazonke, iqondiswe phambili futhi singatsheki futhi siye ohlangothini kusukela phezulu kuya phansi uzophawula ushintsho ububanzi ohlangothini ezincane. Ngalezi izimbobo ukusebenzisa imithambo yegazi kanye kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa okuyinto bakha plexus.

Uma uyikha phezulu le ezingemuva isakhiwo sacrum libhekene umumo ewumngcingo convex kanye maholoholo. Kanye ke kukhona emikhulu ezinhlanu bony, okuyinto akhiwa nokuhlanganiswa ezinye amathambo. inqubo Spinous ifomu ayibhangqiwe ikamu izinqubo articular ihlangana zibe Lesisemkhatsini emikhulu, spikes emikhulu lateral ezakhiwe igama elifanayo abhanqiwe. Ngezinye izikhathi wonke uhlevane ihlangana zibe yokhalo olulodwa.

I evele ohlangothini isandiso ezahlukene engxenyeni engenhla, kodwa yayizovela.

Isizathu - ke khathesi ulithambo ukuthi has simise aphumele kuyo yonke indawo, ubhekene phambili kuya phezulu. Ngaphambili okuyingxenye ixhunywe yesihlanu lumbar vertebra esakha uhlobo izimpawulo, okuhloswe ngaso ukhalo.

Vertex ine kobujamo obusaqanda, evumela ukuthi kungaba indlela enhle kakhulu ukuba baxhumane ithambo we coccyx.

Isakhiwo sacrum futhi coccyx kuhlanganisa ukudlula ezisabalele kanye amathambo futhi has simise lwalugobile. Ngenhla it is enwetshiwe futhi sifana unxantathu, futhi ngezansi is ayisesemikhulu. Kulokhu kususwa udonga lwangemuva isiteshi uhlala gcwalisiwe. Isiteshi plexus sacral kwalapho kuhlangana khona imizwa etholakala kokuphuma ngokusebenzisa izimbobo.

Kanjani ukhalo

Sacrum, itholakala eduze ngemuva, kumane nje kuyingxenye yomthwalo isakhiwo iyiphi ukhalo womuntu, naphezu ubulili. Njengomthetho, it siqukethe izingxenye ezintathu ezisemqoka:

• amathambo amabili okhalo;
• sacrum;
• tailbone.

Phambi ukhalo ithambo amabhangqa amabili axhunyiwe ngu-semi ezihambayo kwakwakhe nesinovialnogo. Kungenjalo, lesi sigaba ukubizwa ngokuthi pubis symphysis noma symphysis pubic. Ngemuva kwala mathambo iziza zabo amafomu indlebe emise Banamathele projection efanayo wethambo aitch. Ngenxa yalokho, le kuholela ekwakhekeni ngababili of emalungeni sacroiliac.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye ala mathambo amabili, kanye isakhiwo ukhalo, yena, futhi siqukethe nezinye izingxenye ezintathu:

• iliac;
• ischial;
• pubic.

Lapho ufika ngonyaka-16-18 ubudala, lawa mathambo axhunyiwe nomunye cartilages. Bese kuba khona lungukuphulukisa kancane kancane la izakhi ku ithambo elilodwa okhalo. Uma uyikha phezulu le yangaphandle yalo has acetabulum, esebenza njengesikhali indawo evumelana obandayo ikhanda femoral.

Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka indandatho noma umgodi okhalo, lapho izitho zangaphakathi afakiwe. Yonke umcengezi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili: ukuthi singumgodi omkhulu, ebanzi (ukhalo ezinkulu) kanye nezincane, iyincane (ukhalo ezincane). Basuke ahlukaniswe emgqeni umngcele, okuyinto sidlula lenhlonhlo sacral, le arc ala mathambo amabili iliac, scallop ithambo pubic kanye mkhawulo we symphysis pubic.

Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwezitho zangasese kuhlanganisa umnyango, lapho kukhona izibilini okuqondene esiswini ephansi - endishini enkulu. Futhi encane ukufihla ingemuva kanye esinyeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona kwesibeletho kanye ezihlobene futhi sangasese kwabesifazane. In amadoda, uMnyango ivikela endlaleni engasesinyeni kanye vesicles kwesidoda.

Umehluko isakhiwo okhalo besifazane nebesilisa

Ikakhulu umehluko isakhiwo uMnyango okhalo ngenxa yokuthi isidumbu sowesifazane ingashintshwa ukuze kokuzalwa kwengane. Njengoba ukhalo, kungenjalo ukubukeka futhi sacrum zesifazane (idayagramu isakhiwo uvezwa athikili yethu). He is ebanzi futhi kancane lwalugobile.

ukhalo Female ngobubanzi okuningi futhi mfushane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezihlukahlukene futhi izimbobo: nengxenye besifazane base ngobubanzi okuningi, ngoba ngabo ingane. Futhi ngesikhathi sokubeletha imbobo iyakhula. Sami hip amathambo e abesifazane kakhulu engonxantathu kunabantu.

ukusebenza

Emizimbeni yethu indima ebalulekile ewela sacrum. Izici isakhiwo uyivumele ukwenza umsebenzi oyinhloko Ukuvikelwa sitho, zitholakala kule ingaphakathi okhalo. Kodwa, ngaphezu, ihlinzeka sacrum uqotho lwamathambo omuntu. Ngenxa yakhe yonke umthwalo ngokulinganayo basakaza, ikakhulukazi umthamo yayo enkulu ewela uma uhamba. Kusukela amathambo we sacrum ukuphumula ke enze umsebenzi motor, akakwazi.

uhlelo kwemisipha

umnyango Sacral ayengahluleka ukufeza kahle umsebenzi wayo ngaphandle amaqembu kwemisipha:

• ipheya;
• iliac;
• oluhlukaniswe;
• gluteal.

Ukuqala i-piriformis imisipha izenzo yena nemisipha sacrum futhi foramen enkulu sciatic. Bona asuke izinyanda ngabanye kwemisipha endwangwini, iziphi ke kuhlangene bese ithunyelwa trochanter omkhulu wethambo ethangeni. Imisipha inikeza ezinyakazayo rotary we ngokuhlanganyela hip.

Sacrum imisipha iliac futhi baqale ngamathambo, okuyinto unomthwalo yasibamba iliac yayo Crest ne fovea. Khona-ke imisipha akhuphukele trochanter elincane of ithambo ithanga ngempama. Umsebenzi Its flexion esitho engezansi.

Banye imisipha Imicu yotshani ahlelwe emiseleni we sacrum, futhi banesibopho eguqa emuva nasemuva.

Gluteal imisipha apharathasi evela sacrum amathambo coccyx, kuhlanganise iliac. Imicu yotshani ephakeme ukunweba kuze kube tuberosity gluteal. Esikhathini sacral gluteus maximus iyona enkulu kunazo zonke. Injongo yalo - lokhu ukuphendula flexion yezingalo nemilenze aphansi.

Liningi igazi sacral

Ukuze ukuqinisekisa ukunikezela imicu imisipha esachazwa umnyango ukuhlangabezana izitsha ezithile igazi. Isakhiwo sacrum ukuthi eliphakathi kwe kanye gluteal imisipha iqembu uthola izakhi ngenxa gluteal Umthambo sehlukaniswe amagatsha amaningana.

By iliac imisipha Imicu yotshani efanelekayo Umthambo iliopsoas. Ngaphezu kwalokho ke iqhaza futhi Umthambo, imvilophu wethambo hip. imithambo lumbar ukunikezela amandla amaqembu kwemisipha oluhlukaniswe.

kwalapho

Okuhle umsebenzi kwemisipha isakhiwo kungenzeka ngenxa eziyimpumelelo emsipheni. amaqembu Umsebenzi ilium futhi piriformis imisipha kulawulwa lumbar futhi plexus sacral. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuhamba ngokuhlanganyela ngamunye. Ngakho i-iliac fibre ihlangana le plexus lumbar, qapha ukuze piriformis kwalapho sacrum.

Isakhiwo kufaka breech sacrum plexus ezinzwa ukuthi ukulawula imisipha igama elifanayo. Ukuze innervation multifidus amaqembu kwemisipha wemfanelo iziteshi emsipheni umgogodla.