Ukukhonjwa leukocyte e ukuhlolwa igazi. okulotshiweyo

Kukhona neze indoda ngubani okungenani kanye empilweni yakhe akazange nginikeze ukuhlolwa igazi. Wonke umuntu kuwumsebenzi othatha isikhathi ujwayelene le nqubo, kodwa kanjani humusha imiphumela yokuhlaziya, kuphela kumbuthano ewumngcingo zabantu waziwa. Kulungiswa ka leukocyte e ukuhlolwa igazi, amangqamuzana abomvu egazi, e-hemoglobin futhi hematocrit kungase kubonakale umsebenzi olula, kodwa lokhu akunandaba ngempela.

Omunye izinkomba ezibalulekile kakhulu ukuhlaziywa igazi - isibalo egazi amhlophe - amaprotheni ukuthi ukuvikela umzimba womuntu. Lezi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kuthinte izivikeli mzimba futhi ulawule inani labo ngqo exhumene ne ukuthambekela ukubhekana esifweni esithile. Yingakho ukubaluleka leukocyte e ukuhlolwa igazi liyadingeka ukwazi ngamunye. Cabangela le nkomba kabanzi.

Ukwaziswa Okumayelana leukocyte

Leukocyte (omhlophe egazi, noma amaseli egazi amhlophe (WBC)) - iqembu kumaseli emzimbeni womuntu, okuyinto akhiqizwa e-lymph kanye umnkantsha. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko - ekulweni umonakalo kwezicubu ukutheleleka. Ngokwesibonelo, usebenzisa abasohlotsheni oluthile lwenkonzo ekhethekile enzyme leukocyte nizibophe futhi buthelela nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic kanye nemikhiqizo yabo umzimba, nabanye - akhiqiza amasosha omzimba abulale amangqamuzana angaphandle. Ukuqokwa ezivamile leukocyte e ukuhlolwa igazi - WBC.

wayephazamisekile

Inani legazi ezimhlophe cell count - ngezinga elithile izivikeli mzimba. Ngokuvamile, umuntu enempilo inombolo WBC e ukuhlolwa igazi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu mdala, kumele ibe phakathi 4-9x10 ^9.

Ukwandisa inani eliphelele leukocyte ngokuthi leukocytosis. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuhlukanisa leukocytosis bokuphila sokugembula. Futhi uma imbangela yokuqala kungaba ukucindezeleka evamile, ukubhema, ukusebenza komzimba, ukusetshenziswa yokudla okungenamsoco, kanye nokukhulelwa kanye nokubeletha, yesibili ivela ku ukugeleza isizinda kwezifo ezithathelwanayo (isib, sepsis, inyumoniya, meningitis, pyelonephritis).

Uma inombolo WBC, kunalokho kwehle (leukopenia), ke kubonisa isimo esibi kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Leukopenia lungase lubonwe ngesikhathi ukugeleza emzimbeni womuntu izifo ezithile viral (upokisi, rubella, Umkhuhlane ezinye izinhlobo) kanye ngesikhathi yokwamukela izidakamizwa (isib antivirals, analgesics).

izinhlobo leukocytosis

Kuye uhlobo leukocytosis kuyadingeka ukuze ehlukile ahumushe imiphumela kulungiswa ukubaluleka leukocyte e ukuhlolwa igazi. Uma ukwanda ezimhlophe cell segazi akuyona ephelezelwa izimpawu bokuphila isifo (bokuphila leukocytosis), khona-ke ungakhathazeki mayelana imiphumela yokuhlaziya. Kulokhu, WBC zibuyele kokujwayelekile ngemuva umzimba iyeke ukwenza isici ingqondo ukwanda ezimhlophe cell segazi. Uma, leukocytosis kuyinto sokugembula, kubalulekile ukuqhuba ahlolwe kahle emzimbeni, njengoba lokhu kungase kube uphawu lwe-a izifo kunalokho yingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-isizinda ezingamahlalakhona Trailing leukocytosis kungase leukemia (ayanda engalawuliwe amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi), lapho amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi phezani ukwenza umsebenzi wawo.

WBC. okulotshiweyo

Kukhona amafomu ezinhlanu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Ukukhonjwa leukocyte e ukuhlolwa igazi ngokuya ngamajamo yabo ngokuthi leukocyte ifomula. Ngokusho kwakhe, okungukuthi isilinganiso ezilinganiselwe amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi, ungakwazi ukunquma uhlobo ukuvuvukala ezenzeka emzimbeni wesiguli.

Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke leukocyte okuqukethwe (ngokuya amafomu ethize) per unit umthamo ngokuvamile kunqunywa ifomula: A (%) * WBC (109 / L) / 100, lapho A (%) Kusho ukwabelana ezithile ukuma leukocyte phakathi lonke inani corpuscles mhlophe iphesenti ifomu, futhi WBC (109 / l) - inani eliphelele leukocyte egazini.

Ifomu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. neutrophil

Norma neutrophil (umuntu omdala) - 48-78%. Lona iqembu lokuqala futhi elikhulu elimhlophe egazi amafomu. Inani la kwezicubu bagxila WBC egazini Assay zokhahlamba kusuka 50-70% wezindleko. Bona ngokuyinhloko awela ekhukhwini ukuvuvukala azame ukuqeda nezilwanyana ezincane eziyingozi. Futhi neutrophil kukhona abavikeli main ubuthi namagciwane. Ephambi kwezinduna ukutheleleka inani leukocyte amafomu ongama izikhathi 10. Kulokhu, WBC uzoba shift kwesokunxele.

eosinophils

Eosinophils - yesibili isikhunta leukocyte ngokuqhubekayo akhiqizwa umnkantsha kwabantu, lemali kwazo kuvela 1 kwabangamaphesenti angu-5 we WBC Imininingwane. Ngemva nokuvuthwa ephelele leukocyte ukuthi ifomu eshiya umnkantsha futhi eshukunyiswa isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi ku izicubu, okungcono emaphashini, pheshana emathunjini bese isikhumba, uqale ukubhubhisa wesithathu lapho amaprotheni umzimba.

Ukwanda lolu hlobo isivivinyo igazi WBC (eosinophilia) kungenxa nasekuqiniseni imfundo yabo futhi lisikisela ukuthi umzimba wakhe waqala ngenkuthalo bazivikele amaprotheni angaphandle ngokufaka igazi. Ngokuvamile, eosinophilia ekuthuthukiseni ezifweni iguliswa noma ukungenisa helminth izibungu.

A ukwehla eosinophils egazini (hypoeosinophilia) noma ukunyamalala yabo ephelele kungabonakala nasemkhakheni phakathi cishe zonke izifo sibi ezithathelwanayo. Ukuvela lolu hlobo egazi amhlophe ngemva ukungabi kwabo ukuhlaziya ebonisa izimpawu zokuqala zokululama.

Norm ka eosinophils (umuntu omdala) - 0.5-5%.

basophils

ifomu okungenani zezinombolo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi - kuyinto basophils. Badlala indima ebalulekile ezimweni lapho umzimba uthola allergen. Uma basophil ibona ke, uqala sokudiliza, likhiphele igazi izinto eziphila abakhuthele ezibangela izimpawu zokwelashwa (ukuphendula iguliswa).

Basophilia - inqubo okwandisa lezi leukocyte. Lokhu kuyindlela yemvelo yokusabela lapho evamile umzimba usesimweni iguliswa noma uphawu isifo esinjengo upokisi. amazinga ephakeme amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi isici sobuntu ekuqaleni umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini kanye nge-ovulation kwabesifazane.

Ukungabikho basophils kusuka umbono wezokwelapha, ayibalulekile zokuxilonga, futhi bazopeniya hhayi kubonelelwe uphethwe emitholampilo kanye nencazelo leukocyte.

Norma basophils abadala - 0-1%.

monocytes

Monocytes - ifomu elikhulu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko - kanye neutrophil ukulwa Amagciwane kanye eziphilayo angaphandle. Kodwa njengoba ubukhulu monocyte okuningi, bahlala futhi abhubhise umzimba eziyingozi isikhathi eside kakhulu kuneminyaka neutrophil.

Ukukhomba kanye ekubizweni leukocyte e ukuhlolwa igazi yalolu hlobo - ngempela inqubo ebalulekile, ngoba amazinga aphakeme monocytes kuyinkomba eqondile yezifo ezifana mononucleosis ezithathelwanayo, futhi engekho yabo - ku ukugeleza emzimbeni izifo ezinzima ukuvuvukala futhi ezithathelwanayo, kuhlanganise umnkantsha.

Norm ka monocytes (umuntu omdala) - 3-11%.

lymphocyte

amayunithi Key ekwakheni uhlelo omzimba lymphocyte - olunye uhlobo amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi. Basuke kwakheka ubende, umnkantsha, bese zidluliselwa ngqo igazi lymph izinhlelo, okuyinto enze ukuqashelwa nomzimba angaphandle antigen umsebenzi, ngazo sibonane ngaphambili. Le mpahla esiyingqayizivele lymphocyte ukudala esikwaziyo njengoba amasosha omzimba kusukela izifo ngaphambilini yizinambuzane.

Ama-lymphocyte yilezi of ezintathu izinhlobo: T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte futhi NK lymphocyte. Eyokuqala unesibopho amasosha omzimba cell aqashwe, ukukhiqizwa omzimba noma unikeze okuthiwa yesibili amasosha omzimba humoral. NK-amaseli ababhubhisa amaseli ayo uma ukutheleleka nakomaka zitholiwe phezu.

Ukwanda kwenani wamangqamuzana egazi amhlophe akha libizwa lymphocytosis nokuncipha - lymphopenia. Ngo sokuqonda leukocyte ibala ngokungabi bikho kwezimpawu zomzimba ukuphambuka isifo kusukela yinto evamile ukukhuluma lymphocyte ayiyona ingozi. Ukukhonjwa leukocyte ekucubunguleni igazi umumo Sectional zinhlobo ngokwanele isinyathelo esibalulekile emagama leukocyte.

Norma lymphocyte (umuntu omdala) - 25-40%.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi imithetho wonke amafomu amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi banikwa kubantu abadala. Ezinganeni, kuye ngokuthi yobudala, lezi zinombolo anencazelo ezahlukene.

Ngokusobala, ukuze uqonde ukuthi amangqamuzana amhlophe egazi kukhonjisiwe ukuhlaziywa jikelele igazi, futhi zimelelani izinombolo phambi le nkomba akunzima kakhulu. Bunake amakghono la kanye nemicabango ukuzisebenzisa ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo. Kodwa futhi akufanele bahlanganyele self-ukuxilongwa kanye self-ukwelashwa, njengoba nje uchwepheshe onolwazi kungakwenza nje ukhombe ukwelashwa abanekhono futhi ukuvikela isiguli kusuka ezinkingeni ezengeziwe.