Isakhiwo ngaphakathi nangaphandle izinambuzane

I onhlobonhlobo ekilasini - izinambuzane, isakhiwo sangaphandle futhi izitho zangaphakathi lapho kufundvwe kahle. Kusukela nezinye izinhlobo eyisinambuzane libhekene sokuhlukanisa umzimba waba izingxenye ezintathu: ikhanda, thorax nesisu. Njengomthetho, watadisha Sakhiwo sangaphandle sezinambuzane ku isibonelo Meyi ibhungane noma intethe.

exoskeleton

Izinambuzane abanalo skeleton yangaphakathi. indima yakhe kwenziwa eqinile aminyene umzimba - the cuticle. Kuyinto umsebenzi zokuzivikela kanye nokwesekwa, kudala uhlobo yezinyoni.

Ukuze unamathisele imisipha exoskeleton, futhi ubuso bayo yakha umgoqo esasihlukanisa ingaphakathi umzimba kusuka imvelo. I cuticle kungaba nzima noma ethambile, baphendukela igobolondo. Kwezinye izimo, ekhanda nasesifubeni cuticle elukhuni, ku esiswini - esithambile.

Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela yokwanda okusheshayo abe nezimo, cuticle eqine. Abakwazi molt izikhathi eziningana, wamshaya igobolondo ubudala. Ezinye izingxenye emzimbeni wesinambuzane kungenziwa olunye ivikelwe amapuleti nezihlangu.

ikhanda

I Sakhiwo sangaphandle sezinambuzane zikwazi lokho ukuze zifunde, kusukela ekhanda. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala sengathi izinto ikhanda lonke enobunye, kodwa evolutionarily lenzeka nokuhlanganiswa 5 izingxenye ke.

Esisogwini izimpondo ekhanda futhi amabhangqa amathathu mouthparts nasemilenzeni. Basuke ihlukaniswe engenhla, umhlathi ongezansi futhi udebe lwangezansi (a pair of emihlathini tho). Mouthparts nemilenze e izinambuzane ezahlukene zihlukile futhi ihlukaniswe yaba izinhlobo eziningana kuye ngohlobo ukudla:

• gnawing ngoba ngokudla okuqinile, ezifana mabhungane okuzingela;
• ukubhoboza abancela, uma ufuna ibhoboze substrate ukudla, kukhona izinhlobo zomiyane, izimbungulu, cicadas;
• ijabulise-abancela uma ukubhoboza kungadingeki, like izimvemvane;
• ikhotha-gnawing ngoba ukudla liquid izinyosi, iminyovu;
• muskoidnye lokondla liquid ukudla okuqinile fly.

Ezinhlangothini ikhanda ahlelwe amehlo lemagalagala, futhi phakathi kwamehlo elula kuya kwemithathu. Phambi kwamehlo ami - the zimpondomizwa, okuyinto nazo ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana.

webele

Siyaqhubeka ukuhlola Sakhiwo sangaphandle izinambuzane. Amabele izinambuzane zingahlukaniswa zibe izingxenye ezintathu ezinkulu, okuyinto ivelele elincane nakakhulu. Ezansi kwezintaba izinyawo esifubeni prichleneny. Trochanter futhi umcengezi nemilenze ukunikeza ukuhamba. Ethangeni - engxenyeni ngobukhulu futhi enamandla kakhulu emlenzeni, ifakwe imisipha enamandla.

Kulandelwe kwedolo nasemlenzeni ephansi, ehlinzekwe kanye iqhubezela kanye spikes. Foot ngokwayo ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezincane eziningana, esisogwini phezulu izimpiko kanye amaswidi. Izici Sakhiwo sangaphandle izinambuzane zincike zilwane. Imilenze futhi kungase kudingeke ezikhethekile futhi zihlukaniswe izinhlobo.

wings

Sakhiwo sangaphandle izinambuzane ezithakazelisayo ukufunda ngenxa ukwehluka kwezinhlobo. Amaphiko izimvemvane omiyane kuhluke ukubukeka, kodwa akheke ngendlela efanayo. Ezimweni eziningi, amabili namabhuzu amaphiko, zingabantu protuberances ngokufanele kwi backrest. Zakhiwa amapuleti mncane kakhulu kuvikelwe emithanjeni eqinile.

I Sakhiwo sangaphandle emzimbeni wesinambuzane incike yokuphila. Mayelana nokusetshenziswa imisebenzi ehlukahlukene, amaphiko eziye zabhekana izinguquko eziningi. Ngo Diptera siguqulelwa haltere amaphiko ezingemuva babe strepsiptera - phambili. Zhukov phambi amaphiko ziye zashintsha phakathi elytra, mantises namaphela babé obunesikhumba nokunye. D. izinhlobo ezithile amaphiko isinambuzane bengekho kwelinye ubulili noma ngokugcwele bonke abantu.

esiswini

Ukuphelisa ukutadisha Sakhiwo sangaphandle esiswini isinambuzane. Le ngxenye siqukethe sebuningini izingxenye ezifanayo, ngokuvamile eziyishumi. Ngezinye 8 futhi ingxenye 9 ahlelwe Izitho zangasese kanye ukuvuleka. Esikhathini esiswini itholakala cishe zonke izitho zangaphakathi.

Nemilenze ku esiswini akuyona, kodwa izibungu imilenze zamanga kungenziwa akhiwe khona. Amazenge posterior elise copulatory isitho kwabesilisa, izinsikazi sisila futhi ingquza. Ithebula "isakhiwo sangaphandle izinambuzane" ukusiza baqonde kangcono isakhiwo yalezi abameleli jikelele silwane.

Zokuphefumula futhi isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi

Sakhiwo sangaphandle futhi sangaphakathi izinambuzane incike yokuphila ukuthi ukuhola. Uhlelo zokuphefumula siqukethe uqhoqhoqho bona igcwale wonke umzimba. Bavula spiracles elawula ukugeleza komoya. Ngo izinambuzane, emoyeni aphefumula, ukuphefumula uhlelo evulekile. Emanzini kuthiwa ivaliwe, akukho spiracles. Lezi ziphungumangathi zasondela kukhona zokuphefumula.

Air ongena ngesango ukuvuleka futhi lingena singene spiracles kuqhoqhoqho sisithandele izitho zangaphakathi. Kuqhoqhoqho anqamule amaseli branched tracheal futhi tracheoles, imikhawulo okuyinto ukungena amaseli.

Hemolymph akusho iqhaza negesi lokushintshisana, lokhu indima wenziwa uqhoqhoqho. Hemolymph akhishwa nge inhliziyo, esemgwaqweni ngemuva. Kubukeka sengathi kwemisipha emzimbeni tube.

Hemolymph engena tube ngembobo futhi ushukumisela ohlangothini kusukela esiswini ekhanda. Ngesikhathi komunye umkhawulo hemolymph ngokukhululekile agelezela ngokuqondile phakathi komgodi umzimba futhi izimboze izibilini, yokumatisa nabo izinto ezidingekayo.

Wokugaya ukudla bese izinhlelo excretory

Siyaqhubeka ekutadisheni Sakhiwo sangaphandle izinambuzane futhi zangaphakathi. Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene iqala ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, lapho ukugeleza Amapayipi we nezindlala salivary. Ngamathe iqukethe enzyme i ukugaya ukudla. Lokhu kulandelwa emphinjeni, sika, isisu. Ithumbu kuhlukaniswe ezintathu esebenzisa valve ezimbili futhi iphela le ingquza. Olunye uhlobo wokugaya ukudla lapho usukhulile engakaze athuthukile. Ngokwesibonelo, akukho mayflies isiphanga nemihlathi nesisu encishisiwe. Bahlala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa bese ingaludli.

izitho Excretory e izinambuzane emelelwa tubules Malpighian kanye hindgut. tubules Malpighian - ngamapayipi elise phakathi maphakathi kanye hindgut. imikhiqizo Ukusingathwa kuhlungwa isitsha izindonga siboniswa hindgut.

Endocrine nekutala izinhlelo

Endocrine izitho hormone phakathi hemolymph elawula izinqubo bokuphila ezifana umzimba, imifanekiso, nokuziphatha al.
Izinambuzane - izilwane dioecious. Uhlelo zokuzala kuhlanganisa testes amabili angamaduna, vas deferens futhi ejaculatory imbobo. Female uhlelo zokuzala imelelwa ezikhiqiza amaqanda kanye oviduct.

Phakathi ngokumitha kwemihlambi ngaphakamisa isidoda ingena insikazi ayesisebenzisa kwesidoda futhi agcinwe lapho. Kokuzalela ingahlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, iningi zinhlobo ngokushesha ushiye. Phakathi ebeka amaqanda avundiswa ngu sperm nivame. Esichithwa kabusha wonke amabutho omzimba, ngakho izinsikazi noma abakhuthalele ukusuthisa, noma afe.

isimiso sezinzwa futhi izinzwa

Isimiso sezinzwa izinambuzane has a isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Yakhiwa sezinzwa. Iseli ezinzwa ungabahlukanisa umzimba, dendrites futhi Axon. Ngokusebenzisa amaseli dendritic ukwamukela amasignali, kanye nokwaziswa exchange nge Axon.

Isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko siqukethe Supra-oesophageal ganglion futhi uchungechunge besisu, esakhiwa ganglia. Lezi ejensi ukuqapha imisebenzi yonke kwezitho nezicubu. Uhlelo neuropathy - nenjini nezinzwa sezinzwa ukuthi ukuxhuma CNS kuya kwezitho nezicubu. Uhlelo autonomic siqukethe ganglia ngabanye elawula ukusebenza kwezitho.

Ngokusebenzisa izinzwa Imininingwane ingena isimiso sezinzwa.

Umbono ethulwa amehlo faceted, amehlo ezimbalwa ezilula noma amehlo elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu.

ukuzwa kwakho kungase elise izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Zivezwa emilenzeni vibroretseptorami izinambuzane eziyinhlabathi nomuzwa vibration substrate. Umsindo ngokusebenzisa amanzi emoyeni ziqondakala fonoretseptorami futhi Diptera zwa nge dzhonstonovyh emizimbeni. tympanal kukhona isitho eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ekuzweni.

Ama-ejensi ukunambitha wahlela imilenze, esiswini ku ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo. izitho Okuthintekayo asezindaweni ezikahle kulo lonke umzimba. izitho olfactory - kwi izimpondo.

isakhiwo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle sezinambuzane zingase zishintshe kakhulu e zinhlobo ezahlukene. It kuncike yokuphila futhi uhlobo lokudla. Ithebula "isakhiwo sangaphandle izinambuzane", elitholakala ngaye ngaphambili kulesi sihloko, kuzosiza nokumisa i-lwazi aluthola.