Insimu yamagnetic iyingqayizivele futhi ihambelana: isici nencazelo

Enye yezingqinamba eziyisisekelo ezisetshenziswe ku-physics yinkimbane yamagnetic. Ithinta izindleko zamagesi ezihambayo. Ukungenakuthola nokungazizwa ngumuntu, kodwa ukutholakala kwayo kungatholakala nge-magnet noma insimbi. Kulula kakhulu ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi insimu yamagnetic ebizwa ngokuthi i-homogeneous ne-inhomogeneous.

Ukunquma kanye nezindlela zokuthola insimu yamagnetic

Uma sibhekana nomqondo we-magnetic field, sibhekene nombuzo wokuthi ngabe le nsimu yamagnetic iyingqayizivele noma ayihambisani. Ngaphambi kokuphendula umbuzo onjalo, kubalulekile ukunikeza izincazelo zokuqala emibhalweni.

Insimu yamagnetic kufanele ibhekwe njengento ekhethekile yendaba ekhona eduze nokususa amacala kagesi, ikakhulukazi abahamba phambili abanamanje. Ungathola ukuthi usebenzisa inaliti yamagnetic noma izinsimbi zensimbi.

Insimu enobumbano

Ivela ngaphakathi kumagnet we-strip nakwi-solenoid, lapho ubude bayo bukhulu kunomkhawulo. Kulesi simo, ngokusho komthetho we-borer, umgudu wensimu yamagnetic uzoqondiswa ngokumelene ne-clockwise.

Imigqa yamagnetic ifana futhi iqondile, ukungabi nalutho phakathi kwabo kuhlale kufana, amandla okuthonya enaliti yamagnetic ayifani nhlobo kuwo wonke amaphuzu ngokuphakama nokuqondisa kwawo.

Insimu engaphelelanga

Uma kwenzeka insimu engaphelelanga, imigqa yamagnetic iyogoba, ukungabi nalutho phakathi kwabo kuzohlukahluka, amandla esenzo esenzweni se-magnetic azohluka emaqenjini ahlukene ensimu ngobukhulu nesiqondiso. Futhi, amandla okwenza umcibisholo abekwe emkhakheni we-magnet we-strip esebenza ngamaphuzu ahlukene ngamandla we-modulus ne-direction. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi insimu engaphelelanga. Imigqa yalensimu ivinjiwe, imvamisa ihluka ukusuka iphuzu kuya endaweni.

Kungenzeka ukuthola insimu enjalo eduze komqhubi oqondile nge-current, i-magnet kanye ne-solenoid.

Iyini imigqa yamagnetic?

Okokuqala, uma inkinga ivela, kubalulekile ukuthi sinqume ukuthi yiyiphi insimu yamagnetic, i-homogeneous noma i-inhomogeneous, eyakhayo, kubalulekile ukuthi ufunde ngemigqa yamagnetic, ngendlela isici sensimu esicacile ngayo.

Ukumelela inkundla yamagnetic, imigqa yamagnetic yaqala ukusetshenziswa. Ziyizibopho ezicatshangelwayo ezisemngeni we-magnetic futhi zifakwa ensimini yamagnetic. Kungenzeka ukudweba umugqa wamagnetic nganoma yisiphi iphuzu sensimu, kuyoba nesiqondiso futhi ihlale ivaliwe.

Isiqondiso

Baphuma emgodini osenyakatho we-magnet futhi bathunyelwa eningizimu. Kusukela ngaphakathi kwamagnet ngokwayo, konke kuhambisane kakhulu. Imigqa ngokwawo ayinaso isiqalo noma isiphetho, ivaliwe noma idlula kusuka ekungenasiphelo kuya ezingeni elingapheliyo.

Ngaphandle kwemigqa yamaginethi itholakale kakhulu kakhulu eduze kwezibonda. Kulokhu kucacile ukuthi insimu ishintshe kakhulu eduze kwamapulangwe, futhi njengoba ihamba isuka phansi, iyancipha. Njengoba inikezwe ukuthi ama-magnetic strips aphikisiwe, isiqondiso samandla asenza inaliti yamagnetic sishintsha futhi.

Indlela Yokudweba

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi amasimu amancane amancane afana kanjani nokungafani, kudingekile ukuthi ufunde ukuthi ungabamelela kanjani ngokusebenzisa imigqa yamagnetic.

Kufanele sicabange ngesibonelo esingenhla sokubonakala kwensimu yamagnetic ehambisana nendawo okuthiwa i-solenoid, okuyikhoyili yocingo ye-cylindrical, lapho iqala khona manje. Ngaphakathi, insimu yamagnetic ingabhekwa njengento ehambisanayo, uma nje ubude bukhulu kakhulu kunebubanzi (ngaphandle kwekhoyili insimu ngeke ibe yinto engafani, imigqa yamagnetic izotholakala ngendlela efanayo nasemagnetheni).

Insimu evumelana nayo ikhona futhi phakathi nendawo yamagnetti okugcina unomphela. Endaweni enganiselwe esikhaleni, kungenzeka ukukhiqiza insimu yamagnetic ehambisanayo lapho amandla okusebenza kumcibisholo onamagesi azofana nokulinganisa nokuqondisa.

Ukuze ubonise insimu yamagnetic, sebenzisa isibonelo esilandelayo. Uma imigqa itholakale ngokulandelana kwendiza yokudweba futhi iqondiswa kusukela kumbukeli, khona-ke imelelwa iziphambano, uma amaphuzu abukela - ngamaphuzu. Njengawo wamanje, isiphambano ngasinye sinjengezinsizi ezibonakalayo zomsila ezindizayo ukusuka kumcibisholo obhekayo, futhi iphuzu linamandla kunomcibisholo osondela kithi.

Futhi, imfuneko ethi "Dweba insimu yamagnetic ehambelanayo futhi engahambelani" iyenzeka kalula. Vele udwebe lezi zindlela zemiginci, ucabange izici zensimu (homogeneity kanye ne-heterogeneity).

Kodwa-ke, ukutholakala kwezinsimu ezingenakuqhathaniswa kakhulu kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kulokhu, ukuthola umphumela womzimba usebenzisa i-equation jikelele akunakwenzeka.

Umehluko

Impendulo yombuzo wendlela amasimu ajwayelekile amancane afana ngayo nezinsimu ezingenakuvumelanisa kalula kulula ukunikeza. Okokuqala, kuxhomeke emigqeni yamagnetic. Uma kwenzeka insimu ehambisanayo, ibanga eliphakathi kwabo lizofana, futhi lizosatshalaliswa ngokufanayo, ngombuso ofanayo osebenza kumadivayisi nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Ezindaweni ezingenasici, konke kuhambisane kakhulu. Imigqa ingasatshalaliswa ngokungafani, ezindaweni ezahlukene asebenza ngokungafani kwamandla.

Ngokwenza njalo, insimu engapheliyo ihlangana njalo, okumele ikhunjulwe, ngoba amasimu ahambisanayo angenziwa kuphela ngaphakathi kwento, njengemagnet noma i-solenoid. Ukubheka kwangaphandle, noma kunjalo, kulungisa u-heterogeneity.

Ukutholakala kwensimu

Ngemva kokuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izinsimu ezinjengama-homogeneous and inogogous magnetic, futhi izincazelo zabo zihlaziywa, kubalulekile ukuthola ukuthi kungenzeka kanjani ukuzithola.

Okulula kakhulu kulokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okwenziwa yi-Oersted. Iqukethe ukusetshenziswa kwenaliti yamagnetic, okusiza ekunqumeni ukuba khona kwamanje kagesi. Ngokushesha nje lapho i-current ishukuthela eduze komqhubi, umcibisholo oseduze nawo uzohamba, ngenxa yokuthi kunezinkambu ezinezimo ezihlukahlukene ezingafani.

Ukusebenzisana kwabaqhubi abanamanje

Umqhubi ngamunye onamanje ugcina insimu yakhe yamagnetic, esebenza ngamandla athile esiseduze. Kuncike ekuqondeni kwamanje, abaqhubi bazokhangwa noma baphendukeke komunye nomunye. Izinsimu ezisuka emithonjeni ehlukene zizofaka phezulu bese zakha insimu eyodwa elandelayo.

Zidalwa kanjani futhi zenzani?

Izibonelo zezinsizakalo ze-magnetic ezingahambelani nezinambuzane ezisetshenziswe kumadivayisi we-electron zezinsimbi zidalwe ngamakhoyili adlula amanje. Ukuze sithole isimo esifunayo se-magnetic field, sisebenzisa i-laths nezikrini zamagnetic ezenziwe ngezinto ezibonakalayo ezinamandla okwenza amandla amakhulu.

Ithonya lamasimu angenakuvumelanisa angashintsha inkambo yezimo ezingenakuguquka zesimo se-physico-chemicals, ikakhulukazi inqubo engavamile. Ukubonakala komsakazo ovunguzayo kuholela ekwandiseni imiyalo eminingana yezinga eliphezulu lokuhamba kwegesi kunoma yiluphi uketshezi olusenhla ngesimo se-microbubbles. Umphumela wokudambiswa kwamanzi kwe-ions kanye nezinhlayiyana zendawo kungenxa yokuqinisa inqubo ye-microcrystallization. Emithonjeni egelezayo, ukuphendula okukhulu kwamandla kungakha ama-radicals mahhala, i-oksijeni yomoya, ama-peroxide nama-nitrogenous compounds. Kukhona i-coagulation, futhi emanzini kukhona imikhiqizo ebangelwa ukubhujiswa kokukhukhula.

Ngesikhathi i-hydrodynamic cavitation, inani elikhulu lamabhulebhu nezinkomo zokuvuthwa ezikhulayo ziyanqanda ukukhishwa kwabo ngamanzi avela endaweni yengcindezi enciphise endaweni yokucindezela okukhulu, lapho kuqhuma khona amabhuloho. Ngesikhathi ukuwa kwebhola encane kunezinga elincane lomoya kanye nokuphendula okunamandla kwamakhemikhali kwenzeka, kufana nokukhishwa kwe-plasma. Ukutholakala kwezinsimu ezingenakuvumelanisa kuholela emiphandleni engazinzile, ukubola kwawo nokubonakala kwamadodakazi amancane kanye nama-bubbles. Uma sicabanga ukuthi ukucindezelwa phakathi kwendawo enjalo iyancipha, kuguqula ama-gas bubbles amancane.

Ngesikhathi sokulinganisa kokungeniswa kwensimu engavamile, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi amavolomu eHholo alingana nenani elilinganiselwe lokufakelwa kwensimu ngaphakathi kwendawo engaphansi komshini we-transducer.

Ukuze ugxile emigodini ye-paraxial, amasimu amancane angenayo amakhemikhali amancane, ama-solenoids amaningi aphezulu, abuye asebenzise ubude bawo obulingana nobubanzi bawo. E-electron ewela ensimini enjalo, kunezimbangela ezishintsha isiqondiso sayo. I-electron ngaphansi kwethonya lombuso onjalo lifinyelela emkhathini we-lens, futhi indiza lapho i-trajectory yayo ikhona khona igobile. I-electron ihamba eceleni kwesigaba esikhanyayo esithinta i-axis ye-lens endaweni ethile.

Isici sendawo sokwanda sibangelwa ukusabalalisa kwendawo yezinsimu ezingenakuqhathaniswa endaweni yesimiso esinqunyiwe, uketshezi olusulwayo. Ukuze uthole ukuguquguquka kwabantu kwamanqanaba ngendlela yokuhlukanisa, amasimu angafani ahlanganiswe umshini we-multiband asetshenziswa. Ukuma kwezigxobo kufana nezinduku ku-quadrupole capacitor ye-generator ye-molecular on ammonia.

Izindlela zokusebenzisa

Indlela ye-magnetic-order yokuthola iphutha isekelwe ekudoneni kwezinhlayiyana zamagnetic ngamandla ezinsimu ezingenakuqhamuka ezibonakala ngenhla kweziphambeko. Ngokuqoqwa kwe-powder enjalo, ukutholakala kwesici, ubukhulu bayo nesimo esiyingxenye ehloliwe kucaciswa.

Ukulimala okubalulekile kwendlela yezimiso zamangqamuzana kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasimu amakhulu amancane angenawo amandla yindlela encane yokuhlukanisa. Kukhona indlela elula futhi engabonakali engabonakali yokwandisa lo mphumela. Iqukethe ekusetshenzisweni kwensimu yangaphandle evumayo yamagnetic. Lezi zinsuku zizokwenza ukwandise ukusetshenziswa kwamagnetometers we-nuclear nyukliya ngokubhekiselele emasimini amancane angenawo amandla.

Inzuzo yale ndlela iwukuxazulula okuphezulu, okwenza kube lula ukulungisa amasimu angenakuvumelanisa ngokuhambisana nenani lezinhlayiya zendwangu yamagnetic we-tape, kanye nokuthi kungenzeka ukutholakala umonakalo ezindaweni eziyinkimbinkimbi nasezivulelweni eziseduze.

Ukungalungi kuyisidingo sokwenziwa kolwazi lwesibili, kuphela izinhlayiya zamaginethi ezihambisana ne-tape zizinzile, ukulungiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-demagnetization kanye ne-tape kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kubalulekile ukuvimbela ithonya lamasimu angaphandle.

Insimu ye-magnetic iyenzeka ngokungafani futhi iyingqayizivele yenzeke, naphezu kokuthi ayibonakali kumuntu ovamile emgwaqweni. Izibonelo ze-field magnetic ehambelanayo ne-inhomogene zingatholakala kumagnetti ne-solenoids. Kulesi simo, ungawaqaphela usebenzisa inaliti elula yamagnetic noma i-iron filings.