Inkulumo ethi "uhlukanise futhi umthetho" owathi, uyazi? Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ka "uhlukanise futhi umthetho" futhi abaqondiswa lesi simiso?

Esinye sezimiso zezombusazwe yesenzo mayelana izitha wangaphandle ngaso sonke isikhathi kuba ucingo: "Hlukanisa futhi anqobe" Ngubani washo la mazwi, izimo lapho bazalelwa nendlela umthwalo wabo semantic kushintshiwe phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, manje zama ukuqonda. Futhi cabanga amamodeli we uthi, okuyinto, cishe ekhuluma, amenable kulesi sitatimende, bese uzama ukulandelela Yiqiniso zomlando imicimbi ngaphakathi kwemingcele yabo.

Lapho benza la mazwi, kuthe uma

Ukuze uqale, zama lokumba kakhulu umsuka eside uqobo, "Hlukanisa futhi nqoba." Owathi kahle ziyavezwa, njengoba ibinzana ngokwaso injalo elicwengekileyo uvele imithombo esithile somthetho esilotshiwe kuphela ekhulwini le-19. Wayekhona encwadini umbhali German Genriha Geyne, lapho uveza ukuthi ngokokuqala ibinzana azishilo umbusi abadumile yaseMakedoniya uPhilip, uyise Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Nokho, bathi lesi simiso luyingxenye okubonakalayo ngokwepolitiki kulezi zindlela isinqumo elite Macedonian ngalezo zikhathi ezikude kunzima, njengoba kwakunjalo nakwamanye amazwe amaningi aye akhona endulo. Ngokwesibonelo, ngokuvumelana version standard, izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi inqubomgomo sinjalo isikhundla eyisisekelo kwezombangazwe okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, njengoba kakhulu inkulumo ethi «ukuhlukana et impera» e imithombo iningi umsindo Lubhalwe ngesiLatini. Kukholakala ukuthi kwakuyizwi ifomu evamile uhulumeni iSigele SaseRoma, credo yabo yokuphila.

Likuphi lapho kwazalelwa khona eside?

Njengoba la mazwi abe isiphephelo zezombusazwe ukuba izizwe eziningi ezibe kumephu emhlabeni ngenhla, abantu kulezi zinsuku eziningi ubhalwe kabusha kubo ekhasini kuba nomlando wayo. Nokho, cabangela enye inguqulo wokuzwana ibinzana "uhlukanise futhi nqoba". Ubani washo la mazwi, ukwazi isiFulentshi, noma okungenani abacabanga ukuthi bayakwazi. Ngokusho kwabo kwaba Korol Lyudovik XI ekuphileni kwakhe (futhi waphila futhi abusa ngekhulu le-15) Wathi: «Diviser uthele regner», okuyinto uhumusha njengoba "ukuhlukana ukubusa".

Nokho, ekhulwini le-19, le nkulumo kancane okushintshiwe njengoba isazi sefilosofi French Per Zhozef Prudon, nithi kunesiteleka "ukuhlukana futhi anqobe" ngesiLatini. Wayevame ukumklolodela leli gama, bethi ingxenye, uzoba ocebile, uzoba yinkosi, uzokwazi ukuba anqobe bonke abantu futhi begcona ubulungiswa.

ngaphandle Kunalokho nakuba

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ngokuvumelana yonke imithombo ekhona documentary, lokhu ekwakhiweni bezombangazwe bangase izimpande lasendulo. "Hlukanisa futhi anqobe" iyisiLatini okokuqala kwakuzwakala kusukela izindebe kwaba engumFulentshi Proudhon, futhi kuwo wonke amadokhumenti nemithetho ephathelene kwesikhathi okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma, la mazwi akuyona. Into kuphela eyenza mlando cabanga yokuthi lolu lwazi wayemane elahlekile, ngakho-ke kutfotjelwa la mazwi Isigele inqubomgomo ngokwawo lasendulo. Phela, uMbuso WaseRoma ngaleso sikhathi enqoba isimo, okuyinto kwahluka izici separatist nomphakathi. Kuyinto lamagama ngefomu yabo eqondile noma ingasebenza modified aba isisekelo kwezombangazwe bonke ababusi kanye liphethwe we namandla akhe amakhulu.

Incazelo okushiwo igama wezifundo zezombusazwe

Uma sikhuluma lesi sitatimende kuphela ezingeni theory, okungukuthi, ukuchaza isimiso ukusebenza kwawo, izisekelo kanye izimfanelo, ungakwazi ukufinyelela eziphethweni ezilandelayo. Political isimiso "uhlukanise futhi nqoba" kuyinto ifomu ibhodi eNgophezukonke ikakhulukazi kulawo mazwe lapho yakhiwa izingxenye ezahlukene. Lezi zingxenye, kungazisiza zihluka lichaza ekwakheni yobuhlanga sabantu, isiko kanye namasiko, noma ngisho ngokuzalwa (uma isimo yakhiwa zangaphambili ezikhona amazwe ahlukene ukuthi zanqotshwa abase umuntu oyedwa). Lokhu uthi inqubomgomo ukugcina "into enkulu" enjalo zingalawulwa kuphela ngokulondoloza ingxabano njalo phakathi kwawo wonke amaqembu akhona ku amandla. Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi iningi leli qhinga sicashile, ukuthi okuwukususa izingxabano nokugcina ezingeni zezombangazwe nezenhlalo iqhutshwa imfihlo. ngendlela zomgunyathi kuleyo iziphathimandla bazibandakanye wendawo kanye abavamile.

Lisho ukuthini igama elithi ka "uhlukanise futhi umthetho" emlandweni?

Ukubuka zezenzakalo ezenzeka ngesikhathi esingaphansi koMbuso WamaRoma, kungaba kakhulu ngokunembile ukulandelela isimiso samazwi idatha. Amazwe ukuthi ebenilalela abantu basendulo Latin, ngokuvamile zalwa internecine impi, ayegcina kokuhlupheka nebantfu besive izizinda ezahlukene, imiphakathi ahlukene namasiko. Phakathi kwabo isibonelo enhle kakhulu yiGibithe, eye yanqoba ngokuphelele umakhelwane ulwandle yayo enyakatho. Kuningi okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma yayilokhu izidlela nje lezi naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Cishe zonke-Mediterranean Eastern kuyinto anawo liphethwe ngesikhathi, futhi kanjalo izibhelu yabo yombango eyathatha nokushintshashintsha kwanezelwa njengoba counterweight namanje namasiko Roman, inkolo, amasiko kanye isimiso sezombangazwe sakhona.

Kanjani lesi simiso usebenza osukwini lwethu

Ngokusho isayensi yesimanje zezombusazwe, mhlawumbe onamandla kunayo futhi enamandla ukuphatha namaqembu amakhulu wabantu - lena theory owawuzwakala sengathi "ukuhlukana futhi anqobe". Owathi ukuthi echibi elikhulu ungakwazi ukuwunqoba iqembu elincane labantu abasendaweni yombuso? Kunjalo, kuba lula kakhulu ukuphatha amaqembu athile abantu, okubonisa nomunye ukubaluleka kwabo futhi ephakeme kunabanye, kancane kancane uyokwazi ukukhuluma ucede imithombo yabo, ngakho-ke, ngeke babe buthakathaka kancane kancane. Sabalalisa zonke esifundeni iziphathimandla zendawo (njengoba yake amaRoma esimisiwe ezifundazweni zabo liphethwe), okuyizinto ngokugcwele kuncike kuhulumeni, kuba lula kakhulu ukulawula konke futhi wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kokwesaba yokuhlubuka.

ifomu okunjalo kuhulumeni - ekusithekeni, Nokho, ifomu siyenzeka emazweni amaningi ezinkulu embulungeni yethu.

Kanjani izwe lethu eziyinkimbinkimbi ...

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlukana futhi anqobe ababusi waqala kusukela kwasungulwa isimo njengoba enjalo, futhi lesi simo uyalandelwa kuzo zonke izifunda zomhlaba. Singasho siqiniseka ngokugcwele ukuthi leli qhinga yiyona izici zezombangazwe, zenhlalo nezengqondo lwesivikelo ngawo hhayi kuphela ezikhona, kodwa futhi ukuthuthukisa uthi esikhulu imibuso yezwe. Umgomo we "Hlukanisa futhi anqobe" kusobala kakhulu labo imiphakathi lapho ukuncintisana namanye amathathu noma elunge umkhaya ngamunye, inani elikhulu imiphakathi, ngamunye ephethe umlando walo kanye namasiko.

I nakuba kakhulu uyavumelana nale sitatimende, futhi kubahlanganyeli mncintiswano. Njengoba ziyizidalwa zonke ngaphansi kohlelo olubizwa ngokuthi i-isihloko esisodwa kuphela, akekho ongaphendula abe kuqala ephakeme kanye best kule mpi engapheli ngenxa yamakhaza. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi yena iwina "jikelele" amandla - uquqaba lwabantu kanye nabamele ohulumeni bezindawo akasoze avukele ke. Bamatasa kakhulu nomunye ubufakazi ngokuhlathulula ukusebenza kwawo nokuthi ibaluleke ngani.

Thatha sihlolisise ngokuseduze izwe ngalinye, izifunda zalo nezigodi - futhi ngokuqinisekile uzothola zonke, lokhu kuqhekeka kwamasiko phezu omkhulu obusa umuntu inkosi ehlakaniphile.