Inhlangano, ngokungafani nemvelo, i ... Imvelo nomphakathi: ukufana nokuhluka

Inhlangano iyisigaba esilandelayo ekuthuthukiseni impucuko yabantu emva kwemvelo. Zombili lezi zici zingabhekwa njengento. Kodwa-ke, umphakathi, ngokungafani nemvelo, uqhubekela phambili ekufezeni ukutholakala kwawo. Njengoba iqhubeka nenqubekela phambili yayo, ihlukaniswa kakhulu nemvelo yokuqala.

Umqondo wemvelo nomphakathi

Ubunye babo kanye nokungafani kwabo kunqunywe ukuxhumana okungafani: umphakathi ngenxa yokusebenzisana komuntu kunokwenzeka ukuthi usuka emvelweni kunokwenzeka, kodwa uyaqhubeka uyancika futhi uyithonya ngandlela-thile.

Isiqubulo: Imvelo

Incazelo ecacisiwe kunazo zonke yemvelo yiyona yonke izwe elizungezile, elibandakanya izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene kanye nokubonakaliswa. Kukhona ngaphandle kokuqonda komuntu futhi akuxhomeki kuyo, okwenza kube yinto engokoqobo yento engokoqobo. Kodwa-ke, uma sicabangela ukusebenzisana phakathi kwemvelo nomphakathi, kufanele sihlukanise, futhi incazelo ecacile yomqondo wokuqala "yiyona yonke into engeyona inhlalo - ingxenye yezwe elibonakalayo, elinezimo zemvelo zokuphila."

Isiqubulo: umphakathi

Kanti, umphakathi udala izimo zomuntu zokuphila nokuthuthukiswa. Ibizwa ngokuthi imvelo yezenhlalakahle, okuyiqiniso, kodwa hhayi eqinisweni ngokuphelele, ngoba inhlalakahle ifana nomphakathi. UKarl Marx uchaze ngokucacile leli gama ngokuthi ukusebenzisana kwabantu, okubonisa ngokugcwele umgomo womphakathi. Umuntu uhlala emphakathini, ukhuluma kuwo, udala umndeni futhi wakhe umsebenzi, wenza imisebenzi yobuciko namasiko, futhi ujabulele izinzuzo zawo, kuyinto ebalulekile ohlelweni lokukhiqiza okuhlangene kwezimpahla namasevisi.

Amanani amabili

Umphakathi uchazwa ngezindlela ezimbili ezihlukene: kumqondo obanzi futhi omncane wezwi.

• Owokuqala uyingxenye yezwe elibonakalayo, "elingelona uhlobo".
• Owesibili yiqembu lezenhlalakahle noma isigaba esithile sokuthuthukiswa (ngokomlando).

Kulula ukuqagela ukuthi ngaphakathi kohlaka lwesihloko esicatshangelwe, ukunakwa kugxile kwincazelo yokuqala.

Society and Nature

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwemvelo nomphakathi wukuthi owokuqala unokwemvelo, ozimele wabantu, owavela esikhathini esingaphambili, kuyilapho lesi senzakalo singumcimbi wezenhlalakahle kuphela. Bathi umphakathi uyingxenye yezwe. Okungukuthi, umthombo wayo usengokwemvelo, ngoba wadalwa ngabantu, izidalwa eziphilayo.

Ukubukwa kwefilosofi emvelweni

Kunezinhlangothi ezimbili eziphezulu kakhulu, eziphambene nombono wokubheka, ukuveza imibono emvelweni njengehlelo. Omunye wabo umelela njengesiyaluyalu, umbuso wengozi ongawulaleli imithetho. Futhi enye, ngokuphambene nalokho, ichaza ukuthi imithetho lapho konke ukusebenzelana kwemvelo kunzima kakhulu futhi kunembile, kodwa futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi. Yingakho umuntu, njengengxenye yawo, alalela lo mbuso, kodwa awukwazi ukuwuqonda ngokugcwele.

Ngokombono wesibili kukhona ubufakazi obuqinile ngendlela yokuvumelana kwemvelo yemvelo. Akumangalisi ukuthi abantu abadalwa nabo baye bazama ukumlingisa njalo: baphefumulelwe izinto, bathatha imibono, bafunda amaphethini, bawasebenzise ukuze bazuze.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi, noma kunjalo, imvelo yayingabonwa ngaso sonke isikhathi njengomgomo womsebenzi womkhiqizo okhiqizayo. I-Antiquity ifuna ukuba nayo inqubo eyodwa, futhi ihlose nje njengento yokubona.

Imvelo - isisekelo somphakathi

Kusukela ekubukeni kwethonya kumuntu, izindleko zomphakathi ngaphezu kwezinto eziphilayo. Kodwa isilinganiso sokucubungula umsebenzi obalulekile wendawo ngayinye kulezi zindlela zivame ukuthanda imvelo. Kuba ngesisekelo semvelo.

Umphakathi, ngokungafani nemvelo, udala isimo sengqondo sokuziphatha, senza njengento yokuziphatha yokuthuthukiswa komuntu ngamunye. Kodwa umsebenzi wayo wokuphila uhlanganiswe ngokungenakuqhathaniswa nezinto zendalo. Ngakho-ke, imvelo yinto yomsebenzi, kanye nomgcinimafa wezinto zokukhiqiza impahla (isibonelo, amaminerali afanayo). Uma umphakathi ungahlali ngokuzumayo, uzoqhubeka usebenza. Kodwa hhayi enye indlela ezungezile.

Ukuphikisana kobuhlobo phakathi kwemvelo nomphakathi

Ngokuthuthukiswa komphakathi, abantu bayazama ukuqala ukulawula imvelo. Njengamanje, ithole isilinganiso seplanethi. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuphazanyiswa kwalezi zinsuku kuyaqhubeka kubonakala.

Isibonelo, ukukhiqizwa komphakathi ngokuvamile kuvumi ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi isitatimende "asifani nemvelo, umphakathi uyisimiso" ayiphutha ngokuyisisekelo, ngenxa yokuthi imvelo yindlela ephelele lapho isici esisodwa siholela kwenye. Ukuzama ukuthonya ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yemvelo ngendlela enhle, i-"butterfly effect" eyaziwayo iholela embi kwesinye. Umlingiswa wezinhlobo zemvelo kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zefomu zawo akuqedi iqiniso lokuthi lilodwa. Futhi umonakalo owenziwe kuye (ngezinye izikhathi ngamabomu, ngezinye izikhathi ngeso lengqondo ubuwula), ekugcineni uphenduka izinkinga zokuthuthukiswa komphakathi uqobo.

Imithetho yemvelo nomphakathi: ubunye kanye nokuhluka

Umphumela wemigomo yemithetho yomphakathi kanye nomphakathi, kanye neqiniso elingenakuphikwa ukuthi ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile ezidingekayo, kuchaza ubunye bawo. Lokhu kubonakala kungakhathaliseki izifiso nezenzo zomuntu: kokubili kutholakala ngaphandle kokuqonda komuntu ngamunye kanye nesintu njengamanye, akusho neze ukuhlobana ukuthi bayazi, baqonde, bazi noma bazama ukwazi.

Umehluko emkhatsini wemithetho yemvelo kanye nemphakatsi ihambisana nesikhathi: esimweni sokuqala sihlala phakade noma, okungenani, isikhathi eside. Kwesibili, lokhu kuyinto engapheli.

Lokhu kuchazwa kalula: imithetho yomphakathi yadalwa lapho iqala khona, futhi iphelalala nayo.

Umphakathi ukhula ngaphansi kwethonya lokuphila kwesintu, okungaqondanga kahle imithetho emisha. Imvelo ingakwazi ukuthuthukisa "eyedwa".

Ubumbano bubonakala:

• Ezenzweni zomzimba, njengoba umuntu engxenyeni yemvelo;
• Isakhiwo, ngoba umphakathi uyindlela yokuhlalisana komphakathi;
• Ukusebenza, ngoba ukukhona komphakathi ongaphandle kwemvelo akunakwenzeka.

Umehluko ubonakala phakathi:

• Imithetho yokusebenza nokuthuthukiswa (ngaphansi kwethonya lomuntu / ngaphandle kwethonya lakhe);
• Imilolo yemvelo;
• Ukuphikisana;
• Izinga lobunzima.

Izinga lobunzima

Inhlangano, ngokungafani nemvelo, ilawulwa yimithetho yendlela ephakeme yokuhamba kwendaba. Ifomu elingaphansi, yebo, libuye lisebenzise ithonya layo, kepha alinqumi ukuthi yiziphi izinto ezenzeka emphakathini. Njengoba nje imithetho ye biology, mechanics kanye ne-physics engabambi iqhaza ekusungulweni komuntu njengomuntu yikhono lomthelela wezenhlalakahle.

Society and Culture

Amasiko yimbono eqondile yomphakathi. Lesi simo, esichaza umphakathi, futhi singenakuxhumana ngokungahambisani nalokhu: okunye akunakwenzeka ngaphandle komunye.

Futhi kuyisici esinqumayo esihlokweni esicatshangelwayo: ngokungafani nemvelo, umphakathi udala isiko. Ngenxa yalokho, lokhu kuyinto eyenziwe ngabantu, izinga eliphakeme lokuthuthukiswa ngokomoya. Phela, umuntu kuphela ongadala - nje umuntu ophilayo akakwazi ukwenza isenzo esinjalo.

Amasiko yinto eyingqayizivele, ifa lama-ethnos namazwe okuyiwona, isitsha sokugcinwa komlando, indlela yokuziveza. Unendawo yokuzikhiqiza yona. Indoda nayo isebenza njengomdali wayo, umgcini wayo, umthengi wayo kanye nomthengisi wayo.

Izinga eliphezulu lamasiko likhombisa izinga eliphezulu lokuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi imvelo imangalisa kangakanani ekuhlanganiseni kwayo okumangalisayo kwezindiza, ayizange ifinyelele ezingeni elinjalo elingokomoya - ngaphezu kwalokho, ayiguquki kule ndlela. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umphakathi unomthelela kangakanani kanye nemvelo, umehluko nokufanana phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili kuncishiswa ukuba kube yikcubeko.

Ubuhlobo be-Causal

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuhlanganisana komunye nomunye kunembile ngokunembile, ngakho-ke kuyamangalisa kakhulu: imvelo isisekelo somphakathi, umphakathi uyisisekelo senkambiso. Futhi ngayinye yemiqondo ngayinye inempahla yokuzikhiqiza.

Ukucabanga nokusebenza

Umphakathi, ngokungafani nemvelo, uqhubeka ngendlela eqondisiwe. Umuntu, osebenza njengethuluzi lakhe eliyinhloko, ubizwa ukuba aqonde izinqubo ezenzeka emphakathini ukuze enze izilungiso kuzo. Unelungelo lokwenza lokhu, ngoba uyingxenye yalo, futhi, nakanjani, umdali wakhe. Awekho amalungelo afanayo emkhakheni wethonya emvelweni. Yingakho lapho abantu bethi umphakathi nomvelo kunemibono elandelayo, okokuqala bakhumbula ngomuntu - abe yi-biosocial, kubandakanya kokubili.

Ukubambisana komphakathi kanye nemvelo

Ukubonakaliswa kokubambisana komphakathi kanye nemvelo kuyinkimbinkimbi yemvelo. Lokhu sekushiwo kakade kulesi sihloko: umuntu akafundile ukusebenzisa ubunye bemithetho yezinhlelo ezimbili ukuze kuzuze yena noma omunye wabo, kodwa futhi kokubili. Akabheka imvelo njengendlela ephelele, ngakho-ke izenzo zakhe zinomthelela omubi: ngokungahambisani nemimoya yomphakathi, amandla emvelo umuntu angakwazi ukuwenza, kepha angakwazi ukubhekana nawo. Inkinga yemvelo ayiyona inkinga kuphela, kodwa futhi iyisihluthulelo sesisombululo sayo.