Ingabe ayeke kanjani? unyawo lomuntu ithambo nokwakheka

Unyawo siqukethe Ezansi esitho engezansi. Omunye ezinhlangothini zalo, lowo luthelwe ebusweni phansi, ubizwa ngokuthi kuphela, futhi okuphambene, elingenhla - emuva. Sakhiwo ezithathekayo, nokunwebeka kanye nezimo ne ayizindunduma esiyingelezini sezulu phezulu uye ukuyeka. Anatomy futhi lo mumo kwenza kube uyakwazi yokusabalalisa amandla adonsela phansi, ukunciphisa uthuthumele uma uhamba, ukuzivumelanisa semfene, sifinyelele Gait bushelelezi futhi ukuma nokunwebeka.

It wenza umsebenzi asekelayo, ithwala lonke isisindo umuntu futhi ngokuhlanganyela nezinye izingxenye unyawo ushukumisela umzimba emkhathini.

ngezinyawo amathambo

Ngokuthakazelisayo, izinyawo womuntu zitholakala ingxenye yesine yayo yonke amathambo omzimba wakhe. Ngakho, ngo-ngonyawo olulodwa zikhona amathambo amabili nesithupha. Ngezinye izikhathi kuyenzeka ukuthi usana olusanda kuzalwa has ngaphezu amathambo ambalwa. Zibizwa ngokuthi ayahambelana futhi ngokuvamile musa ibange inkathazo kumniniyo.

Uma kukhona ithambo ezilimele lonke inqubo unyawo uzohlupheka. womuntu unyawo ithambo anatomy siqukethe izigaba zezizwe ezintathu: i-waseTarsu, metatarsus neminwe.

Ingxenye yokuqala siqukethe amathambo ayisikhombisa, okungamehlo ahlelwe imigqa emibili: ngemuva yakhiwa talus futhi calcaneus, kanye phambi - we navicular, cuboid, futhi abathathu nhlonhlo.

Ngamunye wabo emalungeni okuyinto ukuxhuma ndawonye.

Anatomy of the ematheni onyawo kuze kufike ihlanganisa metatarsus, okubandakanya amathambo ezinhlanu iDemo ijabulise. Ngamunye wabo has a base, ekhanda nasemzimbeni.

Zonke iminwe, ngaphandle isithupha, babe phalanges ezintathu (elikhulu amabili). Bonke kakhulu mfushane, futhi umunwe kancane phalange phakathi abantu abaningi okuhlanganisiwe ne nail.

ngezinyawo amalunga omzimba

anatomy ngokuhlanganyela emelelwa amathambo amabili noma oxhumene ngaphezulu. Uma ukugula ke kukhona ubuhlungu eqinile. Ngaphandle kwawo, umzimba ngeke ikwazi ukuthutha, ngoba sibonga emalungeni amathambo Ungashintsha isikhundla isihlobo komunye nomunye.

Ngokuphathelene isihloko sethu isithakazelo tibia anatomy senyawo, futhi kuyinto ngokuhlanganyela exhumanisa umlenze esiphansi kanye unyawo. It has ifomu ginglymoid. Uma umonakalo ohamba, ukugijima ingasaphathwa kuzokwenza eziningi ubuhlungu. Ngakho-ke, umuntu uqala ukuba manqikanqika, ethwele isisindo esikhulu emlenzeni elimele. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi izihambisimshini izitho ezimbili ngobugebengu.

, Kumiswa elinye sicatshangelwe njengoba kulindelwe lesizinda joint subtalar is ebusweni ezingemuva uxhumano isithende ebusweni ezingemuva talus. Lapho Ukujikeleza kakhulu unyawo bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene ngeke isebenze kahle.

Kodwa Wedge-navicular ngokuhlanganyela kungaba, ngokwezinga elithile, olungaba isinxephezelo le nkinga, ikakhulukazi uma kuyinto yesikhashana. Nokho, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kungase kube sokugembula.

sebuhlungwini obunzima, okuyinto okuthwala imvelo eside, kwenzeka metatarsophalangeal amalunga omzimba. Ingcindezi enkulu ewela ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu proximal we isithupha. Ngakho-ke, kuba kakhulu ukulimala kungenzeka zokugula - samathambo, sifo, kanye nezinye izinto.

Phansi kukhona nezinye amalunga omzimba. Nokho, lezi ezine kungathonyeka kakhulu, njengoba babe nethonya elikhulu kakhulu uma uhamba.

Emisipheni nasemalungeni senyawo

Le ngxenye anatomy emelelwa imisipha nesishiyagalolunye ezahlukene, ngenxa nokuxhumana lapho unyawo Ungahambisa. Overvoltage noma, kunalokho, nokungathuthuki kubonakala kuzo ngenxa ikhono ukushintsha isikhundla amathambo imisipha, futhi ukuthatha isinyathelo emalungeni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma amathambo ukuthi kukhona okungalungile, khona-ke ngokuqinisekile kuthinte imisipha unyawo.

Anatomy esitho siqukethe plantar kanye nomlenze imisipha.

Ngenxa izinzwane lokuqala ezihambayo. Imisipha elise bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene, ngokusiza ekuligcineni nemengamo longitudinal futhi transverse.

Lokhu injongo wakhonza, futhi imisipha shin, imisipha anamekwe amathambo unyawo. Lena phambili posterior tibial, peroneal eside. Kusukela amathambo umlenze zivela labo unbend futhi ungagobisi izinzwane. Kubalulekile ukuthi imisipha ziye welulela umlenze unyawo. Anatomy okokugcina uzobe kangcono imizwa kunokuyicindezela lapho kukhona state njalo ekhululekile, njengoba kungenjalo unyawo kungaba cabaza, okuholela izinyawo flat.

Imisipha kanye nemisipha

Imisipha anamekwe amathambo esebenzisa imicu yemisipha, ehlanganisa kukhona ukuqhubeka kwabo. Ziyakwazi okuhlala, zivumelanise nezimo futhi ube ukukhanya. Uma yokwelula imisipha nebutho umkhawulo yadluliselwa umsipha, ongaba elikhanyayo uma ngokweqile sisalokhu.

Nemisipha kukhona kwezicubu nezimo, kodwa inelastic. Basuke etholakala emhlabeni ngokuhlanganyela, ukugcina futhi yokuxhuma amathambo. Lapho umthelela umunwe, isibonelo, kubangelwe edema sisalokhu noma umsipha zidabukile.

uqwanga

Uqwanga ihlanganisa imikhawulo amathambo e ilunga site indawo. Ungakwazi ngokucacile ebona le nto emhlophe imikhawulo amathambo inkukhu emlenzeni - lena uqwanga.

Ngenxa yakhe evele ithambo kuba sengathi bushelelezi. Ngaphandle uqwanga, umzimba ngeke bakwazi ukuhambisa ngokushelela namathambo kufanele kube ngokumelene nomunye abangu ishaya ngamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuzwa ubuhlungu kabi ngoba ukuvuvukala yabo njalo.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

Ngezinyawo, kukhona Umthambo amaphiko kanye tibial posterior. Kuyinto umfula oyinhloko, okumelelwe ngezinyawo. Anatomy of the isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi nayo emelelwa imithambo ezincane ukuthi kudlulisa igazi bese ku zonke izicubu. Nge enganele-mpilo ukuhlinzeka kuphakama izinkinga ezinkulu. Lezi imithambo isuswa inhliziyo kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuzungeza iziyaluyalu zenzeka ngokuyinhloko kulezo zindawo. Lokhu ungaboniswa isifo sokuqina kwemithambo yegazi kanye ukuqina kwemithambo yegazi.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi imithambo athwala igazi enhliziyweni. Omude kunayo yonke owake wabo aphethwe isithupha kubo bonke ubuso engaphakathi imilenze. Ibizwa ngokuthi vein omkhulu saphenous. Ngaphandle ngendlela abafundi abaphumelela ngayo encane saphenous. Anterior kanye tibial posterior elise ezijulile. emithanjeni Small zimatasa ukuqoqa igazi emilenzeni futhi sihamba yona enkulu. kwemithambo emincane elicwile izicubu igazi. A capillary imithambo ezihambisana nawo emithanjeni.

Izithombe zibonisa anatomy senyawo. Photo futhi libonisa indawo imithambo yegazi.

Labo unezinkinga kwegazi, ngokuvamile esekhala esisesigabeni ukuvuvukala ntambama, ikakhulukazi uma isikhathi esiningi saluchitha izinyawo noma ngemva air travel. Ngokuvamile kukhona isifo efana varicose emithanjeni.

Uma imilenze yakho kukhona ushintsho ibala kanye lokushisa, kanye samanje ukuvuvukala, kuba izimpawu likwenza kucace ukuthi umuntu enenkinga kwegazi. Nokho, uphethwe yini noma kunjalo ukubeka Uchwepheshe ubani odinga ukubhekana uma ithola izimpawu ngenhla.

izinzwa

Izinzwa zidlulisela zonke emizweni ebuchosheni imisipha control. Umsebenzi esifanayo ukubavimba. Anatomy lala mafu uvezwa ke zinhlobo ezine: tibial posterior, peroneal ezijulile, peroneal olukha phezulu futhi izinzwa sural.

Izifo kule ngxenye nasemilenzeni kungadalwa liphezulu kakhulu ingcindezi lokukhanda. Nerve kokucindezelwa kungaba, isibonelo, izicathulo eduze, okubangela kuvela ukuvuvukala. Lokhu, kuzoholela nengcindezi enamandla, ukuba ndikindiki nobuhlungu noma umuzwa ongavamile ukungakhululeki.

imisebenzi

Uma wafunda anatomy senyawo, isakhiwo ezinye kwezitho zawo, ungakwazi ukuya ngqo kwimisebenzi zayo.

1. Ngenxa ukuhamba alo, umuntu kalula ukuzivumelanisa evele ezahlukene lapho uhamba. Uma kungenjalo, ngeke zikwazi ukwenza, nasemgwaqweni ziwile.

2. Umzimba zingasuswa bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene: phambili, emaceleni emuva.

3. Iningi umthwalo amuncwa le ngxenye ethile umlenze. Uma kungenjalo, Wakhe ingcindezi kakhulu kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, futhi iyonke.

Izifo ezivame kakhulu

izifo ezifana izinyawo flat ingaqala uma ukuphila umzimba. Kuyinto transverse kanye longitudinal.

Esimweni sokuqala it is isicaba yokusetshenziswa lwaleli futhi forefoot uhlezi phezu izinhloko metatarsal amathambo (esimweni esejwayelekile, kumele isekelwe kuphela ngowokuqala nelesihlanu). Esimeni sesibili isicaba, ngokulandelana, lwaleli longitudinal, ngenxa okuyinto wonke ematheni kuyinto nabo ebusweni. Kulesi isifo, imilenze usukhathele ngokushesha kakhulu futhi wazizwa ubuhlungu ezinyaweni zakhe.

Esinye isifo ovamile uwukuthi osteoarthritis we ngokuhlanganyela iqakala. Kulokhu, kukhona ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, kanye ziwe kule ndawo. Ukuthuthukiswa sifo umonakalo uqwanga, okungaholela deformity ngokuhlanganyela.

Ayikho izinzwane bungavami arthritic. Kulokhu kukhona ukuphazamiseka kwegazi futhi umzimba izinqubo emalungeni metatarsophalangeal. Izimpawu zesifo - kungcono ubuhlungu lapho ezihambayo, crunching, umunwe ukuvuvukala, ngisho kungaba anatomy neminwe iphazamiseke senyawo (ukusonteka).

Abantu abaningi abazi wazi ngokuzibonela ukuthi yini a Bump ngasesinqeni se isithupha. Isimo olusemthethweni wezokwelapha okuthiwa deformity hallux, lapho ikhanda ihamba amathambo phalangeal. Kulokhu, imisipha iwohloka kancane kancane futhi isithupha waqala ukuncika kolunye bese sikhubazekile unyawo.

Le ngxenye anatomy esitho engezansi ibonisa ukubaluleka kwayo ubunjalo futhi zisebenza kahle. Ucwaningo we isakhiwo unyawo kwenza kube ngobumnene nesimo sayo sengqondo njengoba, ukugwema izifo ezihlukahlukene.