Impi yokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala: imiphumela

Omunye zokuchitheka kwegazi okukhulu kunakho futhi Elikhulu kunawo wonke kwakuyiSonto kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kusukela 28 July 1914 kuya ku-11 Novemba 1918. Impi yokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala Kwakuhlangenwe emazweni okuba ngingathathi hlangothi, ukuba balwe kule mpi. Kulesi ukungqubuzana ke ukuthi kwakuhileleke amazwe amathathu nesishiyagalombili, ezinhlangothini ezimbili ezimele izithakazelo coalitions ezinkulu: Entente kanye Quadruple Alliance. Block lokuqala lalihlanganisa amazwe ezifana France, i-Russia, e-England nabanye. Uhlangothi lwesibili ukungqubuzana babe-Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria, eJalimane.

izaba

Impi yokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwabangelwa sicasulwa: Kushone Franz Ferdinand, indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi Austria kanye nonkosikazi wakhe. Lokhu kwamvulela ithuba lokunikeza ukungqubuzana phakathi ezweni ethintekile neSerbia. Austria wathatha ohlangothini eJalimane, ekhulumela wakhe. Impi yokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ngomhla 28 Julayi. Kuleso senzakalo, August 1, Germany abadonsile Russia empini, kwathi ezinsukwini ezimbili kamuva impi nabasizi balo - France.

Kungani iMpi Yokuqala Umhlaba?

Impi yokuqala kweMpi Yezwe I ngo-1914 senzeka kweFrance. Kamuva, wabizwa ngokuthi "uhlanga lapho waya olwandle." Ngamunye yeqembu eliphikisayo uye wafuna ahaqe amabutho esitha kanye wathuthela ngaphesheya phambi umugqa ogwini. Ngenxa yalokho, France wakwazi ukulondoloza ukulawula yabo emadolobheni port. Inhloso ukuba ngokushesha wasithatha umyalo France Germany miscalculated. Impi yase-First World eku Front Western ngokushesha wathatha isikhundla imvelo, njengoba amabutho yasheshe yaphela nhlangothi zombili.

Kuphumelele Russia okuhlaselayo

Agasti 17 inkambo eyinhloko empini wayiswa Eastern Front. ibutho Russian lasungula okuhlukumezayo isiqondiso yaseMpumalanga Prussia. Izimpi World kule phambi ekuqaleni yimpumelelo. Iqhaza main udlalwa ngumuntu ukunqoba impi Galicia, okwaphela Aug 18. The Inkampani wathatha zindaba ngomdlandla Amazing. Ngemva kwalokhu ukunqotshwa Austria kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1914 wazama ukuba ahileleke izingxabano sina neRussia.

umbimbi okusha nabaphikisi

Ngawo lowo nyaka ngokumelene eJalimane langena impi yokulwa Japan. Waqala ujike umkhankaso siqhingi amakoloni eJalimane. Kulapha izimpi ulwandle. Umhlaba lathweswa iziqu ngo-1914 imizamo impumelelo kuzo zombili izinhlangothi zempi ukuze siphumelele izinhloso zabo. imizamo waseRussia ukusungula ulwandle izixhumanisi namazwe ahlangene futhi akuphumelelanga. I uMbuso WaseTurkey, babe ohlangothini eJalimane, wavula Caucasian Front yeBlack Sea, kanjalo ukwephula ubudlelwano amanzi yeRussia.

yezimpi ezinkulu Okokuqala Umhlaba ezakhiwa ngo-1915. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi kwaqalwa lo mkhankaso yesibili. izimpi Fierce senzeka Western Front. Bekhathazekile ngokuthi bangazixazulula kanjani, Germany neFrance wathatha imizamo akuphumelelanga ukushintsha inkambo imicimbi ukuze zihambelane nabo. Nokho, konke lokhu akuzange kwaholela imiphumela oyifunayo.

Empeleni, ngaphambili umugqa ekupheleni 1915 ayikashintshi. Kwalona French entwasahlobo okuhlukumezayo Artois, noma ukuthengiselana kwenziwe Champagne ekwindla akazange kuthinte isimo.

Ukuwohloka isimo eRussia

Ngokwe-Russian front line isimo siphakamisele futhi washintsha kungekukho okuhle. Winter okuhlaselayo kuhlulekile umzamo kuhlulekile. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kwakubangelwa ukulungiselela abampofu yebutho Russian. Futhi, baseJalimane bathuthela e-counteroffensive ehlobo. Ngenxa yalokho, bakwazi ukunqoba abavela eRussia nase-Galicia, Poland. Kukholakala ukuthi ukunqotshwa ibutho Russian kulezi izimpi kwabangelwa izinkinga esinazo ngokuhlinzeka.

Ngemva kokuba le ngxabano uhlaliseke kuphela ekwindla. Nokho, indawo kwezinhloko zamaviyo Russian futhi French kwaba uyisicekelo ekuqaleni emseleni impi.

Ngo-1915, bememezela impi ku-Austria-Hungary kulokhu kubulalana ingena Italy. Esikhathini esifanayo lo Entente sihlasela ku Bulgaria. Konke lokhu kuholela inkinga yesimo Serbian.

Impi yase-Verdun

1916 kwaphawulwa a yinkathi kwakukhona impi enkulu kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Izithombe lezi izimpi Namanje ezigcinwe ezinye iminyuziyamu ezinkulu. Verdun impi yabulala abantu abangaphezu kwenkulungwane. Yaqala lapho umzamo ukucindezela ekumelaneni eJalimane eFrance. Eduze Verdun protrusion kwathiwa amabutho main German ngokufanele. Lokhu kwakwenziwa ithemba yokwephula ekumeleleni eFrance naseNgilandi. Ngalesi impi ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa flamethrower - isikhali entsha ngesikhathi. Ngesikhathi ekuhlaseleni amabutho aseJalimane eFrance, umyalo Russian lasungula operation okuhlaselayo, okuyinto eba Western Front. Lutho, wasala amabutho aseJalimane njengoba amabutho main redeploy ukubeka okuhlaselayo amabutho Russian. Lokhu kwadambisa kakhulu isimo eFrance naseNgilandi empini. Phakathi nale nkathi, ukushayisana esebenzayo phakathi kwemibuso emikhulu yayiqhutshelwa kokubili ezweni nasolwandle. Battle of Jutland kwaba nokuphikiswa ngobukhulu phezu kwamanzi.

1917 futhi ngo-1918 kwaphawula ekunqobeni Entente. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi zonke amazwe ilungu ukungqubuzana uhlushwa kuyadamba enkulu emnothweni, kanye okwandisa kwaphinde kwaba nokungezwani kwezigodi yangaphakathi. Kule ndaba, umsebenzi wezempi wezwe yehlile. Noma kunjalo, amabutho aseJalimane bekangakamtjhiyi imizamo yabo ukushaya England ngokwenza izakhi ngoxhaxha ngwenya. Kuba sobala ukuthi Entente is elizonqoba, ngakho-ke ngaba-United States of America. IRussia ingelinye okwamanje sibhekene nezinkinga nepolitiki yangaphakathi. Iphuzu intambo babe izenzakalo kuka-October, ngemva kwalokho-ke ephuma empini. Lokhu kwashukumisela eJalimane ukuqeda Eastern Front futhi ukuphetha isivumelwano sokuthula amazwe ezifana Ukraine, eRussia, Romania. Brest ukuthula sivumelwano eqala ukusebenza izimo esindayo Russian, nokho, yena esasayinwa zombili izinhlangothi. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, ephethwe sokuqeda inkontileka.

I Zinikeleni we umqali

Germany waqhubeka ecasula. Ngokushesha wakwazi ukuba luthathe amazwe ezifana Poland, eBelarus. Kwathiwa ethunjwa aseBaltic. Ngemva uchungechunge ukunqoba, eJalimane wanquma redeploy amabutho ayo bebheke eNtshonalanga Front. Nokho, Entente sizana iyunithi waba bokuphakama ecacile lobuchwepheshe, ngokuqondene lapho amabutho aseJalimane anqotshwa. Ekupheleni kuka-1918, eJalimane yasayina umaluju olungenamkhawulo.

Ngemva kwempi, umnotho emazweni iqhaza esesimweni esibi. Encishisiwe umsebenzi izinga komnotho, ukwehla kwamazinga okuphila. Lodwa ones ababedlala ezandleni empini, babe corporations ezempi kanye monopolies.

Ukuze Russia, impi isibe kulethe eye yaba nethonya elikhulu endleleni ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha inguquko futhi ukuvela yombango.