Impahla eluhlaza for the umkhakha electrode. izinto zokusetshenziswa Main

Kumiswa electrode umkhakha, ukugcinwa kanye ukunwetshwa kulomkhakha kungenzeka kuphela emazweni iminotho ithuthukiswe. Isimo sokuqala okudalwe yilo mkhakha eJalimane, e-USA, Japan. Ngemuva kwabo ukukhiqizwa electrode waqala eSoviet Union.

Inani umkhakha

Womshini electrode ingenye imikhakha yezomnotho ezibaluleke kakhulu. Linikeza ukuzimela kwezomnotho isimo. Imboni electrode ukhonza njengomdala iyingxenye ebalulekile umkhakha esindayo - yokusansimbi ayoni futhi non-ayoni, zezindiza, isiqoqi sama-softwe, ubunjiniyela kagesi kanye electronics, amandla e-athomu kanye nezinye izimboni eziningi. Kulokhu-ke kuyadingeka ukuba ningangenisi isibonelo Japan. Phakathi nenhlekelele, izwe, yokuqeda ukukhiqizwa aluminium bese eyithumela izinto zabo ukugcinwa nokuthuthukiswa electrode umkhakha. Ngenxa yalokho, namuhla kukhona izinkampani ezingaphezu kuka-100 kulo mkhakha. abakhiqizi Domestic, naphezu kobunzima abalulekile elihlobene ne-nokuncipha ukusetshenziswa komkhiqizo siqhubeke kube isikhundla aholayo phakathi amazwe CIS. Okwamanje emakethe ukudala umncintiswano ngokwanele esintamo phakathi abakhiqizi angaphandle kanye Russian. Ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, kwasekuqaleni ukubeka phambili izimo ezimbili eziyinhloko. Inani lokuqala kuyinto izindleko zokukhiqiza. Yena, kuthinta ovumelekile ubuncane lokudayisa elijwayelekile. Eyesibili simo - okuyimfanelo ezithinta electrode kwabashiselayo, emabhuloki ngoba amaziko, graphites kwesakhiwo kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Kulokhu, umbuzo uthi, ukhonkolo imiphumela yabo ukusetshenziswa - Uyini ethize ukusetshenziswa, uzosebenza njengenhloko umkhiqizo.

Isakhi esiyinhloko izindleko kanye nekhwalithi

Ukwakheka ngalezi zinkomba kuthonywa izici eziningi. Phakathi kwabo kukhona izindleko zokuthutha, izinto, inqubo fuel, ukusebenza, ugesi kanye nokunye. Zonke lezi zindleko ezakha ezingaphezu kuka-80% izindleko zokukhiqiza. impahla eluhlaza for the umkhakha electrode ingenye izici ezibaluleke kakhulu. Kuthinta hhayi izindleko kuphela, kodwa futhi ku lomkhiqizo. Kule ndaba, imboni isisetshenziswa base lihunyushwe ngokuthi omunye kwezomnotho kanye lobuchwepheshe izinkomba sokukwazi ukuncintisana ezingeni lamazwe.

Sakhiwo ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziphinde

Okunqumayo ngokuhambisana ngesilwane esifuywayo eziyisisekelo imikhiqizo ekhiqizwa eRussia. Ikakhulu, i-amabhizinisi yasekhaya ukukhiqiza:

• Graphite electrode ngoba amaziko kagesi.
• Carbon futhi graphite cathode amabhlogo.
• Electrode futhi mass ukwenziwa Silicon kanye ne-aluminium.
• graphite Bezakhiwe izimboni ezahlukene.
• Electrode kwabashiselayo arc nokunye.

izinto zokusetshenziswa Main

Domestic amabhizinisi ukusetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izinto. zibhekwa ezivamile:

• Petroleum coke. Kungase kube izinga ekhethekile noma kwetayela.
• coke Shale futhi acicular.
• anthracite kwetheknoloji.
• Yamalahle itiyela phezulu.

Izinkinga izinto

Namuhla e-Russia azikho izinkampani esikhiqiza ongaphakeme-sulphur petroleum coke. Babalelwa ku-200 eziyinkulungwane. Amathani eluhlaza impahla ubonakele ababengaphandle kwalelo zwe e Turkmenistan, lapho ukukhululwa kwe yakhe kwabanye isizathu kunqatshelwe. Njengamanje, inketho efanele is dalo hydrotreating amayunithi ukuze coking feedstock e zokuwuhluza. Lokhu kuzonika kukhululwe impahla nge enciphile sulphur e Russian indawo. Kodwa ukugcwaliseka amaphrojekthi ezijulile ukucutshungulwa uwoyela kunesidingo kabusha eziningi zokuwuhluza kuhilela ukunciphisa ivolumu eluhlaza zokwakha coking. Material uthenge ogxile acicular phesheya. Abanikezela ngazo-United States naseJapane. Kuyinto impahla eluhlaza for electrode umkhakha kukhiqizwa futhi zokuwuhluza Novoufimsky yasekhaya. Le nkampani yabonisa amathuba yangempela futhi umthamo edingekayo kanye nekhwalithi ukukhiqizwa. Okokuqala ezivezwa abanolwazi bese batch yezimboni impahla. Inkinga Inani kwesokunxele ayizinkulungwane 1.5. Wamathani. Namuhla, kuncike njalo zosizo ongaphakeme-sulphur uwoyela kusilela. Ezinye izinkampani ukubonisa imiphumela azinzile ukwenziwa izinto. Ngakho, eminyakeni yamuva nje iye uhlaliseke ngezinga elithile, ikhwalithi amalahle itiyela phezulu. Nokho, akubona bonke amabhizinisi iqhaza umkhankaso ukukhiqizwa amamaki impahla "A" futhi "B". Kuyinto impahla eluhlaza for the umkhakha electrode kubaluleke ngokukhethekile, njengoba sibonakala ngokwanda isibalo oda ngaye. Hhayi wawubona ukuzinza kanye ukukhululwa nezinye ezibalulekile izinto. Isibonelo, lokhu kusebenza pyrolysis kuzilandeleli ukuthi ingaba njengesihluthulelo i okufakiwe samalahle. Umuntu inqubo izinyathelo, lezi zingxenye kubalulekile. Ayikho ukukhululwa kwe lokushisa eliphezulu amalahle itiyela iphimbo (brand "T"). Kufanele angene ezinye zokwakha carbon hlobo.

Isimo amabhizinisi yasekhaya

Kwehliswe ukunakekela inkinga ukunikezela eluhlaza indaba for umkhakha electrode kubange ukushoda okokusebenza carbonaceous nokwenyuka ukungeniswa - kusuka 35 kuya ku-100%. Ngakho, ukulungiselela okungazelele nezigaba kanye ngasezinkwalini Kolyvansky anthracite Amasimu ubuchwepheshe, ise-Novosibirsk esifundeni, futhi lag bula umsebenzi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-5, okuye kwabangela ngayo ukwehla elibukhali ukukhiqizwa nokunonophala of izinto zokusetshenziswa. Kuba nezinguquko eziphawulekayo eyenzeke ukunikezelwa izinto zokukhiqiza graphite kwesakhiwo. Mayelana ekunqanyulweni kwe ukukhiqizwa pyrolysis coke e 1992-94. ngokucijile encishisiwe ivolumu yabo. I kwaphumela inkinga yokwentuleka kakhulu ekutholeni izinto okunye okudingekayo izixazululo ngokushesha. Moscow electrode Plant, ngemva kwakhe futhi Nez (Novocherkassk inkampani) waqala umsebenzi ucwaningo nentuthuko on womshini kwesakhiwo graphite ubuchwepheshe. Kuze kube yimanje, ngokubambisana neNhlangano Works oluthambile e-Estonia yasungulwa.

Izimpumelelo izinkampani Russian

Chelyabinsk electrode Plant kamuva uyabandakanyeka emisebenzini efanayo. Ngenxa imigqa emisha yocwaningo ngesikhathi inkampani ezaqaliswa. Ngenxa yalokho, CEZ wakhipha nqwaba ezahlukene lemikhiqizo ngesisekelo kwesakhiwo graphite iphimbo coke. Indaba for lezi zimpahla amabhizinisi yasekhaya. Kwebalingisi we-graphite ekhiqizwa zivumelana nalabo abenziwe usebenzisa coke petroleum. Ngakho-ke yaxazululeka inkinga supply lemikhiqizo ezahlukene jikelele-njongo impahla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wabuyisela ukukhiqizwa futhi ukuthumela ku-ukukhiqizwa amandla enuzi kusuka graphite kwesakhiwo adingekayo ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa RBMK amayunithi. Ukuze ngokuphelele ukuthuthukiswa iphimbo coke bakhonze njengoba yamathebhu e kwesakhiwo graphites, wena kumele ahlangane ezithile zobuchwepheshe kanye lobuchwepheshe izinyathelo inqubo ukulungiselela kanye nokuqeqeshwa.

izinto kwebalingisi

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa zonke izinhlobo carbon futhi graphite izimpahla ezisetshenziselwa izithako zemvelo futhi yokufakelwa. Isakhi esiyinhloko therein izenzo carbon. Phakathi kwezinto zemvelo kufanele ukugqamisa graphite yemvelo kanye anthracite. Artificial izithako, Nokho, ukwakheka up omningi walo carbonaceous impahla. Izindlela ezihlukahlukene isithako izinto eziyinhloko etholwe yokubola organic compounds. Zingase zimiswe kusuka isigaba liquid noma igesi. Futhi, bangase bathole kusukela yokubola compounds okuqinile. Kusukela esigabeni igesi akhiwa, isibonelo, amabanga athile carbon omnyama, kusukela kulolu ketshezi, esikhundleni salokho - petroleum cokes. Indaba kokuqala kanye nendlela ukucubungula nethonya juqu kwi yokugcina umkhiqizo izici.

Zonke izinto zokusetshenziswa for the umkhakha electrode zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu 2: okuqinile izingxenye carbonaceous futhi binders. Ake sihlole kubo.

izinto eziqinile

1. Anthracite. It uba ingxenye eyinhloko amabhlogo carbon kanye electrode elisetshenziswa ulwelwesi wokwakha namabhati, Ohhavini, njll Izimfuneko eziyinhloko ukuze Anthracite .:

1. I ongaphakeme sulphur.
2. Ukumelana Thermal.
3. umlotha okuqukethwe okuphansi.
4. amandla Mechanical.
5. I okusezingeni eliphezulu conductivity kagesi.

Isicelo anthracite ku izingoma ngcono ukusebenza imikhiqizo, ngokuyinhloko conductivity yabo ezishisayo.

2. Cox. Lena kwenye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu electro futhi electrode umkhakha. Namuhla, zombili izinhlobo impahla iyatholakala. Umsuka - uwoyela - kuveza coking ka-petroleum izinsalela. Amandla ayo kuxhomeke ohlotsheni ukuqala izinto. Womshini lolu hlobo wenziwa ngezindlela 2. Ngokwenhlolo-carbonization lokuqala wenziwa ukufuthelana metal cubes. Eyesibili indlela - enensayo kumaseli unheated. Eyesibili uhlobo kuveza ukucutshungulwa amalahle itiyela phezulu.

graphite

Le ngxenye isetshenziswa iningi carbon izinto. Lapho iphathwe mass graphite yokuthuthukisa ductility yayo, encishisiwe ngomshikisho zangaphakathi nezangaphandle. Lokhu kuvumela electrode luthe ukuqina kwabashiselayo kanye neminye imikhiqizo. Ngisho esincane graphite (4-6%) has a nethonya elihle izakhiwo umkhiqizo. Ikakhulukazi, it kwandisa ukumelana ukushisa nokufudumala conductivity. Amapharamitha main ukuthi ukucacisa amamaki izinga graphite, kukhona ukusatshalaliswa usayizi nomlotha. Nokho, ziyisici eyanele kuphela icala uma kuziwa idiphozi okuthile kwezinto ezibonakalayo futhi indlela enza. Ukuze ukubaluleka olufanayo graphites Inkomba Lokudabuka ahlukahlukene kungahluka nezinye izakhiwo.

inqubo

indlela Slow lokuveza coke manje kubhekwe ethandwa kakhulu. Ingqikithi yale nqubo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi indaba osuke usushisa kakade ukuba degrees 500, akhishwa ku kulesi sikhungo unheated ngci kusukela ngaphandle. Ngaphansi amaqhinga ahlukahlukene e block kungenziwa isethwe kusukela sikhungo 2 kuya ku-4. Amazinga kwalo kungukuchotshozwa 470-480 degrees, futhi ingcindezi - kuze kufinyelele 1.7 atm. Iyunithi yakhelwe ugcwalise emini. Ngemva kohambo lwakhe egcwele ophendulayo steamed. Kubalulekile Ehlubula impahla ongahluziwe distillate izingxenyana zaso. Nazo ngokufanayo, ithunyelwa ikholomu ziphuzo zazihluzwa.