Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kwenqondo: incazelo kanye incazelo yokuthi ngokuyisisekelo

I uphethwe umphumela ngokwengqondo imisebenzi onguchwepheshe, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho zihlonzwe izici zobuntu, isimo sabo samanje, kanye izibikezelo yezingozi izinguquko esizayo.

Inchazelo

Umqondo ezifana "ukuxilongwa" isetshenziswa kabanzi hhayi kuphela kwezokwelapha, kodwa nakwezinye wesayensi. Ngokwezwi nezwi, ilihumusha ngokuthi "ukuqashelwa." Mayelana amazwi anjengokuthi "ukuxilongwa ngokwengqondo", kusho ukuhlonza izinkinga uhlamvu siqu, kanye nezimbangela zabo eqondile ecashile. Kulokhu, singaxoxa hhayi kuphela mayelana ngeziphambeko noma pathologies, kodwa yayihlanganisa nokuthi kwezimo ezivamile, okuyinto futhi abadinga ucwaningo.

Isitatimende uphethwe ezingokwengqondo zingenza kwenziwe ezindaweni ezine eziyinhloko, okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanele labelwe abadumile usosayensi Reykovich:

• ucwaningo, ukuhlaziywa, futhi izici zokuziphatha yomsebenzi;
• Ukutadisha izinqubo sengqondo okuyinto banesibopho ngokulawulwa kweminye imisebenzi womuntu;
• ukuhlola ageleze ezinzwa ukuphendula izindlela;
• Ukutadisha nemibandela kumiswa izici ezingokwengqondo yomuntu.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Psychology igama elithi "ukuxilongwa" alisetshenziswa kaningi njengokuthanda kwezinye izindawo imithi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimo somuntu ngokomzwelo kunalokho engazinzile futhi ngaso sonke isikhathi amenable ukuba isifundo enemininingwane. Yingakho uphethwe ngokwengqondo kaningi has a anolaka, achazayo.

Uma sikhuluma sokutholakala ukuthi une-ngokwengqondo zandiswa kwalo kusikisela okulandelayo:

• cwaningo eyinhloko isimo jikelele we ngabanye kanye nasezingeni yakhe nezinga lokukhula kwengane;
• Ukutadisha ubuntu sokulinganisela, kanye ekuboneni izici ezingokwengqondo;
• izinkinga Ukucinga (hhayi kuphela ziqondakala nesineke, kodwa futhi kufihlwe);
• definition ngobuhlobo ubuntu izinkinga abaziwayo;
• ukulungiswa ngokwengqondo kucatshangelwa khona noma ukungabi khona e isiguli baveze ikhono oluhambelana.

I amaphutha eyinhloko uphethwe ngokwengqondo

Inkinga uphethwe ngokwengqondo ukuthi kunzima ngempela ukusungula. Ochwepheshe ngempela ngokuvamile ukwenza amaphutha alandelayo:

• observation ongatjhejisisiko noma osontekile, umphumela okungase kubhekwe izici kanye namafomu abo;
• Iphutha idatha yokubhalisa, avame zihlotshaniswa olubandlululayo ngase isiguli noma ukuhlolwa subjective imigomo;
• amaphutha ithuluzi kukhona ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamakhono ukusebenza imishini yezobuchwepheshe, kanye nokungakwazi kahle ukuhumusha idatha;
• uphethwe esichazayo esekelwe umbono wokuqala ngaphandle ucwaninge ngokwengeziwe;
• Iphutha isichasiso wukuthi onguchwepheshe angakwazi kuthiwe ndaba lezo zici ukuthi bengayi ofanelekayo ngempela ke;
• esungula izizathu yamanga ngenxa ukuphambuka kusuka esimweni esejwayelekile;
• ukulwela yonke indawo ukusebenzisa umbono athuthukile, engasafuni ukusebenza ukufuna amakhambi amasha;
• Indlela okubekwe ngayo ucophelele kwesifo.

Izigaba wezifo

ne umsebenzi ngesineke wezengqondo ihlanganisa izigaba ezilandelayo esemqoka:

• ukulungiselela kwangaphambilini lokufaka ekhatsi kusungulwa oxhumana nabo phakathi isiguli kanye nodokotela, kanye namasu umsebenzi afanayo;
• esungula ukuxhumana nesineke futhi ugqozi lwakhe ngokubambisana (lokhu into abayifunayo ngokusungula wobungane oluyimfihlo);
• iqoqo idatha idatha isimo nesineke ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene uphethwe ngokwengqondo;
• kucutshungulwa yedatha etholakele nge ekwakhiweni alandelayo Ihlahlubo Izibikezelo of ukuqhubeka esigulini;
• ukuthuthukiswa izincomo isimo ukuzinza isiguli;
• ukubhalisa umbiko yezokwelapha ngendlela enqunyiwe.

umbiko ngokwengqondo

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kwenqondo, umbiko kwengqondo - umqondo ofanayo lapho, Nokho, ngeke ibonakale. Igama elithi lokuqala ngokwanele anyakaza hhayi kaningi lisetshenziswe umkhuba. Uma sikhuluma esiphethweni ezingokwengqondo, yenziwa ngendlela ehlelekileko, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi oyinhloko, kanye elicwengisiswe (lokugcina).

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwahlukana imibono ku eyinhloko elicwengiwe kunalokho ezingafanele. ngokuvamile kuyadingeka ukuphinda izifundo practice ngokwengqondo. Yingakho esiphethweni yokugcina angaya esigabeni eyinhloko. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isimo ezingokwengqondo nezingokomzwelo yomuntu kukhonjelwe iyehla iyenyuka njalo futhi ngempela engazinzile.

Kuyinto eyamukelekayo ukubhala umbiko ngokwengqondo ifomu mahhala, kodwa uma sikhuluma umkhuba ovamile, kufanele kube cishe ngendlela elandelayo:

• Uhlolojikelele:
  • idatha ubekezele;
  • izikhalazo isiguli noma abantu elalihamba naye;
  • umlando idatha;
  • incazelo izici ezithile ukubukeka nokuziphatha;
  • ukucacisa degree of kumiswa imisebenzi zokulawula;
  • engqondweni yethu izici ukuthuthukiswa;
  • izinkinga ezingokomzwelo futhi ubuntu netimphawu kuchumana emkhatsini webantfu.
• Special ingxenye:
  • owasungulwa uphethwe ngokwengqondo;
  • Isibikezelo sezulu sezinsuku ka ukuqhubeka isimo;
  • izincomo ukuzinza isimo.

izimiso ngokwengqondo isiphetho

umbiko kwenqondo esungulwe ngesisekelo yile migomo elandelayo:

• idokhumenti ingeyona ifomu sokuloba, futhi kanjalo ngendlela ehambisana bebodwa ulwazi theory ne practical diagnostician;
• esiphethweni eyinhloko izinto isitatimende injongo ngazo ucwaningo lwenziwe;
• umbiko ngokwengqondo ayenencazelo esisebenzayo, kufanele ngempela ziboniswe izici zobuntu ezihlukile okungase kubhekwe njengendlela ukuphambuka kusuka esimweni esejwayelekile;
• kufanele khona ukuma ngesikhathi ezidzimeleleko ukuthi abe umsebenzi zokulungisa;
• esiphethweni kumele sihambisane ulwazi olunzulu phezu izifundo (imibuzo kanye namafomu, njll);
• izincazelo kumele kube sobala futhi umgomo.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Psychological and izinhlobo zalo

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ongoti eziningi ezihlukahlukene futhi basebenzisa izindlela ezahlukene ukusebenza iziguli. Kule ndaba, isithakazelo esikhulu ekutadisheni nezindaba ezifana ukuxilongwa ngokwengqondo nezinhlobo zalo. The main yilezi ezilandelayo:

• Sifo esekelwe ukuthola ukuba khona isici. Kulesi nesineke izici ezingokwengqondo kulinganiselwa, ngokusekelwe umbandela elinqunyiwe, okuyinto kubhekwa evamile.
• Icacisa kobukhulu izici ezithile. Kaningi asetshenziswe cwaningo, iqembu labantu ngenxa khona izici ezithile.

Isicelo ngemiphumela yocwaningo

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kwenqondo ungathola isicelo yayo ezindaweni ezilandelayo yizenzo zabantu:

• nokwenza yokufundisa inqubo yemfundo;
• ukusebenza emkhakheni zokuba umuntu aqeqeshelwe amakhono nesiqondiso amakhono;
• umsebenzi psychotherapeutic, okuyinto ihlose ukuqeda ngeziphambeko kusuka esimweni esejwayelekile;
• Icala (kuncike kuncuma kungenziwa kunqunywa isigwebo).

Izindlela eziyinhloko ukuxilongwa

Izindlela ezilandelayo eyinhloko uphethwe kabi ngokwengqondo:

• indlela Picturesque - esekelwe isithombe, ukubhala isivivinyo, eyenziwe isimo okutholakele;
• inhlolovo indlela - kwetinhlobo letikhetsekile, okuyinto ngemva kokugcwalisa wezifo angabakhulula uphethwe ezifanele;
• indlela sociometric usetshenziselwa ukukhomba amaphethini nobudlelwano e iqembu labantu;
• indlela oluchaza kuhilela isifundo wezokusebenza kwengqondo yomuntu ngesisekelo incazelo yokuphila kwakhe futhi kabusha ezinye izigaba ezisemqoka;
• indlela zofuzo - ukuxilongwa ngesisekelo izifundo isiguli oyisihlobo esiseduze;
• twin indlela ihlose ukucacisa ubunjalo zomuntu ngokwengqondo (zingabantu esizalwa naso noma akuthola izici zangaphandle);
• izindlela zezibalo uvumele ukufakazela futhi alungise umbono.

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kwenqondo ngokuvumelana Vygotsky

Omunye nosaziwayo kakhulu emkhakheni wezokusebenza kwengqondo kubhekwa L. S. Vygotsky. Wakhokha ukunakekela okukhethekile imiqondo ezifana "ukuxilongwa ngokwengqondo" futhi "indlela abheka ngayo izinto ngokwengqondo." Zivela ngombono wakhe, okuqukethwe kwabo kungahambisani. Nokho, ukubikezela, kubalulekile ukuhlola hhayi kuphela ngaleso sikhathi, kodwa futhi isimo isiguli esidlule, okwenza isithombe ucishe olunembile ezenzekayo esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokuhambisana theory Vygotsky, singakwazi ukuhlukanisa amazinga ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo uphethwe kabi ngokwengqondo:

• enokwehla - isitatimende izimpawu esekelwe kulo waphetha;
• etiologic - siqukethe ekukhombeni imbangela esimweni esithile;
• typological - kuyinto eliphakeme ukuhlola, okuhilela ngokuchaza indawo zokuhluka kwembulwe isithombe mazombe seragelo ubuntu ngokwengqondo.

impumelelo Vygotsky kufanele kubhekwe futhi ukwethulwa eside ezifana "isimo kwezenhlalo yentuthuko." Kuyinto uhlelo itjhebiswano Kumiswa phakathi ngabanye kanye nendawo yazo.

Common ebuntwaneni izifo

Ungakhetha ingxenye elandelayo yalo uphethwe ngokwengqondo kwezingane:

• Okunamathiselwe disorder - Ingebhe ngokwahlukana efana nabantu obathandayo, futhi ngayo ngezinto eziyigugu. Lokhu kungenzeka kungenxa yokuthi ukulahlekelwa yamuva noma ushintsho abukhali kwenkundla. It kubonakala isimo njalo yokukhathazeka atihambi todvwa.
• Dizraptivnye ezibangela ukuziphatha okuyinqaba ehilela umsebenzi ngokweqile futhi impulsivity. Izingane nge kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane ngokuvamile ngempela ofuthelene futhi enenkani, futhi ebucayi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ithambekele ayale abanye libhekene isifiso ngokweqile ukuze uthole into oyifunayo.
• iziyaluyalu Luchumano azibonakalisa inkulumo enzima, ngamazwi noma non-ngamazwi imicabango yakhe. izingane ezinjalo zivame libhekene inkulumo ingasheshi noma egwinya futhi amalimi.
• iziyaluyalu yokuthuthuka ahambisana ukuziphatha ongalawuleki. Izingane ezinjalo kungenzeka abanobudlova nabanolaka, ngokungazelelwe uhlangabezana iconsi bomoya. Lezi iziyaluyalu ahambisana kahle amakhono kanye nokuziphatha emphakathini.
• iziyaluyalu bokuphila ehilela yokuphazamiseka uhlelo amandla, kanye nezidingo engokwemvelo ukuhamba. Abakwazi nawukucindezeleka ezinzima noma ukushaqeka.
• Kwemizwelo ziyabonakala ngesimo ukucindezeleka futhi singanakwa. Lihlanganisa futhi iziyaluyalu okuguquguqukayo, okuyinto ahambisana isiqephu ukwenama, ukukhuthazwa ngokweqile futhi injabulo.
• Ukungasebenzi ephelezelwa izimpawu motor ukubambezeleka ekuthuthukisweni ngokomzimba. Ngokuvamile lezi zingane sezikhulile Clumsy, eside ukufunda amasu eziyisisekelo (ezifana yasibamba izinkinobho, nokunye).
• disorder Tic ngokuvamile aba lezinceku noma kungaholela ekucindezelekeni okukhulu. Kuyinto ukunyakaza okungalindelekile futhi spasmodic ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba. Ngokuvamile e kwezimo ezivamile lezi zinkinga ngokwabo mayelana iminyaka engu-7.

Izimiso okuzobe kudlalelwa izifo ngokwengqondo

umsebenzi professional isiguli kuwumphumela ukuxilongwa ngokwengqondo. Psychodiagnostics ukwazi izimiso ezilandelayo eziyisisekelo:

• indlela eqotho kusho ucwaningo ephelele izindawo eziyisisekelo ezifana ubuntu, ukuziphatha kanye intelligence;
• ubunye Ihlahlubo ukulungiswa;
• cwaningo ephelele izici ezingokwengqondo (phakathi nesifundo kufanele kwenziwe ukuhlonza zonke izindawo ingqondo);
• Indlela siqu kuhilela ukucabangela izici ngamanye Ihlahlubo isabelo ukwelashwa;
• indlela umsebenzi wukuthi ukusebenza isiguli kufanele kwenziwe umongo izindawo zalo yomsebenzi;
• Isimiso ashukumisayo ukufunda ukusebenza langempela hhayi kuphela kodwa futhi kungenzeka ukuthuthukiswa kwabo okwengeziwe;
• inhlanganisela inhlolovo ngamunye kanye nokucindezela yikhono ukuheha ochwepheshe zezinkampani zangaphandle ukusungula ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa.

Imikhuba ehamba phambili ukusebenza iziguli

Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla kwenqondo - kuyisigaba eziyinkimbinkimbi, ngakho ochwepheshe kufanele aqondiswe izimiso ezithile, uxhumana amakhasimende:

• okwenza izincomo isiguli, kubalulekile ukuba simnike eziningi ezingaba yisisombululo senkinga ukuthi kwakufanele bakhethe, kuye ngokuthi izimo ezingaphandle azisho;
• wezifo akufanele kugcine kuphela ukusatshalaliswa izincomo, futhi ukunikeza ukuhlolwa subjective ngayinye kumakhansela;
• akudingekile ukuba sigcizelele indlela ogulayo yokuziphatha, okuyinto ivame sokusebenza kwengqondo - isiguli kumele akwazi ukuzithiba Ukukhetha;
• ukwelulekwa okungokwengqondo akufanele eziphonsa isiguli kuncike udokotela (imiphumela yayo isiguli kufanele bathole amakhono ezimele psychocorrection);
• ikhasimende kumele bakwazi ukufaka isicelo kabusha kuchwepheshe, uma engakwazi ukubhekana kangcono nale nkinga njalo;
• wezifo akufanele uphume isiguli nje yanelisekile ukuthi basiqonda izincomo futhi ilungele abazisebenzako.

okutholakele

Umqondo uphethwe ngokwengqondo kusho umphumela imisebenzi onguchwepheshe, yayihloselwe ekukhombeni ukuhlukahluka ukwakha ubuntu, ukuthuthukiswa izincomo kanye ekubikezeleni isimo esizayo. Lokhu kusho ikhono ukuqaphela inkinga ye uhlamvu siqu, kanye nezimbangela zabo kanye nezinye amaphuzu abalulekile. Uma sikhuluma ngezindlela ukuxilongwa, kumele kuphetfwe ekuhloleni umsebenzi zokuziphatha futhi izinqubo ngokwengqondo ukuthi elawula izinga lawo. Ukunakwa ikhokhelwa izindlela obhekene ukugeleza emsipheni ukusabela, nemibandela kwakhiwa ngazo iphrofayela ngokwengqondo is.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi okwamanje unaka kakhulu lolu daba njengoba ukuxilongwa ngokwengqondo nezinhlobo zalo. Umsebenzi control ukugwema amaphutha ezivame avame eyenziwe ngochwepheshe. Ngakho, singaxoxa ngokuyinhloko ngokuntuleka ukunakekela isiguli, ngoba izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo ngokuvamile athembele kokuhlangenwe nakho kwabo odlule. Futhi uzinake kunobungozi zonke nasendabeni yesimo sengqondo olubandlululayo maqondana isiguli. A iphutha elivamile - ukuxilongwa ngesisekelo ngamawala ngaphandle ukuhlaziywa ezijulile. Futhi uzinake ukuthi kungenzeka usebenzisa ithempulethi zezimo theory ngaphandle kucatshangelwa izici ngamunye umuntu.

Umqondo ezifana "ukuxilongwa" akuyona ovamile ngakho kwengqondo njengoba 'isiphelo'. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi alinaso ifomu esinqunyiwe, kukhona uhlelo ezivamile kwathiwa iyawakha. Ngakho, esigabeni jikelele liqukethe ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nesineke, kanye nezikhalo ezivela kuye (noma izikhonzi). Iphinde kumele izici ukubukeka nokuziphatha esiguli, okuyizinto ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni ukuxilongwa ngokwengqondo, kanye nezinkinga ezikhonjwe kushiwo. I ekhethekile inezimemezelo hhayi kuphela indlela okubekwe ngayo isiphetho, kodwa futhi izincomo jikelele ukubhekana nezinkinga futhi isimo ukubona ukuthi kuzokwenzekani.

A umnikelo enkulu ngokwanele ukuba theory kanye umkhuba kwengqondo wenza usosayensi L. S. Vygotsky. Waphetha ngokuthi onalesi sifo futhi uphethwe imiqondo cishe siye ohlangothini olufanayo. Noma kunjalo, omunye eziyinkimbinkimbi ebanzi nokuningi, ngoba akuhileli nje kuphela isifundo esidlule nesamanje, kodwa futhi isimo esizayo. Vygotsky zihlukaniswa amazinga amathathu uphethwe ngokwengqondo. Enokwehla iyona elula kunazo futhi kuhilela kuphela isitatimende izimpawu ezisobala futhi esicashile. Uma sikhuluma ezingeni etiological, kuba more xaka ngenxa isidingo ukuthola futhi sihlaziye izizathu ukuphambuka. Mancane kakhulu amathuba okuba ukuhlangabezana izinga typological ngayo, okubekela inombolo yezindawo ngeziphambeko etholakala esithombeni jikelele lomuntu.