Imfundo ePoland: isenkulisa, isikole, eyesibili, yezokwelapha, i-postgraduate

Esikhathini sonke isikhala seSoviet, iPoland iyavela ngenxa yezindlela zanamuhla nezindlela zokufundisa. Imfundo ePoland, izakhamuzi ziphoqelekile, futhi zingakhetha uhlelo olufanele kakhulu kubo noma ezinganeni zabo. Esihlokweni sethu, sizozama ukudalula ngendlela enemininingwane kakhulu yonke indlela abafundi abayiphambela enkulisa ukuze bathole umsebenzi ozayo.

Imfundo yangaphambi kwesikole ePoland

Izingane zingaqala ukuya enkulisa eneminyaka emithathu. Umbuso uthatha njengesisekelo uhlelo olwamukelwa emazweni amaningi aseYurophu: kuze kube yiminyaka eyisithupha abazali bangathatha izingane esikoleni esingaphambi kwesikole noma bahlale nabo ekhaya, kodwa kusukela eminyakeni eyisithupha kuya kwesikhombisa ingane kufanele ifundele inkulisa ukuze ilungiselele isikole. Ngonyaka odlule, abantwana bafundiswa ukubala, bafunde, balungise isandla sabo ukubhala, futhi bahlanganyela emculweni nasekudansa. Ukuvakashela kule nkulisa yobudala akuyona nje iPoles kuphela, kodwa futhi nezingane zababaleki abangaphansi kokuvikelwa kukahulumeni. Imfundo ePoland izingane zasenkulisa zingakwazi kulezi zikhungo ezilandelayo:

• Enkulisa kamasipala. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izinsana zamahhala zingakwazi ukuhlala lapha kuze kube amahora amahlanu ngosuku, futhi yonke isikhathi esilandelayo kanye nokudla kukhokhelwa ngokwehlukana.
• Enkulisa yomphakathi. Njengomthetho, bayamukela izingane ezikhubazekile, kanye nalabo abakhuliswa ngaphandle kwabazali.
• Enkulisa yangasese. Ngokuvamile kukhona amaqembu amancane asebenza lapha, kodwa othisha abaningana bahileleke nezingane. Kodwa-ke, akubona bonke abazali abangakwazi ukuhambisa izingane zabo esikhungweni esinjalo, ngoba imali yokuhlala kuyo iphezulu kakhulu.

Isikole samabanga aphansi

Imfundo yesibili ePoland iyimpoqo, futhi ilungelo layo lifakwe emthethwenisisekelo wezwe. Akuzona izingane kuphela zezakhamuzi zezwe okufanele zifunde esikoleni, kodwa futhi izingane zezinye izizwe. Uhlelo lwezemfundo ePoland lunezici eziningi:

• Lapho beneminyaka engu-7 ubudala, abantwana baya ekilasini lokuqala futhi ngaphambi kokungena kwesithathu baxilongwa ezimweni zemfundo ehlanganisiwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi amakilasi awahlukaniswanga ngezihloko ezihlukene (ngaphandle kwemfundo yomzimba nomculo). Zonke izifundo, ngaphandle kwalokhu okungenhla, zigcinwa uthisha oyedwa. Ngesicelo sabazali, izingane zingakwazi ukuya emakilasini ezimisweni zokuziphatha nokufunda inkolo.
• Isigaba esilandelayo yisifundo kusukela kwesine kuya kwesithupha ebangeni. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, othisha abathintekayo bahlanganyela nezingane, futhi ekupheleni kwebanga lesithupha, izingane zidlulisa izivivinyo zokuhlolwa. Kumele ngithi imiphumela yalokhu ukuhlolwa ayithinti amamaki okugcina noma angeniswe emidlalo yokuzivocavoca. Kodwa-ke, ziyacatshangelwa uma ingane idluliselwa kwesinye isikole, ikakhulukazi uma inesidingo esiphezulu.

I-Gymnasium

Kusukela eminyakeni engu-13 kuya kwengu-16, abafundi basePoland baya esikoleni sokuzivocavoca lapho befunda khona abantu, izilimi ezimbili zangaphandle, izifundo zezibalo kanye nezifundo zenhlalo. Ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi, amantombazane namantombazane athatha ukuhlolwa, emva kwalokho abhalise esikoleni esilandelayo. Imfundo yesibili ePoland ingaqhubeka noma i-lyceum (lokhu kuzothatha iminyaka emithathu yokutadisha) noma esikoleni sokufundela umsebenzi. Ngemva kokuphothula iziqu, abantu abasha bathola isitifiketi sokuvuthwa futhi bakhethe omunye umgwaqo. Ngakho-ke, bangakwazi ukungena eyunivesithi, esikoleni esiphakeme esikoleni, esikoleni sobuchwepheshe noma ukuya emsebenzini.

Imfundo ephakeme ePoland

Njengamanyuvesi amaningi aseYurophu, amanyuvesi asePoland amaningi kakhulu avuma abafundi ngaphandle kokuhlolwa. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izikole zibeke ilungelo lokuletha izivivinyo ezengeziwe - ukuhlolwa kwezifundo ezithile noma izingxoxo. Amanyuvesi ahlonishwe kakhulu abeka uhlaka lokungeniswa kwabafundi bangaphandle. Ungaphinde uthole imfundo ePoland kwelinye lamanyuvesi angasese, futhi izinga lemfundo kulezi zikhungo zemfundo alingaphansi kombuso owodwa. Enye inzuzo eyengeziwe yokuqeqeshwa okukhokhelwayo yithuba lokudlulisa i-internship ebhizinisini ngokwephrofayela yayo. Uphawu oluhambelana nediploma lunikeza umqeqeshi ithuba lokuncintisana ngaphezu kwalabachwepheshe abathile abasha.

Imfundo ephakeme ePoland kubantu bezinye izizwe ihlale ikhokhelwe, kepha abafundi bangazikhokhela izindleko ngenxa yomsebenzi wokusebenza. Emadolobheni amakhulu, kunemisebenzi eminingi ene-part-time (ingxenye yesikhathi) kanye nemholo ehloniphekile. Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi abaseRussia, ama-Ukrainians namaBelarusian banethuba lokusebenza ngaphandle kwemvume esemthethweni ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, kudingeka ukuthi bagcwalise Isimemezelo Sokuqashwa futhi babhalise ngokusemthethweni isikhungo sokuqashwa kwendawo. Esifundweni esiphakeme, imfundo ePoland ingahlanganiswa ne-internship ebhizinisini lephrofayela. Umsebenzi onjalo, njengombuso, ukhokhwa ngokwanele futhi unikeza ithuba lokuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo namakhono.

Ukuqeqesha ngemuva kokuthola idiploma

Ochwepheshe abaningi abasha abaye baqeda izifundo zabo eRussia bazimisele ukuqhubeka izifundo zabo phesheya. Imfundo yasePoland yasePoland iyithuba elihle kakhulu labafundi abafundela iziqu, abachwepheshe noma i-master degree ukuthuthukisa ulwazi lwabo ensimini yabo noma ukuthola imfundo embonini entsha. Uma ngabe ufisa, umfundi angakhetha uhlobo lokufunda lokufunda isikhathi sonyaka owodwa. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zemfundo yokufundela iziqu:

• Ngaphandle kwezinga lezemfundo - MBA (Business Administration) noma ukuqeqeshwa okuthuthukisiwe.
• Ngesabelo se-academic degree - ukwamukela isihloko senkosi noma udokotela wesayensi.

Amakhono Ezokwelapha

Abafundi abaningi bezinye izizwe bangena ezweni ukuze bangene esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Leli qiniso lingachazwa ukuthi ikhwalithi yemfundo isesimweni esiphakeme, kanti izindleko zayo ziphansi kakhulu kunezinye amazwe aseYurophu. Imfundo yezokwelapha ePoland ingathola:

• Isakhamuzi esinePolle Card - ongenayo ungena enyuvesi ngamagama afanayo nanoma yisiphi isakhamuzi sezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unenzuzo efanayo kanye nethuba lokuthola isifundo. Iziviwo zenzeka ePoland, futhi abangenayo kumele babonise ulwazi oluhle ezifundweni ezimbili ezikhethiwe kusuka kwisayensi yemvelo. Isibonelo, kungaba yi-biology kanye ne-chemistry. Amabanga aphezulu avumela abafundi ukuba bathathe kalula kusuka esikhungweni esisodwa semfundo baye kwenye, uma kunesidingo.
• Owezizwe ohlelweni lokufundela uhulumeni - ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuba adlulise izivivinyo ku-consulate yasePoland. Labo abangaphumelela ngempumelelo ukuhlolwa bazokwazi ukutadisha ezweni mahhala futhi bathole isimo somfundi wangaphandle. Ngokuvamile abafakizicelo babhalisiwe ku-zero noma ngonyaka wokuqala wekhono lobuchwepheshe.
• Noma ubani ofuna ngokukhokhwa yindlela elula, ngoba kulokhu akudingekile ukuba athathe izivivinyo. Kodwa-ke, abafakizicelo kumele banikeze idiploma ngamamaki aphezulu kanye nolwazi oluhle lwesiLimi lwasePoland. Futhi, abafundi bezinye izizwe banethuba lokukhetha lolu hlelo ngesiNgisi. Ngidinga ukuthi leli limi umfakisicelo kufanele azi kahle ngangokunokwenzeka.

Amanyuvesi aseWarsaw

Imfundo eyunivesithi yenhloko-dolobha ibilokhu ihlonishwa njalo. Uma unquma ukuthola imfundo ePoland, unake izikhungo ezilandelayo zemfundo:

• I-Warsaw University - inikeza abafundi ukuba bakhethe elinye lamakhono amabili, nabangaphandle - enye yezinhlelo eziningi ngesiNgisi. Phakathi kwalabo abaphothula iziqu kule nyuvesi, kukhona ama-award winners ama-Nobel Prize. Leli qiniso libonisa ukuqeqeshwa okunikezwayo kusukela ohlangothini olungcono kakhulu.
• I-Polytechnic University yaseWarsaw - ibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezingcono hhayi ezweni lakubo kuphela, kodwa nasemhlabeni. Inani labafundi abafunda lapha lifinyelela ku-37 000 ngonyaka, abaningi babo bahlanganisa ukutadisha nemisebenzi yocwaningo.
• IYunivesithi kaLazara iyunivesithi yangasese, abaphothule lapho okungaba ngu-100% isiqiniseko sokuthola umsebenzi ohloniphekile ekupheleni kwayo.

Amanyuvesi ase Krakow

Kwelinye lamadolobha amahle kunawo wonke kuleli zwe kunezikhungo zokufundisa ezizimele zangasese. Sizokutshela ngabanye babo:

• I-Economic University yaseKrakow iyona enkulu kunazo zonke ePoland ensimini yayo. Akukhethiwe kuphela izakhamizi zezwe, kodwa futhi ngabafundi bamazwe angaphezu kuka-40 emhlabeni wonke. Iqiniso liwukuthi eyunivesithi inikeza ithuba lokuthola idiploma kabili ngamazwe afana neFrance, iJalimane, iSpain nabanye abanye.
• I-Academy of Music e-Krakow iyathandwa kakhulu kubantu abasebenza ngobuciko. Unayo studio yayo yokurekhoda.
• I-Academy of Social Sciences e Krakow iyisikhungo semfundo yangasese esinikeza abafundi ithuba lokukhetha izici ezingu-22. Izindleko zokuqeqesha lapha ziphansi, kukhona ithuba lokuthola imfundo efana ne -US (ngenxa yokubambisana ne-American University of Clark University).

Isiphetho

Njengoba ungabona, uhlelo lwezemfundo ePoland luyathuthuka futhi lufinyeleleka. Yingakho ukuqeqesha kulelizwe kungakhethi nje kuphela izakhamizi zezwe, kodwa nabangaphandle. Imali ephansi yokutadisha, ithuba lokuthola imali eyengeziwe futhi uthole umsebenzi ngemuva kwediploma, uhlelo lokubhalisa olulula nje yizinto ezimbalwa eziheha abafundi abavela emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.